Lampornithini

Lampornithini
Purple-throated mountaingem (Lampornis calolaemus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Subfamily:	Trochilinae
Tribe:	Lampornithini Jardine, 1833
Genera
7, see text

Lampornithini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Mellisugini (bees) and Trochilini (emeralds).

The informal name "mountain gems" has been proposed for this group. The largest genus Lampornis contains eight species with "mountaingem" in their common name. ^[1] The tribe contains 18 species divided into 7 genera. ^{[2] [3]}

Phylogeny

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family was composed of nine major clades. ^[4] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they based their classification on these results and placed three of the nine clades in the subfamily Trochilinae. The clades were placed in separate tribes which were named Lampornithini (mountain gems), Mellisugini (bees), and Trochilini (emeralds). ^[5] The tribe Lampornithini with the current circumscription was introduced in 2009. ^[6] A subfamily based on the genus Lampornis was introduced by William Jardine in 1833. ^[7] The name Lampornithinae was used by Charles Bonaparte in 1842. ^[8]

Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds. ^{[2] [4] [6]} In the cladogram below the English names are those introduced in 1997. ^[9] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013. ^[10]

Trochilidae	Florisuginae – topazes Phaethornithinae – hermits Polytminae – mangoes Lesbiinae Heliantheini – brilliants Lesbiini – coquettes Patagoninae – giant hummingbird Trochilinae Lampornithini – mountain gems Mellisugini – bees Trochilini – emeralds

The cladogram below shows the relationships between the genera in the tribe Lampornithini. It is based on the molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014. The genera Sternoclyta and Hylonympha were not sampled. ^[2]

Lampornithini	Lampornis Lamprolaima Eugenes Panterpe Heliomaster

Taxonomic list

The tribe contains 7 genera. ^[3]

Image	Genus	Living species
	Sternoclyta	Violet-chested hummingbird, Sternoclyta cyanopectus
	Hylonympha	Scissor-tailed hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca
	Eugenes	Rivoli's hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens Talamanca hummingbird, Eugenes spectabilis
	Panterpe	Fiery-throated hummingbird, Panterpe insignis
	Heliomaster	Long-billed starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris Plain-capped starthroat, Heliomaster constantii Stripe-breasted starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus Blue-tufted starthroat, Heliomaster furcifer
	Lampornis	White-bellied mountaingem, Lampornis hemileucus Blue-throated mountaingem, Lampornis clemenciae Amethyst-throated mountaingem, Lampornis amethystinus Green-throated mountaingem, Lampornis viridipallens Green-breasted mountaingem, Lampornis sybillae Purple-throated mountaingem, Lampornis calolaemus Gray-tailed mountaingem, Lampornis cinereicauda White-throated mountaingem, Lampornis castaneoventris
	Lamprolaima	Garnet-throated hummingbird, Lamprolaima rhami

References

1. Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 325–343. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 . PMID   9066799.
2. McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 .
3. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
4. McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology. 56 (5): 837–856. doi:10.1080/10635150701656360. PMID   17934998.
5. Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 131.
6. McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.
7. Jardine, William (1833). Humming Birds, Part II. The Naturalist's Library, Ornithology, Volume VII. Vol. 7. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 180.
8. Bonaparte, Charles Lucian (1842). Catalogo Metodico Degli Uccelli Europei (in Latin). Leiden: J. Marsigli. p. 90.
9. Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 325–343. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 . PMID   9066799.
10. Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.

Sources

• Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. ISBN   978-0-9568611-0-8.