Trochilinae

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Trochilinae
Violet-headed Hummingbird (f) JCB.jpg
Female violet-headed hummingbird (Klais guimeti)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Subfamily: Trochilinae
Reichenbach, 1854
Tribes

3, see text

Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

Contents

The subfamily is divided into three tribes: Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species, Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species and Trochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species. [1] [2]

Phylogeny

The hummingbirds were formerly divided into two subfamilies, the hermits (Phaethornithinae) and the nonhermits (Trochilinae). The results from a 2007 DNA hybridization study suggested that the hermits were basal to the rest of the family. [3]

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nine clades. [4] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013, they divided the hummingbird family into six subfamilies based on the molecular results and redefined the subfamily Trochilinae to contain three clades, each of which they placed in a separate tribe: Lampornithini (mountain gems), Mellisugini (bees) and Trochilini (emeralds). [5] A comprehensive phylogenetic study that sampled 284 hummingbird species was published in 2014. It confirmed the nine clades found in the earlier study but found that the hermits were sister to the topazes clade (subfamily Florisuginae) containing the genera Topaza and Florisuga . Many of the traditional genera in the emerald clade (Trochilini) were shown to be polyphyletic. [1] As a result, many of the genera in this part of the tree have been revised. [2] [6]

Trochilidae

Florisuginae – topazes

Phaethornithinae – hermits

Polytminae – mangoes

Lesbiinae

Heliantheini – brilliants

Lesbiini – coquettes

Patagoninaegiant hummingbird

Trochilinae

Lampornithini – mountain gems

Mellisugini – bees

Trochilini – emeralds

The above cladogram of the hummingbird family is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published in 2014. [1] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-chested hummingbird</span> Species of bird

The blue-chested hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest.

<i>Amazilia</i> Genus of birds

Amazilia is a hummingbird genus in the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in tropical Central and South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-chested hummingbird</span> Species of bird

The purple-chested hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. It is commonly hunted for the supposed medicinal properties of its beak by indigenous peoples in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green-and-white hummingbird</span>

The green-and-white hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Peru.

<i>Chlorestes</i> Genus of birds

Chlorestes is a genus of hummingbirds.

<i>Chrysuronia</i> Genus of birds

Chrysuronia is a genus of hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae, all of which are native to Central and South America.

<i>Polyerata</i> Genus of birds

Polyerata is a genus of hummingbirds.

<i>Riccordia</i> Genus of birds

Riccordia is a genus of birds in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. They are endemic to the Caribbean.

<i>Pampa</i> (bird) Genus of birds

Pampa is a genus of birds in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. These species are resident in northern Middle America.

<i>Chionomesa</i> Genus of birds

Chionomesa is a genus of South American hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae.

<i>Elliotomyia</i> Genus of birds

Elliotomyia is a genus in the family of Hummingbirds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polytminae</span> Subfamily of birds

Polytminae is one of the six subfamilies of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The subfamily contains 12 genera with a total of 29 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesbiinae</span> Subfamily of birds

Lesbiinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Florisuginae</span> Subfamily of birds

Florisuginae is one of the six subfamilies in the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heliantheini</span> Tribe of birds

Heliantheini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe in the subfamily is Lesbiini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesbiini</span> Tribe of birds

Lesbiini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe is Heliantheini (brilliants).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mellisugini</span> Tribe of the Trochilinae

Mellisugini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini and Trochilini (emeralds).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lampornithini</span> Tribe of birds

Lampornithini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Mellisugini (bees) and Trochilini (emeralds).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trochilini</span> Tribe of birds

Trochilini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini and Mellisugini (bees).

<i>Ramosomyia</i> Genus of birds

Ramosomyia is a genus in family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds, that was created in 2021 to replace Leucolia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. Bibcode:2014CBio...24..910M. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 . PMID   24704078.
  2. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  3. Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 325–343. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 . PMID   9066799.
  4. McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology. 56 (5): 837–856. doi: 10.1080/10635150701656360 . PMID   17934998.
  5. Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 111.
  6. Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa. 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID   29245495.
  7. Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.

Sources