Trochilinae | |
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Female violet-headed hummingbird (Klais guimeti) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Apodiformes |
Family: | Trochilidae |
Subfamily: | Trochilinae Reichenbach, 1854 |
Tribes | |
3, see text |
Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.
The subfamily is divided into three tribes: Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species, Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species and Trochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species. [1] [2]
The hummingbirds were formerly divided into two subfamilies, the hermits (Phaethornithinae) and the nonhermits (Trochilinae). The results from a 2007 DNA hybridization study suggested that the hermits were basal to the rest of the family. [3]
A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nine clades. [4] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013, they divided the hummingbird family into six subfamilies based on the molecular results and redefined the subfamily Trochilinae to contain three clades, each of which they placed in a separate tribe: Lampornithini (mountain gems), Mellisugini (bees) and Trochilini (emeralds). [5] A comprehensive phylogenetic study that sampled 284 hummingbird species was published in 2014. It confirmed the nine clades found in the earlier study but found that the hermits were sister to the topazes clade (subfamily Florisuginae) containing the genera Topaza and Florisuga . Many of the traditional genera in the emerald clade (Trochilini) were shown to be polyphyletic. [1] As a result, many of the genera in this part of the tree have been revised. [2] [6]
Trochilidae |
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The above cladogram of the hummingbird family is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published in 2014. [1] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013. [7]
Amazilia is a hummingbird genus in the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in tropical Central and South America.
The white-bellied hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found at forest edge, woodland, scrub and gardens in the Andes, ranging from northern Peru south through Bolivia to north-western Argentina. There are also lowland populations in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is generally fairly common.
The charming hummingbird and also known as the beryl-crowned hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae, found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. Staying within the exterior of forests, it searches for scattered flowers and various arthropods for food.
The purple-chested hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. It is commonly hunted for the supposed medicinal properties of its beak by indigenous peoples in the area.
The green-and-white hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to the East Andean slope in Peru, where generally restricted to areas near humid forest. It is commonly seen at Machu Picchu. It closely resembles the white-bellied hummingbird, but lacks white to the basal half of the tail.
Chlorestes is a genus of hummingbirds.
The white-chinned sapphire is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in northern South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.
Saucerottia is a genus of birds in the family Trochilidae, or hummingbirds.
Riccordia is a genus of birds in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. They are endemic to the Caribbean.
Pampa is a genus of birds in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. These species are resident in northern Middle America.
Elliotomyia is a genus in the family of Hummingbirds.
Polytminae is one of the six subfamilies of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The subfamily contains 12 genera with a total of 29 species.
Lesbiinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.
Florisuginae is one of the six subfamilies in the hummingbird family Trochilidae.
Heliantheini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe in the subfamily is Lesbiini.
Lesbiini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe is Heliantheini (brilliants).
Mellisugini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini and Trochilini (emeralds).
Lampornithini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Mellisugini (bees) and Trochilini (emeralds).
Trochilini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini and Mellisugini (bees).
Ramosomyia is a genus in family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds, that was created in 2021 to replace Leucolia.