National Alliance was a national conservative political party in Italy. It was the successor of the Italian Social Movement (MSI),a neo-fascist party founded in 1946 by former followers of Benito Mussolini that had moderated its policies over its last decades and finally distanced itself from its former ideology,a move known as post-fascismo,during a convention in Fiuggi by dissolving into the new party in 1995.
Forza Italia was a centre-right liberal-conservative political party in Italy,with Christian-democratic,liberal,social-democratic and populist tendencies. It was founded by Silvio Berlusconi,who served as Prime Minister of Italy four times.
Democracy is Freedom –The Daisy,commonly known simply as The Daisy,was a centrist political party in Italy. The party was formed from the merger of three parties within the centre-left coalition:the Italian People's Party,The Democrats and Italian Renewal. The party president and leader was Francesco Rutelli,former mayor of Rome and prime ministerial candidate during the 2001 general election for The Olive Tree coalition,within which The Daisy electoral list won 14.5% of the national vote.
The Italian Republican Party is a political party in Italy established in 1895,which makes it the oldest political party still active in the country. The PRI identifies with 19th-century classical radicalism,as well as Mazzinianism,and its modern incarnation is associated with liberalism,social liberalism,and centrism. The PRI has old roots and a long history that began with a left-wing position,being the heir of the Historical Far Left and claiming descent from the political thought of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. With the rise of the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) to its left,it was associated with centre-left politics. The early PRI was also known for its anti-clerical,anti-monarchist,republican,and later anti-fascist stances. While maintaining those traits,during the second half of the 20th century the party moved towards the centre on the left–right political spectrum,becoming increasingly economically liberal.
Franco Frattini was an Italian politician and magistrate. He served as the President of the Council of State from January to December 2022.
Lamberto Dini is an Italian politician and economist. He was the Director General of Bank of Italy from 1979 to 1994,Minister of Treasury from 1994 to 1996,the 51st Prime Minister of Italy from 1995 to 1996,and Foreign Minister from 1996 to 2001.
Fausto Bertinotti is an Italian politician who led the Communist Refoundation Party from 1994 to 2006. On 29 April 2006,after the centre-left coalition's victory in the Italian general election,he was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies,a position he held until 2008.
Enrico Letta is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014,leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. He was the leader of the Democratic Party (PD) from March 2021 to March 2023.
Pier Luigi Bersani is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD),Italy's leading centre-left party,from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry,Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999,President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996,Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001,and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.
Benedetto Della Vedova is an Italian politician.
The Italian People's Party was a Christian-democratic,centrist and Christian-leftist political party in Italy. The party was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).
Stefano Stefani was an Italian politician and leading member of the regional secessionist Liga Veneta–Lega Nord.
Gianfranco Rotondi is an Italian politician. A member of the Italian Parliament since 1994,he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 1996,from 2001 to 2006,and since 2008,as well as a member of the Senate of the Republic from 2006 to 2008. He was also a Minister without Portfolio for the Implementation of the Government Program in the fourth Berlusconi government from 2008 to 2011.
Margherita Boniver is an Italian politician.
The 1994 Italian general election was held on 27 and 28 March 1994 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic for the 12th legislature. Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition won a large majority in the Chamber of Deputies but just missed winning a majority in the Senate.
The Liberal Democrats,whose complete name is Liberal Democrats for Renewal,is a liberal and centrist political party in Italy.
Massimo D'Alema is an Italian politician and journalist who was the 53rd prime minister of Italy from 1998 to 2000. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2008. D'Alema also served for a time as national secretary of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS). Earlier in his career,D'Alema was a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and was the first former Communist party member to become prime minister of a NATO country and the only former PCI prime minister of Italy. Due to his first name and for his dominant position in the left-wing coalitions during the Second Republic,he is referred to as Leader Maximo. He is also the author of several books.
Maria Elena Boschi,is an Italian lawyer and politician,member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2013.
Matteo Mecacci is an Italian diplomat serving as director of the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODHIR). In the past,he was a Radical Party Member of Parliament in Italy and elected in the lists of the Democratic Party,President of the International Campaign for Tibet and leading advocate for the International Criminal Court,the abolition of the death penalty,religious freedom and other prominent human rights campaigns.
The 2023 Democratic Party leadership election was a primary election that was held in Italy in February 2023 to elect the National Assembly and secretary of the Italian Democratic Party (PD). It consisted of a closed primary election among party members held from 9 to 19 February,and an open primary election held on 26 February.
