Lee Ek Tieng | |||||||||||
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李一添 | |||||||||||
![]() Lee in New Zealand in 1970 | |||||||||||
Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of the Environment | |||||||||||
In office 1972–1986 | |||||||||||
Prime Minister | Lee Kuan Yew | ||||||||||
Preceded by | Position established | ||||||||||
Head of the Public Utilities Board | |||||||||||
In office 1978–2000 | |||||||||||
Prime Minister | Lee Kuan Yew Goh Chok Tong | ||||||||||
Preceded by | Lim Kim San | ||||||||||
Succeeded by | Chiang Chie Foo | ||||||||||
Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance (Revenue) | |||||||||||
In office 1986–1989 | |||||||||||
Prime Minister | Lee Kuan Yew | ||||||||||
Managing Director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore | |||||||||||
In office November 1989 –December 1997 | |||||||||||
Prime Minister | Lee Kuan Yew | ||||||||||
Preceded by | J. Y. Pillay | ||||||||||
Succeeded by | Koh Yong Guan | ||||||||||
Head of the Singapore Civil Service | |||||||||||
In office 12 October 1994 –21 September 1999 | |||||||||||
Prime Minister | Goh Chok Tong | ||||||||||
Preceded by | Andrew Chew | ||||||||||
Succeeded by | Lim Siong Guan | ||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||
Born | Perak,British Malaya | 21 September 1933||||||||||
Spouse | Patricia Lee | ||||||||||
Children | 2 | ||||||||||
Alma mater | University of Malaya (BS) Newcastle University | ||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||
Chinese | 李一添 | ||||||||||
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Lee Ek Tieng DUBC PJG (born 21 September 1933) is a Singaporean former bureaucrat. As Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of the Environment,Lee oversaw the cleaning of Singapore's rivers. He also held leadership positions at the Monetary Authority of Singapore,the Public Utilities Board,and the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation. From 1994 to 1999,Lee was the head of the Singapore Civil Service.
The seventh of eight children,Lee was born on 21 September 1933 in Perak,British Malaya. His father was a Methodist pastor. [1] Lee attended Anglo-Chinese School and was a member of its table tennis team. In 1958,Lee graduated from the University of Malaya with a Bachelor of Science in civil engineering. In 1965,he obtained a diploma in public health engineering from Newcastle University on a Colombo Plan scholarship. [2]
In 1958,Lee joined the City Council (later the Public Works Department) as an engineer and was responsible for drafting Singapore's first Sewerage Master Plan. In 1970,he was appointed as the first head of the Anti-Pollution Unit (comprising himself,Phang Phui Yong,and Chua Yong Hai) at the Prime Minister's Office. [1] [3] Lee was posted to Australia and New Zealand for seven months to study their pollution management methods. [4] From 1971 to 1972,Lee was the Permanent Secretary (Special Duties) of the Ministry of Health,succeeding Tan Teck Khim. [2]
In 1972,Lee became the first Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of the Environment. [1] At the time,Singapore's waterways were significantly polluted. On 27 February 1977,Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew challenged Lee and his team at the Ministry of the Environment to clean up the Singapore River and the Kallang Basin within ten years. [5] He also pledged to give those spearheading the effort a solid gold medal each,should they be successful. [6]
In addition to banning bumboats,hawkers,and squatters from the area,Lee Ek Tieng also commissioned contractors to dredge the bed of the Singapore River by 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) and replace its mud and waste with sand. This resulted in the stench that had hung in the air for years disappearing within a week. [7] A network of sewage pipes that would send waste to centralised treatment plants was also established. [8]
The entire operation,which ended up costing approximately S$300 million,was deemed a success,as evidenced by the return of fish and other sea creatures to the Singapore River. [9] A Clean River Commemoration was held at the Marina Mandarin on 2 September 1987. [10] As Lee Kuan Yew had promised a decade ago,Lee Ek Tieng and nine other civil servants [a] were each presented with a solid gold medal worth around S$1,000. [6] Lee Kuan Yew later remarked in his memoirs:"There would have been no clean and green Singapore without Lee Ek Tieng." [12]
In September 1978, [13] while he was still overseeing the cleaning of Singapore's rivers,Lee succeeded Lim Kim San as head of the Public Utilities Board (PUB). [14] Together with Tan Gee Paw,Lee—then the head of Singapore's Water Planning Unit—had drafted the country's first water master plan in 1972,which emphasised that Singapore needed to be at least 75 per cent self-sufficient in water. After assuming leadership of the PUB,Lee made the production of reclaimed water one of his top priorities. When the technology became more cost-efficient in the late 1990s,Lee greenlit the construction of a Bedok-based facility that would produce 2,200,000 imperial gallons (10,000,000 L;2,600,000 US gal) of reclaimed water each day. [15] Mindful that there was a "yuck factor" to reclaimed water,Lee christened the PUB's product "NEWater". As he reasoned,"Something 'new' will always attract attention. The word NEWater is neutral,it doesn't tell you the source of the water." [16]
Lee left the Ministry of the Environment in 1986 to become Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance's Revenue division,a position that he held until 1989. [2] He was also appointed as a director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) in 1986. [17] Lee served as the managing director of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC) from November 1989 to December 1997. [18] [19]
From 1991 to 1995,Lee was the chairman of Raffles Country Club. He left the civil service in September 1993, [20] but retained his positions at GIC,the PUB,and the MAS. [21] On 1 June 1994,Lee succeeded Andrew Chew as head of the Singapore Civil Service. He was appointed as deputy chairman of the MAS in January 1998, [17] before becoming group managing director in April 1999. [2]
Lee stepped down as head of the civil service on his 66th birthday,21 September 1999. [13] He was awarded the Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang (Distinguished Service Order) in 2000. He retired from public service altogether in December of the same year. [1] At the time of his retirement,Lee was a Staff Grade Administrative Officer—the highest rank in the civil service. [21]
Lee is married to Patricia Lee. [2] They have two sons. [22]
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