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In linguistics, deixis is the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context, e.g., the words tomorrow, there, and they. Words are deictic if their semantic meaning is fixed but their denoted meaning varies depending on time and/or place. Words or phrases that require contextual information to be fully understood—for example, English pronouns—are deictic. Deixis is closely related to anaphora. Although this article deals primarily with deixis in spoken language, the concept is sometimes applied to written language, gestures, and communication media as well. In linguistic anthropology, deixis is treated as a particular subclass of the more general semiotic phenomenon of indexicality, a sign "pointing to" some aspect of its context of occurrence.
In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker. By extension, language extinction is when the language is no longer known, including by second-language speakers. Other similar terms include linguicide, the death of a language from natural or political causes, and rarely glottophagy, the absorption or replacement of a minor language by a major language.
Johanna Nichols is an American linguist and professor emerita in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Berkeley.
Lyle Richard Campbell is an American scholar and linguist known for his studies of indigenous American languages, especially those of Central America, and on historical linguistics in general. Campbell is professor emeritus of linguistics at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Marianne Mithun is an American linguist specializing in American Indian languages and language typology. She is a professor of linguistics at the University of California at Santa Barbara, where she has held an academic position since 1986.
Nancy Currier Dorian is an American linguist who has carried out research into the decline of the East Sutherland dialect of Scottish Gaelic for over 40 years, particularly in the villages of Brora, Golspie and Embo. Due to their isolation from other Gaelic-speaking communities, these East Sutherland villages presented a good opportunity to study language death. Dorian's study is possibly the longest such study in the field. She is considered "a prime authority" on language death. Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect, her study into the decline of Gaelic in East Sutherland, is considered "the first major monograph" on language death. According to linguist Joan Argenter, Dorian's name "is well known to scholars working in" several areas of linguistics.
Wallace Chafe was an American linguist. He was Professor Emeritus and research professor at The University of California, Santa Barbara.
Lindsay J. Whaley is a professor of linguistics and classics at Dartmouth College
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Fred Walter Householder, Jr. was an American linguist and professor of classics and linguistics at Indiana University. His best known works include Linguistic Speculations and his contributions to Readings in Linguistics II.
Gillian Elizabeth Sankoff is a Canadian-American sociolinguist, and professor emerita of linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania. Sankoff's notable former students include Miriam Meyerhoff.
Carol E. Genetti is an American linguist who is known for her research into Tibeto-Burman languages and languages of the Himalayans. Her work into Newar language is the first comprehensive grammar, focusing on the Dolakhae dialect. Her investigation into languages of the Indosphere has increased understanding of many typological features, including auxiliaries.
Betty J. Birner is an American linguist. Her research focuses on pragmatics and discourse analysis, particularly the identification of the types of contexts appropriate for sentences with marked word order.
Alice Carmichael Harris is an American linguist. She is currently Professor of Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she has been employed since 2009.
Maria “Masha” Polinsky is an American linguist specializing in theoretical syntax and study of heritage languages.
Dafydd Gibbon is a British emeritus professor of English and General Linguistics at Bielefeld University in Germany, specialising in computational linguistics, the lexicography of spoken languages, applied phonetics and phonology. He is particularly concerned with endangered languages and has received awards from the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Poland.
Mira Ariel is a professor of linguistics at Tel Aviv University, specializing in pragmatics. A pioneer of the study of information structure, she is best known for creating and developing Accessibility Theory.
Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen is an American linguist and distinguished professor (emeritus) from the University of Helsinki.
References
- ↑ "Lenore A. Grenoble". University of Chicago. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
- ↑ "Newly Elected Fellows". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
- ↑ "Lenore Grenoble : Dept. of Slavic Languages and Literatures, UC Berkeley" . Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ "Distinguished Classmates of Cornell 1979 honored at the 35th Reunion". 79classmates.net. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ "Lenore A. Grenoble". scholar.google.de. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ "John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation" (PDF). Retrieved August 12, 2018.
- ↑ "Three Faculty Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences - Division of the Humanities". humanities.uchicago.edu.
- ↑ "Governance". Linguistic Society of America. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
- ↑ "LSA Announces 2023 Class of Fellows | Linguistic Society of America". www.linguisticsociety.org. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
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