Leonore Tiefer | |
---|---|
Born | New York City, US | February 5, 1944
Education | University of California, Berkeley (BA, PhD) |
Known for | Sexologist, Clinical Psychologist, expert on Women and Gender |
Website | http://www.leonoretiefer.com |
Leonore Tiefer (born February 5, 1944) is an American educator, researcher, therapist, and activist specializing in sexuality, and is a public critic of disease mongering as it applies to sexual life and problems. [1]
Leonore Tiefer was born in New York city and brought up in the Bronx, a borough of New York. [2] Tiefer's mother, Rosalind Crost, of Dutch Jewish Sephardic heritage, was a gifted musician who performed widely. [3] Her instrument was the piano. She was so versatile that she also excelled at the clarinet and the cello and her performances as the only woman with Simon Bellison's Clarinet Ensemble were much praised. [4] Her father, Abraham David Tiefer, of Austro-Hungarian Ashkenazi heritage, worked for the Board of Health. [2]
She attended Hunter College High School, graduating in 1961. Afterwards, she attended City College of New York (1961-1963) as well as the University of California, Berkeley for her B.A., receiving as well her Ph.D. at the university. Her thesis was on Experimental Psychology involving the role of hormones on hamsters (1969). She then held an academic position in physiological psychology at Colorado State University (1969-1977). [2]
Responding to the challenge of the feminist movement, she left Colorado and returned to her home state of New York, where her career in New York City sexology included positions at Downstate Medical Center (1977-1983), Beth Israel Medical Center (1983-1988), and Montefiore Medical Center (1988-1996). Fifteen years after her Ph.D. she returned to graduate school to respecialize as a clinical psychologist with a focus on human sexuality. [5] : XIII She completed an American Psychological Association (APA)-approved postdoctoral respecialization in clinical psychology at New York University in 1988 with a focus on sex and gender problems. [2] While at Montefiore, she held an appointment with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Tiefer was also a clinical associate professor of psychiatry at the NYU School of Medicine from 1981 to 2017. [6]
Tiefer has held professional offices within both sexological and feminist organizations. [2] From 1983 to 1986 she was the National Coordinator of the Association for Women in Psychology (AWP). [7] She later wrote the history of that group from 1969 to 2009. [7] She was elected president of the International Academy of Sex Research (IASR) in 1993, and also served as the IASR representative at the first International Consultation on Erectile Dysfunction in 1999. From 2001 to 2002, Tiefer was on the Board of Directors of the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health (ISSWSH), then called the Female Sexual Function Forum. She has reviewed small grants for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and in 1992, she was an invited speaker at the only National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference ever held on a sexual topic: impotence. Tiefer was also vice-chair of the Board of Directors of the National Coalition Against Censorship during the 1990s-2000s. [6] [2]
Tiefer also has held a variety of editorial positions with professional psychology and sexology journals. She has been a Book Review Editor for numerous scholarly publications and an Associate Editor for the Journal of Sex Research from 1992 to 1996. She has been a consulting editor for various journals since 1975. She continues this work to today.
In 1972, while working at Colorado State University (CSU) in Fort Collins, Tiefer co-founded the local National Organization for Women (NOW) chapter and the CSU Commission on the Status of Women (CSUCSW). [8] The CSUCSW invited Gloria Steinem and Ms. Magazine editors to speak at the university on the “myths of feminism” in 1973, [9] and later that same year, Tiefer helped form the CSU Faculty Women's Caucus. [10] The following year, Tiefer taught an experimental course called “Human Sexuality,” the first on that topic at the university, which was taught from a “non-sexist point of view.” [11] [2]
After returning to New York City in 1977, Tiefer became active in the anti-rape movement, which had begun in the 1970s with speakouts, publications, and community organizing by groups such as New York Women Against Rape. [12] The movement largely focused on "…law enforcement behavior and legal changes, hospital practices and counseling, self-defense and community education.” [13]
The New York City Mayor's Task Force on Rape was established in 1973, and opened four borough-wide rape crisis centers in 1977 (the group later changed its name to the New York City Advisory Task Force on Rape in 1980). Tiefer joined the group in 1977, and was co-chair from 1980 to 1982. Tiefer also joined the Psychiatry Department at Downstate Medical Center (DMC) in 1977 and co-founded the Rape Crisis Elective for Medical Students. This service has now evolved into a program out of the DMC Emergency Medicine Department. [14]
As part of her activities as National Coordinator of the Association for Women in Psychology (1983-1986), Tiefer co-organized a demonstration at the 1985 meeting of the American Psychiatric Association to protest the addition of "anti-feminist" diagnoses such as "paraphilic rape disorder" and “self-defeating personality disorder” to the DSM-III-R. [15] [16] This focus on norms continued with her work on Female Sexual Dysfunction nomenclature.
Tiefer co-founded the World Research Network on the Sexuality of Women & Girls (WRNSWG) in 1991. [17] She edited its newsletter from 1991 to 1999, and organized 4 of the 5 WRNSWG conferences, which were timed to precede the annual International Academy of Sex Research meetings in Provincetown (1995), Amsterdam (1996), Baton Rouge (1997), and New York City (1999). [18] [19] Other notable feminists involved with WRNSWG include Dutch sexologist Ellen Laan. [2] [19]
In a society where it's your fault if you don't get sex right, and you have to have a lot of it and you have to do it right but nobody teaches you how ... you're looking for a way to excuse yourself from your problems, and biology offers that excuse." [20]
Since 1999, Tiefer has condemned the push for "Pink Viagra" by pharmaceutical companies. [21] [22] In doing so, she uniquely paired activism with research and scholarship to create the New View Campaign, [23] which organized against the harmful medicalization of women's sexuality, including female sexual dysfunction, and female genital cosmetic surgery. [24] [2]
Tiefer started the New View Campaign in 2000 as an educational project to create a new model of women's sexual health. [25] According to the campaign's website, "Our goal was to expose the deceptions and consequences of industry involvement in sex research, professional sex education, and sexual treatments, and to generate conceptual and practical alternatives to the prevailing medical model of sexuality." [23] The campaign began with a collaboratively written and vetted manifesto that has been translated in 8 languages and published in many sexology textbooks. [26] Besides that, Erwin Haeberle put her summary of the founding of the New View Campaign (2000) into his "sexarchive". [27]
In 2001, Tiefer co-edited a feminist sexology collection, A New View of Women's Sexual Problems, which grew out of the campaign. Her 2003 teaching manual is available on the New View Campaign website. [28] The New View Campaign has held 5 scholar-activist conferences, testified before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provided fact sheets and briefings for media, and generated articles and chapters that are influencing the way students and professionals are taught about human sexuality. Tiefer used her experience as a clinical psychologist, sexologist, and feminist activist to critique, resist, and transform medical models of sexual health and dysfunction. [29] Her intergenerational campaign used a range of tactics, including scholarly publications, lobbying, and social media. [22] [2]
For years, the New View Campaign challenged FDA approval of Intrinsa (2004) and Flibanserin (2010, 2015) for women's hypoactive sexual desire and female sexual dysfunction. With petition work, mainstream interviews and debates, public actions, and presentations at FDA hearings, Tiefer and the New View Campaign challenged the highly deceptive pharmaceutical public relations campaigns in 2010, and 2015 that pressured the FDA to approve Flibanserin. [30] This effort spanned twelve years, from 2003 to 2015. [29] [24] [22] [2]
In 2008, the New View Campaign expanded its work to examine female genital cosmetic surgery. [24] At the same time, Tiefer expanded her activism from focusing exclusively on the medicalization of sex to a larger perspective on overtreatment and overdiagnosis. [24] In doing so, she co-organized the successful conference “Selling Sickness: People Before Profits,” in 2013 in Washington, D.C. [31] [22] [2]
In October, 2016, Tiefer concluded the New View Campaign with a final Capstone Conference in Bloomington, Indiana, the home of the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. A video about the conference was uploaded in 2017. [32] [2]
For Tiefer, female Genital Cosmetic surgery is harmful. As she says:
"[It promotes] “a very narrow definition of what women's genitals ought to look like — even for those women who don't want surgery, it harms them." [33]
It began in 2008 with a street demonstration [33] and scholary paper, [34] followed in 2009 by an arts and crafts exhibit and political event in Brooklyn, NY called “Vulvagraphics:An Intervention in Honor Of Female Genital Diversity”. [35] In 2010, New View organized a conference in Las Vegas called “Framing the Vulva” [36] which included activism titled “Talking back to Cosmetic Genital Surgeons”. In 2011, the New View Campaign organized a series of activist events called “Vulvanomics” with an online-petition, [37] and a one-day “Flash Activism” event of community-based photography of FGCS surgeon's offices. The 2011 also featured a 10-minute satirical video called Dr. Vajayjay's! Privatize Those Privates! [38]
In conjunction with her anti-medicalization scholarship and activism, Tiefer was interviewed by The New York Times, [39] The Washington Post, [40] The Nation [41] and other newspapers and magazines. She has appeared on numerous networks, such as the CBC [29] and many other electronic media. There is also a film titled Orgasm Inc. (2010) which features her work. [42]
Tiefer is also a public speaker, having been invited to keynote conferences nationally and internationally, such as one in Ljubljana,. [43] She has given provocative grand rounds in psychiatry, urology, and obstetrics & gynecology at medical centers, universities, and public audiences. [6] In 2003, she was a platform speaker at the Chautauqua Institution. [44] Tiefer also has a private practice in Manhattan which she began in 1996. [2]
She is the author of several books including Human Sexuality: Feelings and Functions (1979). Her book Sex is Not a Natural Act and Other Essays (1995), reviewed favorably by critics, [45] is now in its 2nd edition (2004). Her book reviews have appeared in numerous publications, and her coauthored op-eds have been published in the Los Angeles Times, [46] among others. [47]
Beginning with a 1976 essay in Redbook, Tiefer has dabbled in popular news and magazine writing. Most notably, she wrote a weekly column in the New York Daily News from 1980 to 1981, some sections of which are reprinted in the first edition of her book Sex is Not a Natural Act and Other Essays.
Tiefer authored monthly sex advice columns in Playgirl Advisor (1976-1977) and Playgirl (1977). Her writing also appeared in Prime Time Magazine (1981), and she was profiled in Ms. Magazine in 1999. In 1994, Tiefer and Carol Tavris wrote a humorous column for the New York Times Book Review that was reprinted in the L.A. Times. [48]
She received the Alfred C. Kinsey Award (1994), the Distinguished Lifetime Scientific Achievement Award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (2004) and the Lifetime Career Award from the Association for Women in Psychology (2004). She also served as vice chair of the board of directors of the National Coalition Against Censorship and on the steering committee of the Shelter for Homeless Men at the Community Church of New York - Unitarian-Universalist. [6]
The "Leonore Tiefer Collection, 1948-Present", consisting of over 900 monographs as well as other materials is held in the Archives of Indiana University, Bloomington and The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction. [49] [50]
Female ejaculation is characterized as an expulsion of fluid from the Skene's gland at the lower end of the urethra during or before an orgasm. It is also known colloquially as squirting or gushing, although research indicates that female ejaculation and squirting are different phenomena, squirting being attributed to a sudden expulsion of liquid that partly comes from the bladder and contains urine.
Anne Fausto-Sterling is an American sexologist who has written extensively on the social construction of gender, sexual identity, gender identity, gender roles, and intersexuality. She is the Nancy Duke Lewis Professor Emerita of Biology and Gender Studies at Brown University.
Sex-positive feminism, also known as pro-sex feminism, sex-radical feminism, or sexually liberal feminism, is a feminist movement centering on the idea that sexual freedom is an essential component of women's freedom. They oppose legal or social efforts to control sexual activities between consenting adults, whether they are initiated by the government, other feminists, opponents of feminism, or any other institution. They embrace sexual minority groups, endorsing the value of coalition-building with marginalized groups. Sex-positive feminism is connected with the sex-positive movement. Sex-positive feminism brings together anti-censorship activists, LGBT activists, feminist scholars, producers of pornography and erotica, among others. Sex-positive feminists believe that prostitution can be a positive experience if workers are treated with respect, and agree that sex work should not be criminalized.
Sexual arousal disorder is characterized by a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity in a situation that would normally produce sexual arousal, or the inability to attain or maintain typical responses to sexual arousal. The disorder is found in the DSM-IV. The condition should not be confused with a sexual desire disorder.
Sex therapy is a therapeutic strategy for the improvement of sexual function and treatment of sexual dysfunction. This includes dysfunctions such as premature ejaculation and delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, lack of sexual interest or arousal, and painful sex ; as well as problems imposed by atypical sexual interests (paraphilias), gender dysphoria, highly overactive libido or hypersexuality, a lack of sexual confidence, and recovering from sexual abuse ; and also includes sexual issues related to aging, illness, or disability.
Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of a sexual activity. The diagnosis can also refer to an inadequate lubrication-swelling response normally present during arousal and sexual activity. The condition should be distinguished from a general loss of interest in sexual activity and from other sexual dysfunctions, such as the orgasmic disorder (anorgasmia) and hypoactive sexual desire disorder, which is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity for some period of time.
The International Academy of Sex Research (IASR) is a scientific society for researchers in sexology. According to John Bancroft, retired director of the Kinsey Institute, IASR "can claim...most of the field's leading researchers." IASR is unique among sexology organizations in that individuals must be elected to membership, which requires demonstration of substantial contribution to sexology, including the authorship of 10 or more professional publications. Notable members have included Drs. Ray Blanchard, Milton Diamond, Kurt Freund, Richard Green, Leonore Tiefer, Judith Becker, and Ken Zucker. The official journal of IASR is the Archives of Sexual Behavior.
The feminist sex wars, also known as the lesbian sex wars, sex wars or porn wars, are collective debates amongst feminists regarding a number of issues broadly relating to sexuality and sexual activity. Differences of opinion on matters of sexuality deeply polarized the feminist movement, particularly leading feminist thinkers, in the late 1970s and early 1980s and continue to influence debate amongst feminists to this day.
Feminist sexology is an offshoot of traditional studies of sexology that focuses on the intersectionality of sex and gender in relation to the sexual lives of women. Sexology has a basis in psychoanalysis, specifically Freudian theory, which played a big role in early sexology. This reactionary field of feminist sexology seeks to be inclusive of experiences of sexuality and break down the problematic ideas that have been expressed by sexology in the past. Feminist sexology shares many principles with the overarching field of sexology; in particular, it does not try to prescribe a certain path or "normality" for women's sexuality, but only observe and note the different and varied ways in which women express their sexuality. It is a young field, but one that is growing rapidly.
Human sexuality covers a broad range of topics, including the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, philosophical, ethical, moral, theological, legal and spiritual or religious aspects of sex and human sexual behavior.
Heba Kotb is an Egyptian certified sex therapist and host of The Big Talk, a sexual advice show airing in Egypt. The first licensed sexologist in the country, Kotb bases her methods on the teachings of the Qur'an, which she says encourages healthy sexual relationships between husband and wife. She has been called: "Egypt's Dr. Ruth."
Lori Anne Brotto is a Canadian psychologist best known for her work on female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD).
Human female sexuality encompasses a broad range of behaviors and processes, including female sexual identity and sexual behavior, the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, and spiritual or religious aspects of sexual activity. Various aspects and dimensions of female sexuality, as a part of human sexuality, have also been addressed by principles of ethics, morality, and theology. In almost any historical era and culture, the arts, including literary and visual arts, as well as popular culture, present a substantial portion of a given society's views on human sexuality, which includes both implicit (covert) and explicit (overt) aspects and manifestations of feminine sexuality and behavior.
Sandra Risa Leiblum (1943–2010) was an American author, lecturer, and researcher in sexology.
The Evolution of Human Sexuality is a 1979 book about human sexuality by the anthropologist Donald Symons, in which the author discusses topics such as human sexual anatomy, ovulation, orgasm, homosexuality, sexual promiscuity, and rape, attempting to show how evolutionary concepts can be applied to humans. Symons argues that the female orgasm is not an adaptive trait and that women have the capacity for it only because orgasm is adaptive for men, and that differences between the sexual behavior of male and female homosexuals help to show underlying differences between male and female sexuality. In his view, homosexual men tend to be sexually promiscuous because of the tendency of men in general to desire sex with a large number of partners, a tendency that in heterosexual men is usually restrained by women's typical lack of interest in promiscuous sex. Symons also argues that rape can be explained in evolutionary terms and feminist claims that it is not sexually motivated are incorrect.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human sexuality:
Feminist views on sexuality widely vary. Many feminists, particularly radical feminists, are highly critical of what they see as sexual objectification and sexual exploitation in the media and society. Radical feminists are often opposed to the sex industry, including opposition to prostitution and pornography. Other feminists define themselves as sex-positive feminists and believe that a wide variety of expressions of female sexuality can be empowering to women when they are freely chosen. Some feminists support efforts to reform the sex industry to become less sexist, such as the feminist pornography movement.
Michael A. Perelman is an American psychologist. He is a Clinical Professor Emeritus of Psychology in Psychiatry and former Clinical Professor of Reproductive Medicine, and Urology at Weill Cornell Medicine. Perelman is the co-director of the Human Sexuality Program, Payne Whitney Clinic of the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.
New Directions in Sex Therapy: Innovations and Alternatives is a 2001 book by the Canadian sexologist Peggy J. Kleinplatz. It provides alternatives to the then conventional clinical strategies of treating sexual problems with medical and drug interventions.
The medicalisation of sexuality is the existence and growth of medical authority over sexual experiences and sensations. The medicalisation of sexuality is contributed to by the pharmaceutical industry, along with psychiatry, psychology, and biomedical sciences more generally.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)