Leucocoprinus brunnescens

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Leucocoprinus brunnescens
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucocoprinus
Species:
L. brunnescens
Binomial name
Leucocoprinus brunnescens
(Peck) Pegler (1983)
Synonyms

Lepiota brunnescens Peck (1904)
Leucocoprinus brunnescens Locq. (1945)
Leucoagaricus brunnescens Bon (1981)
Lepiota brunnescens var. erythropus Rick (1930)

Contents

Leucocoprinus brunnescens
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svgUmbonate cap icon.svg Cap is convex or umbonate
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Leucocoprinus brunnescens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. [1] [2]

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1904 by the American mycologist Charles Horton Peck who classified it as Lepiota brunnescens. [3]

In 1945 it was classified as Leucocoprinus brunnescens by the French mycologist Marcel Locquin. [4]

It was briefly classified as Leucoagaricus brunnescens by the French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1981 [5] before again being reclassified as Leucocoprinus brunnescens in 1983 by the British mycologist David Pegler. [6]

Description

Leucocoprinus brunnescens is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh.

Cap: 2-3cm. Convex or flat with an umbo. Whitish colour with brown specks or scales (squamules) forming on the cap except in the centre. The cap flesh is thin and the edges may develop cracks. Stem: 3-5cm long and 2-4mm thick. White, hollow and fibrous with a slightly thicker base. Small persistent annulus in the middle of the stem (median). Gills: White, crowded and free. Spores: Elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 μm. Taste: Sweet. [3]

The flesh bruises brown with discolouration also presenting when dry with the stem below the stem ring at first turning reddish-brown before becoming brown. Peck notes that within 12-24 hours the entire drying mushroom turns brown. [3]

Locquin's 1945 description varies in that it notes pink gills bordered with black. It's possible that this is a description of the drying mushroom or it may be another species as Locquin was likely aware of given his note of 'L. brunnescens Peck ?' [4]

Habitat and distribution

L. brunnescens is scarcely recorded and little known. Peck's 1904 study was on specimens found in open woods and grass near St. Louis, Missouri in July through August [3] whilst Pegler's study was on species in the Antilles islands of the Caribbean. [6]

Etymology

The specific epithet brunnescens is Latin for 'brownish' or 'browning'. [7] This is a reference to the brown discolouration of this mushroom.

Related Research Articles

<i>Leucoagaricus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae. As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.

<i>Leucocoprinus brebissonii</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus brebissonii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is commonly called the skullcap dapperling due to its distinctive pattern on the cap. This mushroom was only thought to be found in Europe but it has since been observed in the Pacific Northwest and may also be found in Asia.

<i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus cretaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is likely tropical in origin although it was first documented in Europe where it was often found growing in greenhouses and bark beds. However many early observations conflate this species with Leucocoprinus birnbaumii or Leucocoprinus cepistipes despite sharing only some superficial similarities. This fungus is quite versatile even for a saprotroph and is often found growing in clusters on woodchips, sawdust and compost heaps as well as directly from the ground or on trees. It may also appear in plant pots and greenhouses in colder countries in which it is not well equipped to survive outside.

<i>Leucoagaricus badhamii</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus badhamii is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae and genus Leucoagaricus. The flesh of this mushroom turns blood red when cut or bruised, hence its common name of blushing dapperling. These damaged areas may eventually turn brown or black and likewise the mushroom may discolour brown or black with age. All parts of the flesh display red staining aiding in identification.

<i>Leucocoprinus ianthinus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like several other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. It is not seen in plant pots with the same kind of regularity as the well known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and not seen in the wild as frequently as Leucocoprinus brebissonii.

Leucocoprinus straminellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. Leucocoprinus straminellus is described as being similar to the more commonly known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii but it is smaller and a lighter shade of yellow with smaller spores that lack a germ pore. It is also described as being superficially similar to Leucocoprinus fragilissimus but slightly more robust with flesh that is less translucent.

<i>Leucoagaricus meleagris</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus meleagris is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus cygneus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus medioflavus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus biornatus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus acutoumbonatus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus holospilotus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus pusillus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus wynneae is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus tenellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus martinicensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus fibrillosus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus bulbipes is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus antillarum is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

<i>Leucoagaricus croceovelutinus</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus croceovelutinus is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

References

  1. "Species fungorum - Leucocoprinus brunnescens (Peck) Pegler, Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 9: 422 (1983)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  2. "Mycobank Database - Leucocoprinus brunnescens".
  3. 1 2 3 4 Peck, Charles H. (1904). "New Species of Fungi". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 31 (4): 177–182. doi:10.2307/2478686. ISSN   0040-9618. JSTOR   2478686.
  4. 1 2 Locquin, Marcel (1945). "Notes sur les Lépiotes II (suite)". Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. 14 (5): 93. doi:10.3406/linly.1945.13215.
  5. "Species Fungorum - Leucoagaricus brunnescens (Peck) Bon, Docums Mycol. 11(no. 43): 62 (1981)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
  6. 1 2 Pegler, David N. (1983). Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin: Additional Series IX. ISBN   978-0-11-241180-2.
  7. "brunnescens", Wiktionary, 2019-07-21, retrieved 2022-07-23