Ligilactobacillus agilis consists of rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells that possess peritrichousflagella, a feature that allows active motility. Motility is uncommon among lactobacilli, making this species notable in that regard. It is facultatively anaerobic and homofermentative, primarily producing lactic acid from a variety of carbohydrate substrates. Optimal growth occurs at around 37°C, and the bacterium is tolerant to mildly acidic conditions and moderate salinity.
Ecology
Ligilactobacillus agilis has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of various animals, particularly poultry such as chickens, as well as pigs, rabbits, and pigeons. Studies in mouse models have shown that the bacterium localizes to the mucus layer of the small intestine, with motility enhancing its ability to colonize mucosal surfaces. It is chemotactic toward mucin and is capable of persisting in competitive microbial communities.[2]
Genomics
Whole genome sequencing has revealed a chromosome of approximately 2.6 megabases with a GC content of about 40.3%. The genome encodes proteins for flagellar assembly, sugar transport, and stress response mechanisms. Some strains also carry genes for bacteriocin production, including class IId bacteriocins.[3]
Potential applications
Ligilactobacillus agilis has been studied for its potential use as a probiotic, especially in animal feed for livestock and poultry. Its tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts, adherence to intestinal mucus, and antimicrobial activity support its candidacy for improving gut microbiota balance. In vitro assays and in vivo models have demonstrated its safety and efficacy, suggesting a role in promoting animal health and reducing antibiotic dependence in agricultural settings.[4]
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