Lincoln assassination flags

Last updated
The presidential box at Ford's Theatre, adorned with the American and Treasury Guard flags, two days after Booth's shooting of Lincoln. LincolnPresidentialBox.jpg
The presidential box at Ford's Theatre, adorned with the American and Treasury Guard flags, two days after Booth's shooting of Lincoln.

The Lincoln assassination flags were the five flags which decorated the presidential box of Ford's Theatre, and which were present during John Wilkes Booth's assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. Lincoln and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, were in this box watching a production of Our American Cousin . Booth's spur was allegedly caught by one of the flags when he began his escape from the theatre and broke his leg; this part of the story, however, is disputed. [1] Three of the flags were American flags and the other two were Treasury Guard flags. According to Civil War historians, three of these five original flags are currently accounted for. [2]

Contents

Treasury Guard flags

Hours before Lincoln's arrival at Ford's Theatre, theater owner, James R. Ford sent workers to find flags for the presidential box. The two Treasury Guard flags are from the United States Department of the Treasury, where they were returned the day after Lincoln's assassination. [2] (All five flags were removed after Lincoln was shot to prevent "souvenir hunters" from stealing them.) [3] After their return, the two Treasury Guard flags were displayed in parades honoring Civil War veterans and at the inauguration of President Andrew Johnson. [2]

One of the Treasury Guard flags, which is on display at the Connecticut Museum of Culture and History in Hartford, Connecticut, contains thirteen alternating red and white stripes and a blue canton with an oil painted eagle and 35 stars. The canton contains the words "Presented to Treasury Guard Regt. by the Ladies of the Treasury Dept. 1864." Experts agree that this flag was positioned on a pole to the left of Lincoln in the presidential booth. The flag is six-feet-square and made of silk. [3]

The flag was placed in storage at the Treasury Department, until a former captain of the watch took the flag. It eventually ended up in the hands of a Civil War veteran in Hartford who passed it along to his son, Dr. Robert M. Yergason. Yergason donated the flag to the Connecticut Historical Society in 1922. The flag remained in a storage area with other Civil War artifacts for 76 years, until it was rediscovered by a former head librarian in 1998. The flag was then restored at the Textile Conservation Workshop in New York City. [2]

After three years of researching, the Treasury Guard flag was deemed authentic by several prominent Civil War experts, including Harold Holzer, a vice president at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and author of 18 books on Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War and Howard Michael Madaus, chief curator of the National Civil War Museum in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

This flag is part of the Civil War Treasures exhibit at the Connecticut Museum of Culture and History and has been on display since 2001. It is behind glass and under a fine mesh to help preserve it. [2]

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Currier & Ives illustration of Lincoln's assassination, showing Lincoln clutching a flag hung to his left. The assassination of President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre.jpg
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Currier & Ives illustration of Lincoln's assassination, showing Lincoln clutching a flag hung to his left.

While some accounts and period illustrations suggest that Lincoln may have grasped this flag after being shot, or pushed the flag aside to watch the performance, these claims cannot be verified. However the proximity of the flag to Lincoln makes both scenarios possible. An illustration from Currier & Ives depicts the Lincoln assassination, showing Lincoln clutching a flag to his left. This flag, which is shown with red and white stripes and a blue canton with stars could be the Treasury Guard flag or an American flag. [2]

It has also been suggested that Booth may have caught his spur on the Treasury Guard flag while trying to escape after assassinating Lincoln. It is widely debated which flag, if any, Booth tripped over in the escape, breaking his leg. [3] [1]

The second Treasury Guard flag was placed at the front of the presidential box at Ford's Theatre, the night of Lincoln's assassination. This flag, which is dark blue, features an eagle, 34 stars and a banner with the words "U.S. Treasury Guards" below the emblem. A shield with vertical red and white stripes and a blue chief covers the eagle's chest. This flag is silk and measures 71.5" x 77.5". It is displayed at Ford's Theatre National Historical Site in Washington, D.C. A tear in this flag has led many to believe that it is the flag Booth tripped over in the escape. [4]

This Treasury flag was displayed at the Treasury Building after Lincoln's assassination. It was placed in a corridor outside the Secretary's suite. A reproduction of this flag, which even replicates the tear in the original, is still displayed there today. [5]

American flags

Of the three American flags displayed in the presidential booth the night of Lincoln's assassination, only one is accounted for. This flag, deemed the "Lincoln flag," is a 36-star flag used to cushion Lincoln's head after he was shot. It is kept at the Pike County Historical Society located at The Columns Museum in Milford, Pennsylvania. President of the Lincoln Group of New York, Joseph E. Garrera studied the Lincoln Flag independently for one year. In his research document, The Lincoln flag of the Pike County Historical Society, Garrera confirms his findings, declaring the Lincoln flag genuine.

The blood stains on the flag were tested twice, and both tests showed the stains were from human blood. The blood stains were contact stains, and in his forensic research, Garrera found them consistent with the type of stain that would occur in such a situation. He also tested the material used in manufacturing the flag, policies at that time on displaying the American flags in ceremonies and the disposition of all the flags at Ford's Theatre. All of Garrera's tests prove the flag is authentic.

In tracing the events of the night of Lincoln's assassination, Garrera found that Laura Keene, the star of that evening's performance of "Our American Cousin" pulled the flag to the floor and placed it partially under Lincoln's head, which she cradled in her lap. After Lincoln was moved across the street to the Petersen House, part-time stage manager Thomas Gourley took the flag from the booth. In the 1880s he gave it to his daughter, Jeannie Gourlay Struthers, who passed it along to her son V. Paul Struthers. In 1954 he donated the flag to the Pike County Historical Society with an unbroken oral history of the flag's ownership dating back to the day of Lincoln's assassination.

Nationally known Lincoln scholars like Michael Maione, Historian at Ford's Theatre; Dr. Wayne Temple, Director of the Illinois State Archives; Dr. Edward Steers, Jr., a Lincoln assassination expert; Frank J. Williams, Chairman of the Lincoln Forum and others agree with Garrera's findings that the Lincoln flag is authentic. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Wilkes Booth</span> American stage actor and assassin (1838–1865)

John Wilkes Booth was an American stage actor who assassinated United States President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. A member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland, he was a noted actor who was also a Confederate sympathizer; denouncing President Lincoln, he lamented the then-recent abolition of slavery in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford's Theatre</span> Theater in Washington, DC

Ford's Theatre is a theater located in Washington, D.C., which opened in 1863. The theater is infamous for being the site of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. On the night of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth entered the theater box where Lincoln was watching a performance of Tom Taylor's play Our American Cousin, slipped the single-shot, 5.87-inch derringer from his pocket and fired at Lincoln's head. After being shot, the fatally wounded Lincoln was carried across the street to the nearby Petersen House, where he died the next morning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laura Keene</span> English actress

Laura Keene was a British stage actress and theatre manager. In her twenty-year career, she became known as the first powerful female manager in New York. She is most famous for being the lead actress in the play Our American Cousin, which was attended by President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington on the evening of his assassination.

<i>Abraham Lincoln</i> (1930 film) 1930 film

Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's "Abraham Lincoln", is a 1930 pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars Walter Huston as Lincoln and Una Merkel, in her second speaking role, as Ann Rutledge. The script was co-written by Stephen Vincent Benét, author of the Civil War prose poem John Brown's Body (1928), and Gerrit Lloyd. This was the first of only two sound films made by Griffith.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum</span> Presidential library and museum for U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, located in Springfield, Illinois

The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum documents the life of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln, and the course of the American Civil War. Combining traditional scholarship with 21st-century showmanship techniques, the museum ranks as one of the most visited presidential libraries. Its library, in addition to housing an extensive collection on Lincoln, also houses the collection of the Illinois State Historical Library, founded by the state in 1889. The library and museum is located in the state capital of Springfield, Illinois, and is overseen as an agency of state government. It is not affiliated with the U.S. National Archives and its system of libraries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clara Harris</span> American socialite (1834–1883)

Clara Hamilton Harris was an American socialite. She and her then fiancé, and future husband, Henry Rathbone, were the guests of President Abraham Lincoln the night he was assassinated at Ford's Theatre. Rathbone's mental state deteriorated after the assassination, and in 1883, Harris was fatally shot by him.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otto Eisenschiml</span> American historian

Otto Eisenschiml was an Austrian-born chemist and industrial executive in the American oil industry, and a controversial author. He may be best known for his provocative 1937 book on the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in which he proposed that a senior member of Lincoln's Cabinet orchestrated the plot to kill the president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petersen House</span> House in Washington, D.C.

The Petersen House is a 19th-century federal style row house in the United States in Washington, D.C., located at 516 10th Street NW, several blocks east of the White House. On April 15, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln died there after being shot the previous evening at Ford's Theatre, located across the street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel J. Seymour</span> Last surviving witness of Abraham Lincolns assassination (1860-1956)

Samuel James Seymour was an American man who claimed to be the last surviving person to witness the assassination of U.S. President Lincoln on April 14, 1865.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Rathbone</span> US military officer and diplomat (1837–1911)

Henry Reed Rathbone was a United States military officer and lawyer who was present at the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Rathbone was sitting by Lincoln when the president was fatally shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre; when Rathbone attempted to prevent Booth from fleeing, Booth stabbed and seriously wounded him. Rathbone's mental state deteriorated after the assassination, and in 1883, he fatally shot his wife, Clara Harris, in a fit of madness, later being declared insane by doctors and living the rest of his life in a lunatic asylum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assassination of Abraham Lincoln</span> 1865 murder in Washington, D.C., US

On April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. Shot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died of his wounds the following day at 7:22 am in the Petersen House opposite the theater. He was the first U.S. president to be assassinated. His funeral and burial were marked by an extended period of national mourning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Leale</span> American surgeon (1842–1932)

Charles Augustus Leale was a surgeon in the Union Army during the American Civil War and the first doctor to arrive at the presidential box at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865, after John Wilkes Booth fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln in the head. His prompt treatment allowed Lincoln to live until the next morning. Leale continued to serve in the army until 1866, after which he returned to his home town of New York City where he established a successful private practice and became involved in charitable medical care. One of the last surviving witnesses to Lincoln's death, Leale died in 1932 at the age of 90.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edmund Spangler</span> Stagehand at Fords Theatre

Edman "Ned" Spangler, baptized Edmund Spangler, was an American carpenter and stagehand who was employed at Ford's Theatre at the time of President Abraham Lincoln's murder on April 14, 1865. He and seven others were charged in conspiring to assassinate Lincoln and three other high level government officials. Spangler was the only one found not guilty of the conspiracy charge. Even so, he was found guilty of helping Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth, escape and sentenced to six years of hard labor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln</span>

Since his death in 1865, Abraham Lincoln has been an iconic American figure depicted, usually favorably or heroically, in many forms. Lincoln has often been portrayed by Hollywood, almost always in a flattering light. He has been depicted in a wide range of forms including alternative timelines, animation, documentary, small cameos, and fictionalized interpretations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend</span> Urban legend

There are many claimed coincidences with the assassinations of U.S. Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy's assassinations and these have become a piece of American folklore. The list of coincidences appeared in the mainstream American press in 1964, a year after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, having appeared prior to that in the GOP Congressional Committee Newsletter. In the 1970s, Martin Gardner examined the list in an article in Scientific American, pointing out that several of the claimed coincidences were based on misinformation. Gardner's version of the list contained 16 items; many subsequent versions have circulated much longer lists.

<i>Our American Cousin</i> (opera)

Our American Cousin is a 2008 opera in three acts by American composer Eric Sawyer with libretto by poet John Shoptaw. The opera depicts the assassination of Abraham Lincoln from the standpoint of the actors presenting Tom Taylor's play of the same name at Ford's Theatre at the end of the American Civil War. It aims to offer something new in the realm of American contemporary opera, an American myth told in an unfamiliar way, with both poetic and musical language drawing from the past but refracted through the present.

<i>The Conspirator</i> 2010 American historical drama film by Robert Redford

The Conspirator is a 2010 American mystery historical drama film directed by Robert Redford and based on an original screenplay by James D. Solomon. It is the debut film of the American Film Company. The film tells the story of Mary Surratt, the only female conspirator charged in the Abraham Lincoln assassination and the first woman to be executed by the US federal government. It stars James McAvoy, Robin Wright, Justin Long, Evan Rachel Wood, Jonathan Groff, Tom Wilkinson, Alexis Bledel, Kevin Kline, John Cullum, Toby Kebbell, and James Badge Dale.

<i>Killing Lincoln</i> 2011 popular history book

Killing Lincoln: The Shocking Assassination That Changed America Forever is a book by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard concerning the 1865 assassination of U.S. president Abraham Lincoln. The book was released on September 27, 2011, and is the first of the Killing series of popular history books by O'Reilly and Dugard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Statue of Abraham Lincoln (District of Columbia City Hall)</span> Statue by Lot Flannery in Washington, D.C., U.S.

Abraham Lincoln is a marble sculpture of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln by Irish artist Lot Flannery, located in front of the old District of Columbia City Hall in Washington, D.C., United States. The statue is the nation's oldest extant memorial to the president and was installed several blocks from Ford's Theatre, where Lincoln was assassinated. Flannery was present at the theater on the night of Lincoln's assassination.

References

  1. 1 2 Gary, Ralph (2001). Following in Lincoln's Footsteps: A Complete Annotated Reference to Hundreds of Historical Sites Visited by Abraham Lincoln. New York: Carroll & Graf. pp. 360–361. ISBN   978-0-7867-1068-3. Most historians feel that Booth broke his leg at this point, although there is some evidence and argument that it may have been broken when his horse fell crossing into Maryland.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zielbauer, Paul. "Found in Clutter, A Relic of Lincoln's Death", The New York Times, July 5, 2001. Accessed September 2, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 Singer, Steven. "Flag unveiled that was in Lincoln's theater box", Chicago Sun-Times, July 6, 2001. Accessed September 2, 2011.
  4. "U.S. Treasury Guards Flag", National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Accessed Aug. 1, 2007.
  5. "Fact Sheets: Treasury Building, Andrew Johnson Suite", National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury. Accessed September 2, 2011.
  6. "The Lincoln Flag". Pike County Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2011.