List of Araneidae species: N–Z Last updated March 28, 2022
This page lists all described species of the spider family Araneidae as of Dec. 21, 2016, that start with letters N through Z.
Nemoscolus Nemoscolus Simon, 1895
Nemoscolus affinis Lessert, 1933 — Congo Nemoscolus caudifer Strand, 1906 — West Africa Nemoscolus cotti Lessert, 1933 — Mozambique Nemoscolus elongatus Lawrence, 1947 — South Africa Nemoscolus kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1947 — Uganda Nemoscolus lateplagiatis Simon, 1907 — Guinea-Bissau Nemoscolus laurae (Simon, 1868) (type species ) — Western Mediterranean Nemoscolus niger Caporiacco, 1936 — Libya Nemoscolus obscurus Simon, 1897 — South Africa Nemoscolus rectifrons Roewer, 1961 — Senegal Nemoscolus semilugens Denis, 1966 — Libya Nemoscolus tubicola (Simon, 1887) — South Africa Nemoscolus turricola Berland, 1933 — Mali Nemoscolus vigintipunctatus Simon, 1897 — South Africa Nemoscolus waterloti Berland, 1920 — MadagascarNeoscona Neoscona Simon, 1864
Neoscona achine (Simon, 1906) — India, China Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) — Palearctic Neoscona adianta persecta (Schenkel, 1936) — China Neoscona alberti (Strand, 1913) — Central, Southern Africa Neoscona albertoi Barrion-Dupo, 2008 — Philippines Neoscona aldinei Barrion-Dupo, 2008 — Philippines Neoscona amamiensis Tanikawa, 1998 — Japan Neoscona ampoyae Barrion-Dupo, 2008 — Philippines Neoscona angulatula (Schenkel, 1937) — Madagascar, Aldabra, Kenya Neoscona arabesca (Walckenaer, 1841) (type species ) — North, Central America, West Indies Neoscona bengalensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 — India, Pakistan Neoscona bihumpi Patel, 1988 — India Neoscona biswasi Bhandari & Gajbe, 2001 — India Neoscona blondeli (Simon, 1886) — Africa Neoscona bomdilaensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 — India Neoscona bucheti (Lessert, 1930) — Congo Neoscona bucheti avakubiensis (Lessert, 1930) — CongoNeoscona bucheti flexuosa (Lessert, 1930) — Congo, Yemen Neoscona byzanthina (Pavesi, 1876) — France, Turkey Neoscona cereolella (Strand, 1907) — Congo, East Africa, Madagascar Neoscona cereolella setaceola (Strand, 1913) — Central Africa Neoscona cheesmanae (Berland, 1938) — New Hebrides Neoscona chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) — West, Central, East Africa Neoscona chongzuoensis Zhang & Zhang, 2011 — China Neoscona chrysanthusi Tikader & Bal, 1981 — Bhutan, India, Pakistan Neoscona crucifera (Lucas, 1838) — North America, Canary Islands, Madeira, Hawaii Neoscona dhruvai Patel & Nigam, 1994 — India Neoscona dhumani Patel & Reddy, 1993 — India Neoscona domiciliorum (Hentz, 1847) — USA Neoscona dostinikea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines Neoscona dyali Gajbe, 2004 — India Neoscona facundoi Barrion-Dupo, 2008 — Philippines Neoscona flavescens Zhang & Zhang, 2011 — China Neoscona goliath (Benoit, 1963) — Ivory Coast Neoscona govindai Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 - Bangladesh Neoscona hirta (C. L. Koch, 1844) — Central, Southern Africa Neoscona holmi (Schenkel, 1953) — China, Korea Neoscona huzaifi Mukhtar, 2012 — Pakistan Neoscona jinghongensis Yin et al., 1990 — China Neoscona kabiri Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 - Bangladesh Neoscona kisangani Grasshoff, 1986 — Congo Neoscona kivuensis Grasshoff, 1986 — Congo Neoscona kunmingensis Yin et al., 1990 — China Neoscona lactea (Saito, 1933) — Taiwan Neoscona leucaspis (Schenkel, 1963) — China Neoscona lipana Barrion-Dupo, 2008 — Philippines Neoscona lotan Levy, 2007 — Israel Neoscona maculaticeps (L. Koch, 1871) — Japan, Samoa Neoscona marcanoi Levi, 1993 — Cuba, Hispaniola Neoscona mellotteei (Simon, 1895) — China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan Neoscona menghaiensis Yin et al., 1990 — China Neoscona molemensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 — Bangladesh, India to Philippines, Indonesia Neoscona moreli (Vinson, 1863) — Cuba to Argentina, Africa to Seychelles Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, 1980 — India, Pakistan Neoscona multiplicans (Chamberlin, 1924) — China, Korea, Japan Neoscona murthyi Patel & Reddy, 1990 — India Neoscona nasidae Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 - Bangladesh Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875) — Cosmotropical Neoscona novella (Simon, 1907) — Bioko Neoscona oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) — USA to Peru, Galapagos Islands Neoscona odites (Simon, 1906) — India Neoscona oriemindoroana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines Neoscona orientalis (Urquhart, 1887) — New Zealand Neoscona orizabensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — Mexico Neoscona parambikulamensis Patel, 2003 — India Neoscona pavida (Simon, 1906) — India, Pakistan, China Neoscona penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) — West, Central Africa Neoscona platnicki Gajbe & Gajbe, 2001 — India Neoscona plebeja (L. Koch, 1871) — Fiji, Tonga, Funafuti, Rapa Neoscona polyspinipes Yin et al., 1990 — China Neoscona pratensis (Hentz, 1847) — USA, Canada Neoscona pseudonautica Yin et al., 1990 — China, Korea Neoscona pseudoscylla (Schenkel, 1953) — China Neoscona punctigera (Doleschall, 1857) — Reunion to Japan Neoscona quadrigibbosa Grasshoff, 1986 — Central, Southern Africa Neoscona quincasea Roberts, 1983 — Central, Southern Africa, Aldabra Neoscona rahamani Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 - Bangladesh Neoscona rapta (Thorell, 1899) — Africa Neoscona raydakensis Saha et al., 1995 — India Neoscona rufipalpis (Lucas, 1858) — Africa, St. Helena, Cape Verde Islands, Yemen Neoscona rufipalpis buettnerana (Strand, 1908) — Cameroon, Togo Neoscona sanghi Gajbe, 2004 — India Neoscona sanjivani Gajbe, 2004 — India Neoscona scylla (Karsch, 1879) — Russia, China, Korea, Japan Neoscona scylloides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) — China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan Neoscona semilunaris (Karsch, 1879) — China, Korea, Japan Neoscona shillongensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 — India, Pakistan, China Neoscona simoni Grasshoff, 1986 — Central Africa Neoscona sinhagadensis (Tikader, 1975) — India, Pakistan, China Neoscona sodom Levy, 1998 — Israel Neoscona stanleyi (Lessert, 1930) — Congo Neoscona subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) — Old World Neoscona subfusca alboplagiata Caporiacco, 1947 — TanzaniaNeoscona subfusca pallidior (Thorell, 1899) — Bioko Neoscona subpullata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) — China, Korea, Japan Neoscona tedgenica (Bakhvalov, 1978) — Central Asia Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1841) — India, China to Pacific Islands Neoscona theisi carbonaria (Simon, 1909) — VietnamNeoscona theisi feisiana (Strand, 1911) — Caroline IslandsNeoscona theisi savesi (Simon, 1880) — New CaledoniaNeoscona theisi theisiella (Tullgren, 1910) — West, Central, East Africa, YemenNeoscona theisi triangulifera (Thorell, 1878) — New Guinea Neoscona tianmenensis Yin et al., 1990 — China, Korea Neoscona triangula (Keyserling, 1864) — Cape Verde to India Neoscona triangula mensamontella (Strand, 1907) — Madagascar Neoscona triramusa Yin & Zhao, 1994 — China Neoscona ujavalai Reddy & Patel, 1992 — India Neoscona usbonga Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines Neoscona utahana (Chamberlin, 1919) — USA, Mexico Neoscona vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) — Africa to Philippines, New Guinea Neoscona xiquanensis Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 - China Neoscona xishanensis Yin et al., 1990 — China Neoscona yadongensis Yin et al., 1990 — China Neoscona yptinika Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — India, Philippines Neoscona zhui Zhang & Zhang, 2011 — ChinaNephila Nephila Leach, 1815
Nephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) — China, Philippines to New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Queensland Nephila clavata L. Koch, 1878 — India to Japan Nephila clavata caerulescens Ono, 2011 — Japan Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) — USA to Argentina, São Tomé Nephila clavipes fasciculata (De Geer, 1778) — USA to ArgentinaNephila clavipes vespucea (Walckenaer, 1841) — Argentina Nephila comorana Strand, 1916 — Comoro Islands Nephila constricta Karsch, 1879 — Tropical Africa Nephila cornuta (Pallas, 1772) — Guyana Nephila dirangensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 — India Nephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) — Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand Nephila fenestrata Thorell, 1859 — South Africa Nephila fenestrata fuelleborni Dahl, 1912 — East AfricaNephila fenestrata venusta (Blackwall, 1865) — West, Central Africa Nephila inaurata (Walckenaer, 1841) — Mauritius, Rodriguez, Réunion Nephila inaurata madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) — South Africa to Seychelles Nephila komaci Kuntner & Coddington, 2009 — South Africa, Madagascar Nephila kuhlii (Doleschall, 1859) — India to Sulawesi Nephila laurinae Thorell, 1881 — China to Solomon Islands Nephila pakistaniensis Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 — Pakistan Nephila pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) — India to China, Philippines, northeastern Australia Nephila pilipes malagassa (Strand, 1907) — Madagascar Nephila plumipes (Latreille, 1804) — Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Ireland Nephila robusta Tikader, 1962 — India Nephila senegalensis (Walckenaer, 1841) — West Africa to Ethiopia Nephila senegalensis annulata (Thorell, 1859) — Namibia, South AfricaNephila senegalensis bragantina Brito Capello, 1867 — Central AfricaNephila senegalensis hildebrandti Dahl, 1912 — MadagascarNephila senegalensis huebneri Dahl, 1912 — East AfricaNephila senegalensis keyserlingi (Blackwall, 1865) — Congo, East AfricaNephila senegalensis nyikae Pocock, 1898 — East AfricaNephila senegalensis schweinfurthi Simon, 1890 — Yemen Nephila sexpunctata Giebel, 1867 — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina Nephila sumptuosa Gerstäcker, 1873 — East Africa, Socotra Nephila tetragnathoides (Walckenaer, 1841) — Fiji, Tonga, Niue Nephila turneri Blackwall, 1833 — West, Central Africa Nephila turneri orientalis Benoit, 1964 — Central, East Africa Nephila vitiana (Walckenaer, 1847) — Indonesia, Sulawesi, to Fiji, TongaOcrepeira Ocrepeira Marx, 1883
Ocrepeira abiseo Levi, 1993 — Peru Ocrepeira albopunctata (Taczanowski, 1879) — Peru, Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana Ocrepeira anta Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira aragua Levi, 1993 — Venezuela Ocrepeira arturi Levi, 1993 — Panama Ocrepeira atuncela Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira barbara Levi, 1993 — Peru Ocrepeira bispinosa (Mello-Leitao, 1945) — Brazil Ocrepeira branta Levi, 1993 — Jamaica Ocrepeira camaca Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira comaina Levi, 1993 — Peru Ocrepeira covillei Levi, 1993 — Costa Rica, Trinidad to Bolivia Ocrepeira cuy Levi, 1993 — Peru Ocrepeira darlingtoni (Bryant, 1945) — Hispaniola Ocrepeira duocypha (Chamberlin, 1916) — Peru Ocrepeira ectypa (Walckenaer, 1841) (type species ) — USA Ocrepeira fiebrigi (Dahl, 1906) — Brazil, Paraguay Ocrepeira galianoae Levi, 1993 — Brazil, Argentina Ocrepeira georgia (Levi, 1976) — USA Ocrepeira gima Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira globosa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) — USA, Mexico Ocrepeira gnomo (Mello-Leitao, 1943) — Brazil Ocrepeira gulielmi Levi, 1993 — Colombia, Ecuador Ocrepeira heredia Levi, 1993 — Costa Rica Ocrepeira herrera Levi, 1993 — Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Ocrepeira hirsuta (Mello-Leitao, 1942) — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina Ocrepeira hondura Levi, 1993 — Costa Rica Ocrepeira incerta (Bryant, 1936) — Cuba Ocrepeira ituango Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira jacara Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira jamora Levi, 1993 — Ecuador Ocrepeira klossi Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira lapeza Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira lisei Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira lurida (Mello-Leitao, 1943) — Bolivia, Argentina Ocrepeira macaiba Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira macintyrei Levi, 1993 — Ecuador Ocrepeira magdalena Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira malleri Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira maltana Levi, 1993 — Peru Ocrepeira maraca Levi, 1993 — Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil Ocrepeira maroni Dierkens, 2014 - French Guiana Ocrepeira mastophoroides (Mello-Leitao, 1942) — Argentina Ocrepeira molle Levi, 1993 — Bolivia, Argentina Ocrepeira pedregal Levi, 1993 — Mexico, Nicaragua Ocrepeira pinhal Levi, 1993 — Brazil Ocrepeira pista Levi, 1993 — Peru Ocrepeira planada Levi, 1993 — Colombia, Ecuador Ocrepeira potosi Levi, 1993 — Mexico Ocrepeira redempta (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) — USA to Honduras Ocrepeira redondo Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira rufa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Mexico to Costa Rica Ocrepeira saladito Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira serrallesi (Bryant, 1947) — West Indies Ocrepeira sorota Levi, 1993 — Bolivia Ocrepeira steineri Levi, 1993 — Venezuela Ocrepeira subrufa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) — Mexico to Panama Ocrepeira tinajillas Levi, 1993 — Colombia, Ecuador Ocrepeira tumida (Keyserling, 1865) — Colombia, Ecuador Ocrepeira tungurahua Levi, 1993 — Ecuador Ocrepeira valderramai Levi, 1993 — Colombia Ocrepeira venustula (Keyserling, 1879) — Colombia to Chile Ocrepeira verecunda (Keyserling, 1865) — Colombia Ocrepeira viejo Levi, 1993 — Costa Rica to Peru Ocrepeira willisi Levi, 1993 — Panama Ocrepeira yaelae Levi, 1993 — Ecuador Ocrepeira yucatan Levi, 1993 — MexicoOrdgarius Ordgarius Keyserling, 1886
Ordgarius acanthonotus (Simon, 1909) — Vietnam Ordgarius bicolor Pocock, 1899 — New Britain Ordgarius clypeatus Simon, 1897 — Amboina Ordgarius ephippiatus Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar Ordgarius furcatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) — New South Wales Ordgarius furcatus distinctus (Rainbow, 1900) — New South Wales Ordgarius hexaspinus Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2004 — India Ordgarius hobsoni (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) — India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan Ordgarius magnificus (Rainbow, 1897) — Queensland, New South Wales Ordgarius monstrosus Keyserling, 1886 (type species ) — Queensland Ordgarius pustulosus Thorell, 1897 — Java Ordgarius sexspinosus (Thorell, 1894) — India to Japan, IndonesiaParaplectana Paraplectana Brito Capello, 1867
Paraplectana coccinella (Thorell, 1890) — Myanmar, Nias Islands Paraplectana duodecimmaculata Simon, 1897 — Java Paraplectana gravelyi (Tikader, 1961) - India Paraplectana hemisphaerica (C. L. Koch, 1844) — Sierra Leone Paraplectana kittenbergeri Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania Paraplectana multimaculata Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon, East Africa Paraplectana rajashree Ahmed et al., 2015 - India Paraplectana sakaguchii Uyemura, 1938 — China, Japan Paraplectana thorntoni (Blackwall, 1865) (type species ) — Central Africa, Yemen Paraplectana thorntoni occidentalis Strand, 1916 — West, Central Africa Paraplectana tsushimensis Yamaguchi, 1960 — China, Taiwan, Japan Paraplectana walleri (Blackwall, 1865) — West, Central Africa, Madagascar Paraplectana walleri ashantensis Strand, 1907 — GhanaPararaneus Pararaneus Caporiacco, 1940
Pararaneus cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (type species ) — Central, East, Southern Africa, Socotra Pararaneus perforatus (Thorell, 1899) — Central, East, Southern Africa Pararaneus pseudostriatus (Strand, 1908) — Central, East Africa Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1885) — Africa, Middle East Pararaneus uncivulva (Strand, 1907) — MadagascarParawixia Parawixia F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904
Parawixia acapulco Levi, 1992 — Mexico Parawixia audax (Blackwall, 1863) — Colombia to Argentina Parawixia barbacoas Levi, 1992 — Colombia, Ecuador Parawixia bistriata (Rengger, 1836) — Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina Parawixia casa Levi, 1992 — Colombia Parawixia chubut Levi, 2001 — Chile, Argentina Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) — India to Philippines, New Guinea Parawixia dehaani octopunctigera (Strand, 1911) — New IrelandParawixia dehaani pygituberculata (Strand, 1911) — New Ireland, SulawesiParawixia dehaani quadripunctigera (Strand, 1911) — Aru Islands Parawixia destricta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (type species ) — Mexico to Panama Parawixia divisoria Levi, 1992 — Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia Parawixia guatemalensis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Mexico, Guatemala Parawixia honesta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1899) — Mexico Parawixia hoxaea (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Guatemala to Panama Parawixia hypocrita (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Guatemala to Brazil Parawixia inopinata Camargo , 1950 — Brazil Parawixia kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) — Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana Parawixia maldonado Levi, 1992 — Peru Parawixia matiapa Levi, 1992 — Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil Parawixia monticola (Keyserling, 1892) — Brazil Parawixia nesophila Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 — Costa Rica, Panama Parawixia ouro Levi, 1992 — Peru, Brazil Parawixia porvenir Levi, 1992 — Colombia Parawixia rigida (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Guatemala to Panama Parawixia rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) — Costa Rica to Bolivia Parawixia tarapoa Levi, 1992 — Ecuador, Peru, Brazil Parawixia tomba Levi, 1992 — Peru, Brazil Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles Parawixia undulata (Keyserling, 1892) — Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina Parawixia velutina (Taczanowski, 1878) — Colombia to ArgentinaPasilobus Pasilobus Simon, 1895
Pasilobus antongilensis Emerit, 2000 — Madagascar Pasilobus bufoninus (Simon, 1867) (type species ) — Taiwan, Java, Moluccas Pasilobus capuroni Emerit, 2000 — Madagascar Pasilobus conohumeralis (Hasselt, 1894) — Sumatra, Java Pasilobus dippenaarae Roff & Haddad, 2015 - South Africa Pasilobus hupingensis Yin, Bao & Kim, 2001 — China, Japan Pasilobus insignis O. P.-Cambridge, 1908 — West Africa Pasilobus kotigeharus Tikader, 1963 — India Pasilobus laevis Lessert, 1930 — Congo Pasilobus lunatus Simon, 1897 — Java, Sulawesi Pasilobus mammatus Pocock, 1898 — Solomon Islands Pasilobus mammosus (Pocock, 1899) — West Africa Pasilobus nigrohumeralis (Hasselt, 1882) — SumatraPlebs Plebs Joseph & Framenau, 2012
Plebs arleneae Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Queensland, New South Wales Plebs arletteae Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Lord Howe Island Plebs astridae (Strand, 1917) — China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan Plebs aurea (Saito, 1934) — Japan Plebs baotianmanensis (Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991) — China Plebs bradleyi (Keyserling, 1887) — Southeastern Australia, Tasmania Plebs cyphoxis (Simon, 1908) — Western Australia, South Australia Plebs eburnus (Keyserling, 1886) (type species ) — Eastern Australia, Tasmania Plebs himalayaensis (Tikader, 1975) — India, possibly China Plebs mitratus (Simon, 1895) — India Plebs neocaledonicus (Berland, 1924) — New Caledonia Plebs oculosus (Zhu & Song, 1994) — China Plebs opacus Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Vanuatu Plebs patricius Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Victoria, Tasmania Plebs plumiopedellus (Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987) — China, Taiwan Plebs poecilus (Zhu & Wang, 1994) — China Plebs rosemaryae Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Queensland, Norfolk Islands Plebs sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) — Russia, China, Korea, Japan Plebs salesi Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — New Guinea Plebs sebastiani Joseph & Framenau, 2012 — Philippines Plebs tricentrus (Zhu & Song, 1994) — China Plebs yanbaruensis (Tanikawa, 2000) — JapanPoltys Poltys C. L. Koch, 1843
Poltys acuminatus Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar Poltys apiculatus Thorell, 1892 — Singapore Poltys baculiger Simon, 1907 — Gabon Poltys bhabanii (Tikader, 1970) — India Poltys bhavnagarensis Patel, 1988 — India Poltys caelatus Simon, 1907 — Sierra Leone, Gabon, Sao Tome Poltys columnaris Thorell, 1890 — India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Japan Poltys corticosus Pocock, 1898 — East Africa Poltys dubius (Walckenaer, 1841) — Vietnam Poltys elevatus Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra Poltys ellipticus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 — China Poltys fornicatus Simon, 1907 — Principe Poltys frenchi Hogg, 1899 — New Guinea, Moluccas, Queensland Poltys furcifer Simon, 1881 — Zanzibar, South Africa Poltys godrejii Bastawade & Khandal, 2006 — India Poltys grayi Smith, 2006 — Lord Howe Islands Poltys hainanensis Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 — China Poltys horridus Locket, 1980 — Comoro Islands, Seychelles Poltys idae (Ausserer, 1871) — Borneo Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 (type species ) — Thailand to Australia, Lord Howe Islands, Norfolk Islands Poltys jujorum Smith, 2006 — Queensland Poltys kochi Keyserling, 1864 — Mauritius, Madagascar Poltys laciniosus Keyserling, 1886 — Australia Poltys longitergus Hogg, 1919 — Sumatra Poltys milledgei Smith, 2006 — Western Australia, Northern Territory, Bali, Sumbawa Poltys monstrosus Simon, 1897 — Sierra Leone Poltys mouhoti (Günther, 1862) — Vietnam Poltys nagpurensis Tikader, 1982 — India Poltys nigrinus Saito, 1933 — Taiwan Poltys noblei Smith, 2006 — Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria Poltys pannuceus Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar Poltys pogonias Thorell, 1891 — Nicobar Islands Poltys pygmaeus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 — China Poltys raphanus Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar Poltys rehmanii Bastawade & Khandal, 2006 — India Poltys reuteri Lenz, 1886 — Madagascar Poltys squarrosus Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar Poltys stygius Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar to Queensland Poltys timmeh Smith, 2006 — New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands Poltys turriger Simon, 1897 — Vietnam Poltys turritus Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar Poltys unguifer Simon, 1909 — Vietnam Poltys vesicularis Simon, 1889 — MadagascarPrasonica Prasonica Simon, 1895
Prasonica affinis Strand, 1906 — Algeria Prasonica albolimbata Simon, 1895 (type species ) — Congo, Madagascar, Yemen Prasonica anarillea Roberts, 1983 — Aldabra Prasonica hamata Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon Prasonica insolens (Simon, 1909) — India, Vietnam, Java Prasonica nigrotaeniata (Simon, 1909) — West, Central, East Africa Prasonica olivacea Strand, 1906 — Ethiopia Prasonica opaciceps (Simon, 1895) — New Guinea Prasonica plagiata (Dalmas, 1917) — New Zealand Prasonica seriata Simon, 1895 — Africa, Madagascar, SeychellesPronoides Pronoides Schenkel, 1936
Pronoides applanatus Mi & Peng, 2013 — China Pronoides brunneus Schenkel, 1936 (type species ) — Russia, China, Korea, Japan Pronoides fusinus Mi & Peng, 2013 — China Pronoides guoi Mi & Peng, 2013 — China Pronoides sutaiensis Zhang, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 — China Pronoides trapezius Mi & Peng, 2013 — ChinaPronous Pronous Keyserling, 1881
Pronous affinis Simon, 1901 — Malaysia Pronous beatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893) — Mexico to Costa Rica Pronous colon Levi, 1995 — Costa Rica Pronous felipe Levi, 1995 — Mexico Pronous golfito Levi, 1995 — Costa Rica Pronous intus Levi, 1995 — Costa Rica to Brazil Pronous lancetilla Levi, 1995 — Honduras Pronous nigripes Caporiacco, 1947 — Guyana Pronous pance Levi, 1995 — Colombia Pronous peje Levi, 1995 — Costa Rica, Panama Pronous quintana Levi, 1995 — Mexico Pronous shanus Levi, 1995 — Panama Pronous tetralobus Simon, 1895 — Madagascar Pronous tuberculifer Keyserling, 1881 (type species ) — Colombia to Argentina Pronous valle Levi, 1995 — Colombia Pronous wixoides (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) — Panama, Colombia, EcuadorSinga Singa C. L. Koch, 1836
Singa albobivittata Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania Singa albodorsata Kauri, 1950 — South Africa Singa alpigena Yin, Wang & Li, 1983 — China Singa alpigenoides Song & Zhu, 1992 — China Singa ammophila Levy, 2007 — Israel Singa aussereri Thorell, 1873 — Europe Singa bifasciata Schenkel, 1936 — China Singa chota Tikader, 1970 — India Singa concinna Karsch, 1884 — Sao Tome Singa cruciformis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994 — China Singa cyanea (Worley, 1928) — USA Singa eugeni Levi, 1972 — USA Singa haddooensis Tikader, 1977 — Andaman Islands Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757) (type species ) — Palearctic Singa hilira Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines Singa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 — China Singa keyserlingi McCook, 1894 — USA, Canada Singa lawrencei (Lessert, 1930) — Congo Singa leucoplagiata (Simon, 1899) — Sumatra Singa lucina (Audouin, 1826) — Mediterranean to Central Asia Singa lucina eburnea (Simon, 1929) — Algeria, Tunisia Singa myrrhea (Simon, 1895) — India Singa neta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) — Mediterranean Singa nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844 — Palearctic Singa perpolita (Thorell, 1892) — Singapore Singa semiatra L. Koch, 1867 — Mediterranean, Ukraine Singa simoniana Costa, 1885 — Sardinia Singa theodori (Thorell, 1894) — JavaSiwa Siwa Grasshoff, 1970
Testudinaria Testudinaria Taczanowski, 1879
Testudinaria bonaldoi Levi, 2005 — Brazil Testudinaria debsmithae Levi, 2005 — Suriname to Peru, Bolivia Testudinaria elegans Taczanowski, 1879 — Panama to Peru Testudinaria geometrica Taczanowski, 1879 (type species ) — Panama to Peru, Brazil Testudinaria gravatai Levi, 2005 — Brazil Testudinaria lemniscata (Simon, 1893) — Brazil Testudinaria quadripunctata Taczanowski, 1879 — Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil Testudinaria rosea (Mello-Leitao, 1945) — Argentina Testudinaria unipunctata (Simon, 1893) — BrazilVerrucosa Verrucosa McCook, 1888
Verrucosa alvarengai Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa apuela Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Ecuador Verrucosa arenata (Walckenaer, 1841) (type species ) — USA to Panama, Greater Antilles Verrucosa avilesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Ecuador, Colombia Verrucosa bartica Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Guyana Verrucosa benavidesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia, Peru Verrucosa brachiscapa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Ecuador Verrucosa cachimbo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa cajamarca Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Peru Verrucosa caninde Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa canje Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Guyana Verrucosa carara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Costa Rica Verrucosa chanchamayo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Peru Verrucosa coroico Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Bolivia Verrucosa cuyabenoensis Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Ecuador, Bolivia Verrucosa cuyuni Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Guyana Verrucosa cylicophora (Badcock, 1932) - Brazil, Paraguay Verrucosa excavata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa florezi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa furcifera (Keyserling, 1886) — Queensland Verrucosa galianoae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa guatopo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Venezuela Verrucosa hoferi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa lampra (Soares & Camargo, 1948) - Brazil Verrucosa lata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa latigastra Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Guyana, Brazil Verrucosa levii Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa macarena Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa manauara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa meridionalis (Keyserling, 1892) — Brazil, Paraguay Verrucosa meta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa opon Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa pedrera Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa rancho Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Venezuela Verrucosa reticulata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) - Panama Verrucosa rhea Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa scapofracta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil, Argentina Verrucosa septemmammata Caporiacco, 1954 — French Guiana Verrucosa sergipana Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Brazil Verrucosa silvae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia, Peru Verrucosa simla Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Trinidad Verrucosa suaita Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa tarapoa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil Verrucosa tuberculata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 - Colombia Verrucosa undecimvariolata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Mexico to Argentina Verrucosa zebra (Keyserling, 1892) — Brazil, ArgentinaWagneriana Wagneriana F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904
Wagneriana acrosomoides (Mello-Leitao, 1939) — Colombia to Brazil Wagneriana alma Levi, 1991 — Brazil Wagneriana atuna Levi, 1991 — Costa Rica to Paraguay Wagneriana bamba Levi, 1991 — Peru Wagneriana carimagua Levi, 1991 — Colombia Wagneriana carinata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — Guatemala Wagneriana cobella Levi, 1991 — Colombia, Venezuela Wagneriana dimastophora (Mello-Leitao, 1940) — Brazil Wagneriana eldorado Levi, 1991 — Argentina Wagneriana eupalaestra (Mello-Leitao, 1943) — Brazil, Argentina Wagneriana fina Alayon, 2011 — Cuba Wagneriana gavensis (Camargo, 1950) — Brazil Wagneriana grandicornis Mello-Leitao, 1935 — Costa Rica, Brazil Wagneriana hassleri Levi, 1991 — Brazil, Guyana Wagneriana heteracantha (Mello-Leitao, 1943) — Brazil, Argentina Wagneriana huanca Levi, 1991 — Peru Wagneriana iguape Levi, 1991 — Brazil, Paraguay Wagneriana jacaza Levi, 1991 — Colombia, Brazil Wagneriana jelskii (Taczanowski, 1873) — Trinidad to Bolivia Wagneriana juquia Levi, 1991 — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina Wagneriana lechuza Levi, 1991 — Peru, Brazil Wagneriana levii Pinto-da-Rocha & Buckup, 1995 — Brazil Wagneriana madrejon Levi, 1991 — Paraguay Wagneriana maseta Levi, 1991 — Colombia to Ecuador and Brazil Wagneriana neblina Levi, 1991 — Venezuela Wagneriana neglecta (Mello-Leitao, 1939) — Trinidad to Argentina Wagneriana pakitza Levi, 1991 — Peru Wagneriana roraima Levi, 1991 — Brazil Wagneriana silvae Levi, 1991 — Peru, Bolivia Wagneriana spicata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) — Mexico to Costa Rica Wagneriana taboga Levi, 1991 — Panama to Venezuela Wagneriana taim Levi, 1991 — Brazil Wagneriana tauricornis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (type species ) — USA to Peru Wagneriana tayos Levi, 1991 — Colombia to Peru Wagneriana transitoria (C. L. Koch, 1839) — Venezuela to Argentina Wagneriana turrigera Schenkel, 1953 — Venezuela Wagneriana undecimtuberculata (Keyserling, 1865) — Panama to Peru Wagneriana uropygialis (Mello-Leitao, 1944) — Argentina Wagneriana uzaga Levi, 1991 — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina Wagneriana vallenuevo Alayon, 2011 — Hispaniola Wagneriana vegas Levi, 1991 — Cuba, Hispaniola Wagneriana vermiculata Mello-Leitao, 1949 — Brazil Wagneriana yacuma Levi, 1991 — Brazil, BoliviaWitica Witica O. P.-Cambridge, 1895
Wixia Wixia O. P.-Cambridge, 1882
Xylethrus Xylethrus Simon, 1895
Xylethrus ameda Levi, 1996 — Brazil Xylethrus anomid Levi, 1996 — Peru, Brazil Xylethrus arawak Archer, 1965 — Mexico, Jamaica Xylethrus perlatus Simon, 1895 — Brazil Xylethrus scrupeus Simon, 1895 — Panama to Bolivia, Brazil Xylethrus superbus Simon, 1895 (type species ) — Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, BrazilZilla Zilla C. L. Koch, 1834
Zygiella Zygiella F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902
Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845) (type species ) — Europe, Russia (USA, Canada, introduced) Zygiella calyptrata (Workman & Workman, 1894) — China, Myanmar, Malaysia Zygiella carpenteri (Archer, 1951) - USA Zygiella dispar (Kulczyński, 1885) - Holarctic Zygiella keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871) — Southern Europe, Ukraine Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1974 — Kyrgyzstan Zygiella minima Schmidt, 1968 — Canary Islands Zygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834) - Palearctic Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964 — Alaska, Canada, USA Zygiella pulcherrima (Zawadsky, 1902) — Russia Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) — Holarctic, NeotropicalRelated Research Articles Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae . They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word orb can mean "circular", hence the English name of the group. Araneids have eight similar eyes, hairy or spiny legs, and no stridulating organs.
Chrysso
Tetragnatha stretch spiders in reference to their elongated body form and their ability to hide on blades of grass or similar elongated substrates by stretching their front legs forward and the others behind them. The name Tetragnatha is derived from Greek, tetra- a numerical prefix referring to four and gnatha meaning "jaw". Evolution to cursorial behavior occurred long ago in a few different species, the most studied being those found on the Hawaiian islands. One of the biggest and most common species is T. extensa , which has a holarctic distribution. It can be found near lakes, river banks or swamps. Large numbers of individuals can often be found in reeds, tall grass, and around minor trees and shrubs.
Olios
Synema
Verrucosa
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