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References
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- ↑ Barsoum (2003), pp. 331–333.
- ↑ Thomas 2003 , pp. 61
- ↑ Schadé, Johannes P. (2006). Encyclopedia of World Religions. Foreign Media Group. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-60136-000-7 . Retrieved 23 June 2013.
- ↑ Lavenant, René (1919). Abdīšō Berika bar. Vol. 3.
- ↑ Bonner, Bonner; Ener, Mine; Singer, Amy (2003). Poverty and charity in Middle Eastern contexts. SUNY Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-7914-5737-5.
- ↑ Ruano, Eloy Benito; Burgos, Manuel Espadas (1992). 17e Congrès international des sciences historiques: Madrid, du 26 août au 2 septembre 1990. Comité international des sciences historiques. p. 527. ISBN 978-84-600-8154-8.
- ↑ Frye, R.N., ed. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran (Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 415. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
Among the Christians also there were some of Persian origin or at least of immediate Persian background, among whom the most important are the Bukhtyishu' and Masuya (Masawaih) families. The members of the Bukhtyishu* family were directors of the Jundishapur hospital and produced many outstanding physicians. One of them, Jirjls, was called to Baghdad by the 'Abbasid caliph al-Mansur, to cure his dyspepsia.
- ↑ Philip Jenkins. The Lost History of Christianity. Harper One. 2008. ISBN 0061472808.
- ↑ Griffith, Sidney H. (15 December 1998). "Eutychius of Alexandria". Encyclopædia Iranica . Retrieved 2011-02-07.
- ↑ Loudon, Irvine (2002-03-07). Western Medicine: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199248131 . Retrieved 5 September 2012.
- ↑ Street, Tony (1 January 2015). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Language and Logic: Farabian Aristotelianism . Retrieved 13 June 2016– via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- ↑ Barsoum (2003)
- ↑ G., Strohmaier (24 April 2012). "Ḥunayn b. Isḥāḳ al-ʿIbādī". Encyclopaedia of Islam.
- ↑ "Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq | Arab scholar". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ↑ Esposito, John L. (2000). The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 160.:"The most famous of these translators was a Nestorian (Christian) Assyrian by the name of Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (808–73)."
- ↑ Guscin 2016 , p. 156.
- ↑ Anna Contadini, 'A Bestiary Tale: Text and Image of the Unicorn in the Kitāb naʿt al-hayawān (British Library, or. 2784)', Muqarnas, 20 (2003), 17-33 (p. 17), https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523325.
- ↑ Chisholm 1911.
- ↑ "St. Jacob (James) of Edessa (+ June 5th, 708)".
- ↑ Mazzola (2018), p. 358.
- ↑ S. Brock, A brief outline of Syriac Literature, Moran Etho 9, Kottayam, Kerala: SEERI (1997), pp.56-57, 135
- ↑ Beeston, Alfred Felix Landon (1983). Arabic literature to the end of the Umayyad period. Cambridge University Press. p. 501. ISBN 978-0-521-24015-4 . Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ↑ "Compendium of Medical Texts by Mesue, with Additional Writings by Various Authors". World Digital Library. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
- ↑ Bosworth, C.E. (2000). History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV. Paris: UNESCO Publ. p. 306. ISBN 92-3-103654-8.
Comparable to al-Rāzi before him and to his own younger contemporary Ibn Sinā, al-Masihi represents the physician-philosopher of classical and Islamic tradition. From the point of view of religious history, it is also of interest that he was descended from Iranian Christians and held, albeit discreetly, to his faith.
- ↑ Sarton, George (1975). Introduction to the History of Science: From Homer to Omar Khayyam. Vol. 1. R. E. Krieger Pub. Co. p. 574. ISBN 978-0-88275-172-6.
- ↑ William Wright, A short history of Syriac literature, p.250, n.3.
- ↑ Rius 2007.
- ↑ Worrell, W. H. (1944). "Qusta Ibn Luqa on the Use of the Celestial Globe". Isis. 35 (4): 285–293. doi:10.1086/358720. JSTOR 330840. S2CID 143503145.
- ↑ Al-Ghazal, Sharif (2004). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 3: 12–13.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - ↑ Thomas & Roggema 2009 , pp. 567
- ↑ Aʿlam, Hūšang. "EBN AL-BAYṬĀR, ŻĪĀʾ-AL-DĪN ABŪ MOḤA – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
the Christian Persian physician Sābūr (Šāpūr) b. Sahl from Gondēšāpūr (d. 255/869) ...
- ↑ De Lacy O'Leary How Greek science passed to the Arabs "How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs" online 2002- Page 166 "Hunayn had many other friends and clients, mostly physicians of Jundi-Shapur and those who had removed to Baghdad and used the Arabic language, like Salmawaih ibn Bunan an alumnus of Jundi-Shapur who became court physician to ..."
- ↑ Prioreschi, Plinio (2001-01-01). A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic medicine. Horatius Press. p. 223. ISBN 9781888456042 . Retrieved 29 December 2014.
Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, the son of a Syriac Christian scholar living in Persia on the Caspian Sea...
- ↑ Meyerhof, M. (2012-04-24). "Ibn al-Tilmīd̲h̲". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
- ↑ Alexander Treiger (2016). "New Works by Theodore Abū Qurra Preserved under the name of Thaddeus of Edessa". Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. 68 (1): 1–51. doi:10.2143/JECS.68.1.3164936.
- ↑ Shahid, Irfan (2010). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Part 2. Harvard University Press. pp. 179–181. ISBN 978-0884023470.
- ↑ Bonner, Michael David; Ener, Mine; Singer, Amy (2003). Poverty and charity in Middle Eastern contexts. SUNY Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-7914-8676-4 . Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ↑ Hamid Naseem Rafiabad, ed. World Religions and Islam: A Critical Study, Part 1 :149.
- ↑ Ira M. Lapidus, Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History, (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 200.
Works cited
- Barsoum, Ephrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Guscin, Mark (2016). The Tradition of the Image of Edessa. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Mazzola, Marianna, ed. (2018). Bar 'Ebroyo's Ecclesiastical History : writing Church History in the 13th century Middle East. PSL Research University. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- Rius, Mònica (2007). "Nasṭūlus: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 822–3. ISBN 9780387310220. (PDF version)
- Thomas, David (2003). Christians at the heart of Islamic rule: church life and scholarship in ʻAbbasid Iraq. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12938-2 . Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- Thomas, David; Roggema, Barbara (2009), Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 1 (600-900), BRILL, ISBN 9789004169753