This is a list of the Festa della republica ceremony in Rome, from 1946 to the present. The first Festa della republica military Parade took place on 2 June 1948. [1] [2] In 1976, no parade or ceremony was held at the Altar of the Fatherland following the disastrous earthquake that struck Friuli on 6 May. Since 2003, in some years, the military parade has had a specific theme.
In 1946, institutional referendum to decide which form of monarchy or republic.
From 1947 to 1949, the first military parades.
From 1948 to 1975, after inclusion in the protocol of celebrations for the Festa della Repubblica, which takes place along Via dei Fori Imperiali, has become a regular feature of the June 2nd celebrations
In 1976, first republican celebration not organized following the Friuli earthquake
In 1977, severe economic crisis in 70's, the ceremony was held in Piazza Venezia.
From 1978 to 1982, ceremony at the Altare della Patria was organized on the first Sunday of June.
From 1983 to 1988, return the military parades was organized on the first Sunday of June.
In 1989, after the parade was suspended again, a historical exhibition was organized in Piazza di Siena in Rome
From 1990 to 1991, ceremony was held only in Piazza Venezia.
From 1992 to 1999, ceremony at the Altare della Patria.
In 2000, first military parade return to via dei Fori Imperiali after its suspension, strongly wanted by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi the return of the parade and last to be celebrated on the first Sunday of June.
From 2001, return regular feature the military parade celebrated on 2 June after its reinstatement by law no. 336 of 20 November 2000.
| Year | Date | Themes | Anniversary | President | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italian | English | |||||
| 1946 | Sun 2 June | No themes | 0 anniversary | Enrico De Nicola | There were no parades because there was an institutional referendum to decide which form of state – monarchy or republic – to give to the country. [3] Enrico De Nicola was elected provisional head of state by the Constituent Assembly on 28 June 1946 and held this office from 1 July of the same year to 31 December 1947. | |
| 1947 | Mon 2 June | No themes | 1st anniversary | Enrico De Nicola | First celebration of Festa della Repubblica and anniversary of the referendum that established the Republic | |
| 1948 | Wed 2 June | 2nd anniversary | Luigi Einaudi | First military parade in Via dei Fori Imperiali in Rome and Einaudi's first military parade settled on 12 May 1948 | ||
| 1949 | Thu 2 June | 3th anniversary | In that year, 2 June was definitively declared a national holiday and Italy joined NATO | |||
| 1950 | Fri 2 June | 4th anniversary | The parade was included in the protocol of celebrations for the Festa della Repubblica, which takes place along Via dei Fori Imperiali, has become a regular feature of the June 2nd celebrations. It saw the participation of various components of the armed forces and other state bodies. On that occasion, President Luigi Einaudi reviewed the troops from a car. The parade included parades of military academics, navy, air force, and other armed forces. After the parade, a historical carousel was performed by mounted Carabinieri. | |||
| 1951 | Sat 2 June | 5th anniversary | ||||
| 1952 | Mon 2 June | 6th anniversary | ||||
| 1953 | Tue 2 June | 7th anniversary | ||||
| 1954 | Wen 2 June | 8th anniversary | Last military parade of Luigi Einaudi ends his term on 11 May 1955 | |||
| 1955 | Thu 2 June | 9th anniversary | Giovanni Gronchi | First military parade of Giovanni Gronchi settled on 11 May 1955 | ||
| 1956 | Sat 2 June | 10th anniversary | ||||
| 1957 | Sun 2 June | No themes | 11st anniversary | |||
| 1958 | Mon 2 June | 12nd anniversary | ||||
| 1959 | Tue 2 June | 13th anniversary | First time ALE (Aviazione dell'Esercito) aircraft are taking part in the military parade | |||
| 1960 | Thu 2 June | 14th anniversary | ||||
| 1961 | Fri 2 June | 15th anniversary | The military parade took place in Turin and Florence first capitals, in honor of the centenary of Italian unification. Last military parade of Giovanni Gronchi ends his term on 11 May 1962 | |||
| 1962 | Sat 2 June | 16th anniversary | Antonio Segni | First military parade of Antonio Segni settled on 11 May 1962 | ||
| 1963 | Sun 4 November | 17th anniversary | The parade for the Italian Republic Day did not take place due to the death of Pope John XXIII, who died the next day, and was postponed to 4 November of that year. | |||
| 1964 | Tue 2 June | 18th anniversary | Last military parade of Antonio Segni before his resignation on 6 December 1964 after his Cerebral thrombosis on 7 August 1964 | |||
| 1965 | Wen 2 June | 19th anniversary | Giuseppe Saragat | For the 50th anniversary of Italy's entry into the First World War was also commemorated. Specifically, Italy officially began military operations in World War I on 24 May 1915. The banners of the suppressed military units that took part in the World War I also participated in the main celebration of Rome; the first cannon shot fired by Fort Verena, on the Asiago plateau, towards the Austrian fortresses located on the Vezzena Plain: to the first infantry of the Royal Italian Army that crossed the border is dedicated the first stanza of La Leggenda del Piave . First military parade of Giuseppe Saragat settled on 29 December 1964 | ||
| 1966 | Thu 2 June | 20th anniversary | The parade was dedicated to the twentieth anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic | |||
| 1967 | Fri 2 June | No themes | 21st anniversary | |||
| 1968 | Sat 2 June | 22nd anniversary | ||||
| 1969 | Sun 2 June | 23th anniversary | ||||
| 1970 | Tue 2 June | 24th anniversary | ||||
| 1971 | Wen 2 June | 25th anniversary | Last military parade of Giuseppe Saragat ends his term on 29 December 1971 | |||
| 1972 | Thu 2 June | 26th anniversary | Giovanni Leone | First military parade of Giovanni Leone settled on 29 December 1971 | ||
| 1973 | Sat 2 June | 27th anniversary | ||||
| 1974 | Sun 2 June | 28th anniversary | ||||
| 1975 | Mon 2 June | 29th anniversary | For the thirtieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War, in 1975, some Flag Groups of the formations, regular and otherwise, that had participated in the War of Liberation were introduced into the parade structure, together with the Gonfalons of the cities decorated with the Gold Medal for Military Valor. Last military parade before his elimination in 1977 | |||
| 1976 | Wen 2 June | No themes | 30th anniversary | Giovanni Leone | The military parade was not organized following the disastrous earthquake of Friuli and replaced by a wreath-laying ceremony at the Unknown Soldier | |
| 1977 | Sun 5 June | 31st anniversary | First Festa della Repubblica not celebrated with its traditional parade due to the severe economic crisis that gripped Italy in the 1970s, in order to contain state and social costs, Law No. 54 of March 5, 1977, made Republic Day a "movable feast" and moved it to the first Sunday in June, thus eliminating June 2nd as a public holiday. The ceremony was held in Piazza Venezia, with a Brigade of 43 companies representing all armed and non-armed forces and corps of the state. | |||
| 1978 | Sun 4 June | 32nd anniversary | First ceremony at the Altare della Patria - Laying of a laurel wreath by the Head of State at the Monument to the Unknown Soldier. Last and only ceremony at the Altare della Patria of Giovanni Leone before his resignation on 15 June 1978 after Lockheed scandals. The previous months were difficult following the Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro and Acca Larentia killings (7 January) the killings of magistrate Riccardo Palma (14 February), Public security Marshal Rosario Berardi (10 March), Lorenzo Cutugno (11 April), Francesco Di Cataldo (20 April) by Red Brigades and the Killing of Fausto and Iaio (18 March) by probably far-right elements. In the following months, between August and October, three popes succeeded one another: Paul VI, who died on August 6, the election and death of John Paul I, and the election of John Paul II. It's known as the L'Anno dei Tre Papi and still the killings of the commander of the Udine prison Antonio Santoro (6 June) by Cesare Battisti, Police commissioner Antonio Esposito (21 June), the magistrate Girolamo Tartaglione (10 October) by Red Brigades, also the murder of graduate Ivo Zini by NAR and Chief Prosecutor of Frosinone Fedele Calvosa (8 November) by Formazioni comuniste combattenti, on 23 December the Alitalia Flight 4128. It was a difficult year for Italy | |||
| 1979 | Sun 3 June | 33th anniversary | Sandro Pertini | First ceremony at the Altare della Patria - Laying of a laurel wreath of Sandro Pertini settled on 9 July 1978 | ||
| 1980 | Sun 1 June | 34th anniversary | The previous months were difficult following murder of Christian Democrat president of the Sicilian Region, Piersanti Mattarella by Cosa Nostra, the assassination of vice president of the CSM and university professor Vittorio Bachelet by the Red Brigades, the assassination of judge Guido Galli by the Prima Linea and the murder of journalist of the Corriere della Sera Walter Tobagi by the Brigata XXVIII marzo, on 28 March Via Fracchia massacre. In the following months were very difficult, twenty-six days later Ustica massacre, next month Libyan Air Force MiG-23 crash, in August the Bologna massacre, in November Curinga train disaster and two days after Irpinia earthquake. It was a difficult year for Italy | |||
| 1981 | Sun 7 June | 35th anniversary | ||||
| 1982 | Sun 6 June | 36th anniversary | ||||
| 1983 | Sun 5 June | No themes | 37th anniversary | Sandro Pertini | The military parade was reinserted, after five years, in the official ceremony of the main celebration of Rome in that year the Festa della Repubblica was organized on the first Sunday of June between the Aventine and Porta San Paolo to commemorate the Resistance to the German occupation of the city of Rome during the World War II | |
| 1984 | Sun 3 June | 38th anniversary | The parade return to Via dei Fori Imperiali. | |||
| 1985 | Sun 2 June | 39th anniversary | The parade took place between Via dei Cerchi and the Baths of Caracalla. Last military parade of Sandro Pertini before his courtesy resignation on 29 June 1985 to allow the installation of his successor, already elected | |||
| 1986 | Sun 1 June | 40th anniversary | Francesco Cossiga | The parade return to Via dei Fori Imperiali. First military parade of Francesco Cossiga settled on 3 July 1985. First time the Lancia Flaminia "335" Presidenziale was used and it will be used in subsequent parades. The parade was dedicated to the fortieth anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic | ||
| 1987 | Sun 7 June | 41st anniversary | ||||
| 1988 | Sun 5 June | 42nd anniversary | ||||
| 1989 | Sun 4 June | No themes | 43th anniversary | Francesco Cossiga | The military parade was eliminated again; in its place, a historical exhibition was organized in Piazza di Siena in Rome | |
| 1990 | Sun 3 June | No themes | 44th anniversary | Francesco Cossiga | The ceremony was held only in Piazza Venezia the following year as well. | |
| 1991 | Sun 2 June | 45th anniversary | Last military parade of Francesco Cossiga before his courtesy resignation on 28 April 1992 to allow the installation of his successor, already elected | |||
| 1992 | Sun 7 June | No themes | 46th anniversary | Oscar Luigi Scalfaro | The celebration of the Festa della Repubblica was limited exclusively, again, to the ceremony at the Altare della Patria. First celebration of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro settled on 28 May 1992. Five days earlier was killed by Sicilian Mafia magistrate Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three police escort agents, the Capaci bombing, and the following month, 19 July, the magistrate and Falcone's friend, Paolo Borsellino, was also killed by the Mafia and five members of his police escort, the Via D'Amelio bombing. The bomb exploded while he was walking to the entrance gate where his at mother lived and on 12 March Salvatore Lima was killed by Sicilian Mafia. It was a difficult year for Italy | |
| 1993 | Sun 6 June | 47th anniversary | ||||
| 1994 | Sun 5 June | 48th anniversary | ||||
| 1995 | Sun 4 June | 49th anniversary | ||||
| 1996 | Sun 2 June | 50th anniversary | The ceremony at the Altare della Patria was dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic | |||
| 1997 | Sun 1 June | 51st anniversary | ||||
| 1998 | Sun 7 june | 52nd anniversary | Last ceremony at the Altare della Patria of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro before his resignation on 15 May 1999 | |||
| 1999 | Sun 6 june | 53th anniversary | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | First and only ceremony at the Altare della Patria of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. Last ceremony before the restoration of the historic military parade | ||
| 2000 | Sun 4 june | No themes | 54th anniversary | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | First military parade return to via dei Fori Imperiali after its suspension eight years earlier. First parade of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, who had strongly wanted the return of the parade, and last celebrated on the first Sunday of June | |
| 2001 | Sat 2 June | 55th anniversary | First parade celebrated on 2 June after its reinstatement by law no. 336 of 20 November 2000 after twenty-four years of suspension | |||
| 2002 | Sun 2 June | 56th anniversary | ||||
| 2003 | Mon 2 June | Le forze armate nel sistema di sicurezza internazionale per il progresso pacifico e democratico dei popoli | The armed forces in the international security system for the peaceful and democratic progress of peoples | 57th anniversary | First military parade with specific theme | |
| 2004 | Thu 2 June | Le forze armate per la Patria | The Armed Forces for the Fatherland | 58th anniversary | ||
| 2005 | Tue 2 June | - | - | 59th anniversary | Last military parade of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi before his courtesy resignation on 15 May 2006 to allow the installation of his successor, already elected on 15 May 2006 | |
| 2006 | Fri 2 June | - | - | 60th anniversary | Giorgio Napolitano | First military parade of Giorgio Napolitano settled on 15 May 2006. The parade was dedicated to the sixtieth anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic |
| 2007 | Sat 2 June | - | - | 61st anniversary | ||
| 2008 | Mon 2 June | - | - | 62nd anniversary | ||
| 2009 | Thu 2 June | La Repubblica e le Sue Forze Armate | The Republic and its Armed Forces | 63th anniversary | The parade was dedicated to the L'Aquila earthquake victims | |
| 2010 | Wen 2 June | La Repubblica e le sue forze armate impegnate in missioni di pace | The Republic and its armed forces engaged in peacekeeping | 64th anniversary | ||
| 2011 | Tue 2 June | 150º anniversario dell'Unità d'Italia | 150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy | 65th anniversary | At the parade, beyond the historic flags of Italy, the Tricolore di Oliosi also paraded. The historic flag, which paraded on a cannon carriage, dates back to the third Italian war of independence (1866) and was heroically saved in Oliosi, now a hamlet of the municipality of Castelnuovo del Garda, from capture by Austrian troops during the battle of Custoza. | |
| 2012 | Sat 2 June | - | - | 66th anniversary | The parade was dedicated to the earthquake victims of Emilia | |
| 2013 | Sun 2 June | - | - | 67th anniversary | The parade was dedicated to the "social question" of families and businesses in difficulty | |
| 2014 | Mon 2 June | - | - | 68th anniversary | the parade was dedicated at the start of the semester of the Italian Presidency of the European Council. Last military parade of Giorgio Napolitano before his resignation on 14 January 2015 | |
| 2015 | Thu 2 June | - | - | 69th anniversary | Sergio Mattarella | the parade was dedicated on the centenary of the Italian victory in the Great War. The first military parade of Sergio Mattarella was held on 3 February 2015 |
| 2016 | Tue 2 June | - | - | 70th anniversary | The parade was dedicated to the seventieth anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic. First parade with the mayors representing 8000 Italian municipalities | |
| 2017 | Fri 2 June | - | - | 71st anniversary | ||
| 2018 | Sat 2 June | - | - | 72nd anniversary | First time an Italian Army paratrooper landed in front of the presidential rostrum after flying over Via dei Fori Imperiali, unfurling a 400 m² Italian flag | |
| 2019 | Sun 2 June | Inclusione | Inclusion | 73th anniversary | ||
| 2020 | Thu 2 June | - | - | 74th anniversary | Public event cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, the celebration and speech by the President of the Republic Sergio Mattarella were held in Codogno, a municipality where the first confirmed outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy had been recorded just over three months earlier | |
| 2021 | Wen 2 June | - | - | 75th anniversary | Public event cancelled due to the coronavirus outbreak Sergio Mattarella laid a laurel wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Altar of the Fatherland | |
| 2022 | Tue 2 June | Insieme per la difesa della pace | Together for the defense of peace | 76th anniversary | The military parade returns after the COVID-19 pandemic and return of the Italian Army paratrooper with the 400 m² Italian flag | |
| 2023 | Fri 2 June | Italiani: un patrimonio di valori per la Repubblica | Italians: a heritage of values for the Republic | 77th anniversary | ||
| 2024 | Sun 2 June | Al servizio del Paese | At the service of the country | 78th anniversary | Showered by heavy rain | |
| 2025 | Mon 2 June | A difesa della Repubblica, al servizio del Paese | In defence of the Republic, at the service of the country | 79th anniversary | ||
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