List of Lushootseed-speaking peoples

Last updated

The Lushootseed-speaking peoples, sometimes known as the Lushootseed people, [1] [2] are a group of linguistically-related peoples Indigenous to the Pacific Northwest.

Contents

Lushootseed-speaking groups were traditionally politically autonomous at the local, or village, level, so there was no historical term to refer to all Lushootseed-speaking peoples. [3] Words like (dxʷ)ləšucid ʔacʔaciɬtalbixʷ or ʔacʔaciɬtalbixʷ kʷi gʷədxʷləšucideb (lit. "Lushootseed peoples" or "Peoples who speak Lushootseed") are sometimes used in modern times. [4]

All historically-attested extended village groups or bands are listed, grouped by modern-day tribal units, sub-units, and further sub-units:

Northern Lushootseed

Northern Lushootseed (dxʷləšucid) [5] is spoken by peoples living generally in Island, Skagit, Snohomish, and parts of Whatcom counties. Northern Lushootseed-speaking communities include:

Southern Lushootseed

Southern Lushootseed, otherwise known as Twulshootseed (txʷəlšucid) [8] is spoken by the various peoples, historical and contemporary, located in King, Pierce, Thurston, Mason, and Kitsap counties. Southern Lushootseed communities include:

Whulshootseed

Whulshootseed (xʷəlšucid) refers to the large subdialect of Southern Lushootseed spoken by the Snoqualmie and Muckleshoot peoples.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muckleshoot</span> Ethnic group

The Muckleshoot are a Lushootseed-speaking Native American tribe, part of the Coast Salish peoples of the Pacific Northwest. They are descendants of the Duwamish peoples whose traditional territory was located along the Green and White rivers, including up to the headwaters in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains, in present-day Washington State. Since the mid-19th century, their reservation is located in the area of Auburn, Washington, about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Tacoma and 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Seattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief Seattle</span> Suquamish and Duwamish chief (1790–1866)

Seattle was a leader of the Duwamish and Suquamish peoples. A leading figure among his people, he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers, forming a personal relationship with Doc Maynard. The city of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington, was named after him. A widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect of Native Americans' land rights had been attributed to him.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stillaguamish people</span> Lushootseed-speaking people from Western Washington

The Stillaguamish people are a Southern Coast Salish people Indigenous to the Stillaguamish River valley in northwestern Washington State in the United States, near the city of Arlington, Washington. The Stillaguamish speak Northern Lushootseed, a Coast Salish language. Although usage of the language has declined, there are ongoing revitalization efforts by the Stillaguamish Tribe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tulalip Tribes</span> Ethnic group

The Tulalip Tribes of Washington, formerly known as the Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation, is a federally recognized tribe of Duwamish, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skagit, Suiattle, Samish, and Stillaguamish people. They are South and Central Coast Salish peoples of indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their tribes are located in the mid-Puget Sound region of Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duwamish people</span> Coast Salish people in western Washington (state)

The Duwamish are a Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people in western Washington, and the Indigenous people of metropolitan Seattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sauk-Suiattle</span> Federally-recognized Indian Tribe in Washington (state)

The Sauk-SuiattleIndian Tribe is a federally-recognized tribe of Sauk people located in western Washington state. The tribe historically lived along the banks of the Sauk, Suiattle, Cascade, Stillaguamish, and Skagit rivers, in the area known as Sauk Prairie at the foot of Whitehorse Mountain in the North Cascade Range.

Lushootseed, historically known as Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish, or Skagit-Nisqually, is a Central Coast Salish language of the Salishan language family. Lushootseed is the general name for the dialect continuum composed of two main dialects, Northern Lushootseed and Southern Lushootseed, which are further separated into smaller sub-dialects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sauk River (Washington)</span> River in Washington

The Sauk River is a tributary of the Skagit River, approximately 45 miles (72 km) long, in northwestern Washington in the United States. It drains an area of the high Cascade Range in the watershed of Puget Sound north of Seattle. The river is a popular destination for fly fishing. It is a National Wild and Scenic River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stillaguamish River</span> River in Washington, United States

The Stillaguamish River is a river in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Washington. It is mainly composed of two forks, the longer North Fork Stillaguamish and the South Fork Stillaguamish. The two forks join near Arlington. From there the Stillaguamish River proper flows for 22 miles (35 km) to Puget Sound. The river's watershed drains part of the Cascade Range north of Seattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snohomish people</span> Lushootseed-speaking people of Puget Sound

The Snohomish people are a Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people who are indigenous to the Puget Sound region of Washington State. Most Snohomish are enrolled in the Tulalip Tribes of Washington and reside on the reservation or nearby, although others are enrolled in other tribes, and some are members of the non-recognized Snohomish Tribe of Indians. Traditionally, the Snohomish occupied a wide area of land, including the Snohomish River, parts of Whidbey and Camano Islands, and the nearby coastline of Skagit Bay and Puget Sound. They had at least 25 permanent villages throughout their lands, but in 1855, signed the Treaty of Point Elliott and were relocated to the Tulalip Reservation. Although some moved to the reservation, the harsh conditions, lack of land, and oppressive policies of the United States government caused many to leave.

Southern Lushootseed, also called Twulshootseed or Whulshootseed in the Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie dialects, is the southern dialect of Lushootseed, a Coast Salish language in western Washington State. It was historically spoken by the Muckleshoot, Puyallup, Suquamish, Duwamish, Nisqually, and Squaxin Island tribes. The last native speaker was Ellen Williams (1923–2016) and her death rendered the language extinct.

The Sammamish people are a Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people. They are indigenous to the Sammamish River Valley in central King County, Washington. The Sammamish speak Lushootseed, a Coast Salish language which was historically spoken across most of Puget Sound, although its usage today is mostly reserved for cultural and ceremonial practices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty of Point Elliott</span> 1855 treaty between the US and Native Americans

The Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855, or the Point Elliott Treaty,—also known as the Treaty of Point Elliot / Point Elliot Treaty—is the lands settlement treaty between the United States government and the Native American tribes of the greater Puget Sound region in the recently formed Washington Territory, one of about thirteen treaties between the U.S. and Native Nations in what is now Washington. The treaty was signed on January 22, 1855, at Muckl-te-oh or Point Elliott, now Mukilteo, Washington, and ratified 8 March and 11 April 1859. Between the signing of the treaty and the ratification, fighting continued throughout the region. Lands were being occupied by European-Americans since settlement in what became Washington Territory began in earnest from about 1845.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tribal Canoe Journeys</span>

The Intertribal Canoe Journey is a celebrated event of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Organizers call it the Canoe Journey or Intertribal Canoe Journey, and colloqually Tribal Journeys. It is also referred to by its destination, i.e. Paddle to Muckleshoot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snoqualmie people</span> Ethnic group

The Snoqualmie people are a Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people indigenous to the Snoqualmie Valley, located in east King and Snohomish counties in the state of Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kikiallus people</span> Native American tribe

The Kikiallus people are a Lushootseed-speaking Coast Salish people Indigenous to parts of western Washington.

The Steilacoompeople are Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people, indigenous to the southern Puget Sound region of Washington state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skykomish people</span> Lushootseed-speaking people in Washington (state)

The Skykomish are a Lushootseed-speaking Coast Salish people indigenous to the Skykomish Valley in the Cascade Mountains of Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puyallup people</span> Coast Salish people of southern Puget Sound

The Puyallup are a Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people indigenous to the Puget Sound region of Washington state. They are primarily enrolled in and represented by the Puyallup Tribe of Indians, a federally-recognized Indian tribe located near Tacoma.

References

  1. Hess, Thom, "Introduction", Lushootseed Reader with Introductory Grammar, vol I.
  2. Miller, Jay (1997). "Back to Basics: Chiefdoms in Puget Sound". Ethnohistory. 44 (2): 375–387. doi:10.2307/483373. ISSN   0014-1801.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Collins, June M. (1974). Valley of the Spirits: The Upper Skagit Indians of Western Washington.
  4. Waterman, T.T. (2001). sdaʔdaʔ gʷəɬ dibəɬ ləšucid ʔacaciɬtalbixʷ - Puget Sound Geographical Names. Seattle: Lushootseed Press.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN   0-295-97323-4.
  6. Richardson, Allan; Galloway, Brent (2011). Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  7. 1 2 "Sauk-Suiattle - Index". sauk-suiattle.com. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  8. "Puyallup Tribal Language - Home". www.puyalluptriballanguage.org. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  9. "The Suquamish Tribe – Home of the Suquamish People" . Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 Smith, Marian W. (1941). "The Coast Salish of Puget Sound". American Anthropologist . 43 (2): 197–211 via JSTOR.
  11. Hutchinson, Chase (March 1, 2021). "Estuary has new name, honoring tribe; you'll need to watch a video to pronounce it". The News Tribune. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  12. ":: Nisqually Indian Tribe Home Page". www.nisqually-nsn.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Who We Are – Squaxin Island Tribe" . Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  14. 1 2 3 Tollefson, Kenneth D. (1987). "The Snoqualmie: A Puget Sound Chiefdom". Ethnology. 26 (2): 124 via JSTOR.

Bibliography