List of Nauruan parliamentary by-elections

Last updated

By-elections are held for the Parliament of Nauru to fill vacancies that occur between general elections. [1]

Contents

Previously, Nauruan general elections and by-elections used different voting systems. [2] Nauru uses the unique Dowdall system for general elections, but for by-elections it used a more conventional preferential system. Candidates had to receive an absolute majority of first preference votes. If none did, then the candidate with the least amount of first preference votes was eliminated, and the next preference votes on their ballots were distributed to the remaining candidates. This cycle continued until one candidate had an absolute majority of votes. [3]

A previous version of the Electoral Act in force in 2012, under the section entitled "Counting of votes in election", differentiates the methods of counting votes in a general election and by-election. [4] The section entitled "Counting of votes in election" in the current Electoral Act applies the same vote counting method for every election in Nauru. [5]

List of elections

1971 Ubenide election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 29 June 1971 to fill a vacancy in the Ubenide Constituency. [6] The election was held on 14 August. The winner was determined after the four count of preferences. [7]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
Derog Gioura 91Elected
Kennan Adeang 89
Bernard Dowiyogo 77
Mark Denis Kun20
Paul Lawrence Maginkieo Ribauw4
Invalid/blank votes1
Total votes cast281

1972 Yaren election

A writ was issued by the acting speaker of Parliament on 20 April 1972 to fill a vacancy in the Yaren Constituency. [8] The election was held on 3 June. The winner was determined after the fifth count of preferences. [9]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
Ludwig Keke 18
Alfred Derangdedage Biribirinang Dick 15Elected
Creswick Engame Agogenang12
John Akubor11
John Binono Willis9
Sunshine Keke6
Invalid/blank votes2
Total votes cast71

1976 Yaren election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 20 July 1976 to fill a vacancy in the Yaren Constituency. [10] The election was held on 28 August. [11]

CandidateCountsNotes
15
Leo Keke 2766Elected
John Ebonoaiye Akubor2750
Pres Nimes Ekwona 25-
Alfred Derangdedage Dick 14-
John Binono Willis13-
Patrick Jess Cain7-
Udire Abaubo3-
Total votes cast116

February 1977 Aiwo election

A by-election was triggered in the Aiwo Constituency when Speaker Edwin Tsitsi resigned as MP in December 1976. [12] The election was held on 5 February 1977. [13]

CandidateCountsNotes
12
René Harris 8094Elected
Samuel Edwin Tsitsi 5079
Reginald Roderick Akiri30-
Invalid/blank votes0
Total votes cast173

1977 Buada election

MP Austin Bernicke died in January 1977. [14] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 17 January 1977 to fill a vacancy in the Buada Constituency. [15] The election was held on 5 March. [16]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
Totouwa Depaune 80Elected
Alec Hindmarsh Stephen56
Invalid/blank votes0
Total votes cast136

1977 Anetan election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 11 February 1977 to fill a vacancy in the Anetan Constituency. [17] The election was held on 19 March. [18]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
Roy Degoregore 90Elected
Bucky Idarabwe79
Rimone Tom6
Invalid/blank votes2
Total votes cast177

June 1977 Aiwo election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 7 March 1977 to fill a vacancy in the Aiwo Constituency. [19] MP René Harris lost his seat due to being convicted by a court of assault. [20] The election was initially scheduled for 16 April, but it was deferred by a court judgment. [21] By 9 May, the election was rescheduled for 4 June. [22] The election was held on 4 June. [23] Harris was re-elected. [20]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
René Harris 95Elected
Reginald Roderick Akiri41
John Cole Darabwana Bill12
August Detonga Deiye 10
Invalid/blank votes1
Total votes cast159

1978 Ubenide election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 20 September 1978 to fill a vacancy in the Ubenide Constituency. [24] The election was held on 21 October. [25]

CandidateCountsNotes
123
Derog Gioura 181186197Elected
Kennan Adeang 160166175
Victor Idarababwin Eoaeo 1720-
Lui Victor Eoaeo14--
Invalid/blank votes3
Total votes cast372

1979 Aiwo election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 6 February 1979 to fill a vacancy in the Aiwo Constituency. [26] The election was held on 10 March. [27]

CandidateCountsNotes
1234
David Agir 586064105Elected
Reginald Roderick Akiri50546587
Theodore Conrad Moses 515863-
Ririenang Allan Thoma2020--
August Detonga Deiye 13---
Invalid/blank votes1
Total votes cast193

1981 Aiwo election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 10 June 1981 to fill a vacancy in the Aiwo Constituency. [28] MP René Harris resigned and ran in the resulting by-election as a way to test whether the voters of his constituency supported him. [29] The election was held on 18 July. Harris was re-elected. [30]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
René Harris 111Elected
Samuel Edwin Tsitsi 48
August Detonga Deiye28
Ateo Leslie Will Amram10
Invalid/blank votes1
Total votes cast198

1984 Yaren election

MP Joseph Detsimea Audoa died on 18 April 1984. [31] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 25 April 1984 to fill a vacancy in the Yaren Constituency. [32] The election was held on 26 May. [33]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
Anthony Kododo Detsimea Audoa 95Elected
Alfred Derangdedage Dick 39
Leo Keke 44
Invalid/blank votes1
Total votes cast179

1984 Meneng election

MP James Ategan Bop died on 12 July 1984. [34] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 23 July 1984 to fill a vacancy in the Meneng Constituency. [35] The election was held on 25 August. [36]

CandidateCountsNotes
18
Parcelle Bop 74162Elected
Nimrod Botelanga 60109
Frank Sinatra Janecke Canon56-
Vinci Niel Clodumar 37-
Paul Denebaua Jeremiah 28-
Alex Dogaben Jimrock Harris6-
Ralph Steven5-
Deage Dogurube Dabwido4-
David Audi Dabwido1-
Invalid/blank votes11
Total votes cast282

1988 Ubenide election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 29 July 1988 to fill a vacancy in the Ubenide Constituency. [37] The election was held on 25 August. [38]

CandidateCountsNotes
12345678
Kennan Adeang 180180181182188200224243Elected
Francis Garoa72737376768087121
Royden Basil Hiram63636565657384104
Lagumot Harris 57585961666673-
Paul Laurence Maginkieo Ribauw363737384049--
Ekedu Rarube Itsimaera3030313133---
Mark Dennis Gourdage Kun11121315----
Joseph Hiram 899-----
Andre Godoru Notte66------
Samuel Cagney Scotty5-------
Invalid/blank votes13
Total votes cast481

1991 Boe election

MP Kenas Aroi died on 22 January 1991. [39] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 28 January 1991 to fill a vacancy in the Boe Constituency. [40] The election was held on 2 March. [41]

CandidateCountsNotes
12345
August Detonga Deiye 525784115156Elected
Baron Waqa 58617486123
Clinton Denton Benjamin 62666778-
Volmer Aloysious Appi414954--
Michael Mathias Aroi 3746---
Kelly Deouri Emiu29----
Invalid/blank votes4
Total votes cast283

1992 Boe election

MP Hammer DeRoburt died on 15 July 1992. [42] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 27 July 1992 to fill a vacancy in the Boe Constituency. [43] The election was held on 22 August. [44]

CandidateCountsNotes
12345678
Michael Mathias Aroi 89919495102107118165
Clinton Denton Benjamin 76798386899095107
Cridden Alexius Appi23242526284259-
Dale Richard Cecil232323232733--
Remus Semisi Capelle1920202126---
Ereeti Nangindeit Batiua16171821----
John Walt Fagan Adam999-----
Boronga Yeru Uera99------
Ross Cain 8-------
Invalid/blank votes9
Total votes cast281

1994 Ubenide election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 13 June 1994 to fill a vacancy in the Ubenide Constituency. [45] The election was held on 9 July. [46]

CandidateCountsNotes
123456789
Lagumot Harris 128128134139150156181214306Elected
Aloysius Edrick Arobao Iyomogo Amwano 120121121122126141162201296
Timothy Robidok Detudamo140140143150153161168187-
Alf Diringa Itsimaera66666768737891--
Freddie Pitcher 555558596366---
Royden Basil Hiram3132333537----
Paul Lawrence Maginkieo Ribauw24252529-----
Russell Kun 202021------
Joseph Hiram 1515-------
Charles Lanza Dabana3--------
Invalid/blank votes20
Total votes cast622

1996 Buada election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 28 June 1996 to fill a vacancy in the Buada Constituency. [47] The election was held on 9 July. [48]

CandidateCountsNotes
1234
Vinson Detenamo 858997109Elected
Lyn Terangi Adam 38455593
Nelson De-Burma Tamakin394350-
Rayong Anton Borben Itsimaera2125--
Miniva Depaune19---
Invalid/blank votes1
Total votes cast203

1996 Anetan election

MP Roy Degoregore died on 24 August 1996. [49] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 2 September 1996 to fill a vacancy in the Anetan Constituency. [50] The election was held on 5 October. [51]

CandidateCountsNotes
123456789101112
Remy Namaduk 113113113114116120125131139156181219Elected
Gaiman Deireragea646465677173768096109134192
Rimone Tom5051535454545862637796-
Vassal Gadoengin 39404040414345485769--
Bucky Adago Deinuwea Ika414242424345474856---
Nicholas Yanaw Duburiya2122222427323342----
Jacobus Tevaki Fritz21212121232527-----
George Caleb131316171919------
Julie June Olsson1414161617-------
Haseldon Buraman14141416--------
Jane Lewis999---------
John Daroa Olsson78----------
Jaxon Dori Olsson5-----------
Invalid/blank votes17
Total votes cast428

February 1998 by-elections

In early 1998, five Nauruan MPs were dismissed by Speaker Kennan Adeang. [52] As a result, a writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 22 January 1998 to fill a vacancy in the following constituencies: Boe, Buada, Meneng, Ubenide, and Yaren. [53] The elections were held on 21 February. [54] Three of the five dismissed MPs were re-elected. [52]

ConstituencyCandidateCountsNotes
123
Boe Ross Cain 87119183Elected
Clinton Denton Benjamin 137148169
Baron Waqa 7185-
Michael Mathias Aroi 57--
Invalid/blank votes2
Total votes cast354
ConstituencyCandidateCountsNotes
123
Buada Ruben Kun 156Elected
Ivor Detenamo90
Invalid/blank votes0
Total votes cast246
ConstituencyCandidateCountsNotes
123
Meneng Nimrod Botelanga 247Elected
Vinci Niel Clodumar 197
Joshua Porthos Bop28
John Brechtefeld15
Invalid/blank votes4
Total votes cast491
ConstituencyCandidateCountsNotes
123
Ubenide Aloysius Iyomago Amwano 301325370Elected
Lagumot Harris 289307333
Royden Hiram5771-
Paul Maginkieo Ribauw56--
Invalid/blank votes5
Total votes cast708
ConstituencyCandidateCountsNotes
123
Yaren Anthony D. Audoa 129Elected
Pres Nimes Ekwona 69
Leo Keke 56
Invalid/blank votes2
Total votes cast256

1998 Aiwo election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 24 June 1998 to fill a vacancy in the Aiwo Constituency. [55] The election was held on 25 July. [56]

Candidate1st Preference VotesNotes
René Harris 189Elected
Richard Dugan Bill94
Invalid/blank votes10
Total votes cast293

2001 Ubenide election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 7 November 2001 to fill a vacancy in the Ubenide Constituency. [57] The election was held on 8 December. [58]

CandidateFractional TotalNotes
Aloysius Iyomago Amwano 323.593Elected
David Adeang 263.067Elected
Derog Gioura 202.514Elected
Bernard Dowiyogo 193.837Elected
Joseph Laben Hiram 178.326
Alf Diringa Itsimaera175.076
Paul Lawrence Maginkieo Ribauw158.947
Russell Kun 157.951
Milton Jonathan Benjamin151.348
Kennan Adeang 149.577
Renos Renige Agege127.527
Knox Tulensru Tulenoa114.244
Francis Detsibanga Amram113.226
Charles Lanza Dabana100.174
Invalid/blank votes41
Total votes cast782

2005 Anetan election

A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 24 December 2004 to fill a vacancy in the Anetan Constituency. [59] The election was held on 22 January. [60]

CandidateCountsNotes
123456
Cyril Buramen 155156157165180284Elected
Remy Namaduk 133134136137146164
Ernest Gisephri Stephen919296101122-
Darryle Eneiwa Tom26293045--
Rimone Tom262629---
Arabella Sra Detenamo1011----
Victory Anebeni Japhet7-----
Invalid/blank votes8
Total votes cast448

2017 Ubenide election

MP Valdon Dowiyogo's death triggered a by-election. A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 22 December 2016 to fill a vacancy in the Ubenide Constituency. The election was held on 19 January 2017. [61] [62] A report from the Nauru Electoral Commission noted that, given the amount of time since the last by-election in Nauru, some voters were confused by the preferential system used as opposed to the Dowdall system used in general elections. [61] The MP who was elected, Gabrissa Hartman, was the third woman elected to the Parliament of Nauru. [2]

CandidateCountsNotes
123456789101112
Gabrissa Hartman 157159161167177185210226284396505817Elected
Wawani Dowiyogo 289292300309314317337351362431561696
Reagan Aliklik 271271278281286294298309340391447-
Peter Diema227229229234239245254256265295--
Vyko Adeang178179183193207214220234262---
Kay Aliklik61636471789097137----
David Detageouwa70727476779097-----
Berrick Dowiyogo636572737678------
Aloysius Amwano 5458585859-------
Ken Detudamo46485051--------
Ricky Adde Bam444444---------
Albert Teimitsi3233----------
David Dowiyogo21-----------
Invalid/blank votes37
Total votes cast1550

2019 Anabar election

MP Jaden Dogireiy's court conviction and subsequent disqualification from parliament triggered a by-election. [63] A writ was issued by the speaker of Parliament on 1 May 2019 to fill a vacancy in the Anabar Constituency. The election was held on 30 May. [64] Due to how close the results between candidates Ludwig Scotty and Pyon Deiye were, a recount was triggered. [63] The election used the Dowdall system of voting. [65]

CandidatePreference votesTotalNotes
123456789
Ludwig Scotty 1458575454130364985257.662Elected
Pyon Deiye 1438267455149456544255.392
Jeb Nobob Eric Bop1027466626480604934221.108
Akua Marita Agigo1017559564655536977215.285
Johnny-Young Olsson337191689385535641167.727
Transom Duburiya224568898796679522146.708
Corey Milton Menke1753598897871055629144.289
Dawson Agege2349497967498979107139.628
Damien Joram557575945608373152124.121
Invalid/blank votes21
Total votes cast612

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References

  1. ↑ "NAURU ELECTORAL SYSTEM". Inter-Parliamentary Union. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 Republic of Nauru. "Hartman, third female MP wins seat in Ubenide by-election" . Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  3. ↑ Roland Lauti, Alamanda; Fraenkel, Jon. "Developing a More Facilitating Environment for Women's Political Participation in Nauru" (PDF). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. pp. 117–119.
  4. ↑ "Electoral Act 1965" (PDF). p. 18.
  5. ↑ "Electoral Act 2016" (PDF). p. 82.
  6. ↑ Aroi, K. (30 June 1971). "BY-ELECTION FOR THE CONSTITUENCY OF UBENIDE" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (24): 1.
  7. ↑ Dowdall, D.J.A. (18 August 1971). "DECLARATION OF POLL" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (32): 1.
  8. ↑ Eoaeo, V. (21 April 1972). "BY-ELECTION FOR THE CONSTITUENCY OF YAREN" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (20): 1.
  9. ↑ Connell, H.B. (7 June 1972). "DECLARATION OF POLL" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (26): 1.
  10. ↑ Aroi, K. (20 July 1976). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (34): 1.
  11. ↑ Gillett, S. (8 September 1976). "ELECTORAL ACT 1965 - 1973" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (44): 1.
  12. ↑ "No Fun and Games When Party Politics Creeps Up on Nauru". Pacific Islands Monthly (2): 9–10. 1 February 1977.
  13. ↑ Gillet, S. (16 February 1977). "BY-ELECTION - CONSTITUENCY OF AIWO" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (14): 1.
  14. ↑ "Austin Bernicke Dead". Pacific Islands Monthly (48): 17. March 1977.
  15. ↑ Gadaraoa, David Peter (26 January 1977). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (9): 1.
  16. ↑ Gillet, S. (16 March 1977). "BY-ELECTION - CONSTITUENCY OF BUADA" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (24): 2.
  17. ↑ Gadaraoa, David Peter (15 February 1977). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (15): 1.
  18. ↑ de Silva, R. L. (23 March 1977). "BY-ELECTION - CONSTITUENCY OF ANETA/EWA" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (25): 4.
  19. ↑ Gadaraoa, D. P. (7 March 1977). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (21): 1.
  20. 1 2 "A Bouncer!". Pacific Islands Monthly (8): 20. 1 August 1977.
  21. ↑ Scott, L. (5 April 1977). "BY-ELECTICN AIWO CONSTITUENCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (29): 1.
  22. ↑ Scott, L. (9 May 1977). "AIWO BY-ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (37): 1.
  23. ↑ Lang, David Geoffrey (22 June 1977). "DECLARATION OF AIWO BY-ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (47): 3.
  24. ↑ Gadaraoa, D. P. (20 September 1978). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (50): 1.
  25. ↑ Scott, Laurence (23 March 1977). "DECLARATION OF THE BY-ELECTION IN THE CONSTITUENCY OF UBENIDE" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (58): 1.
  26. ↑ Gadaraoa, D. P. (6 February 1979). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (8): 1–2.
  27. ↑ Jones, P. L. (12 March 1979). "BY-ELECTION FOR ONE MEMBER IN THE PARLIAMENT OF NAURU" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (20): 1–2.
  28. ↑ Gadaraoa, D. P. (12 June 1981). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT FOR ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (30): 2–3.
  29. ↑ "Nauru member bounces back". Pacific Islands Monthly (9): 44. 1 September 1981.
  30. ↑ Star, T.W. (21 July 1981). "DECLARATION OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (39): 1.
  31. ↑ Bhalla, K.S. (26 April 1984). "VACANCY IN THE OFFICE OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (22): 1.
  32. ↑ Star, T.W. (2 May 1984). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT FOR BY-ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (23): 1.
  33. ↑ Jetlie, J. L. (14 June 1984). "DECLARATION OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (37): 1.
  34. ↑ "James Ategan Bop". Pacific Islands Monthly (9): 73. 1 September 1984.
  35. ↑ Star, T.W. (26 July 1984). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT FOR ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (46): 1–2.
  36. ↑ Star, T. W. (30 August 1984). "DECLARATION OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (53): 1–2.
  37. ↑ "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF A MEMBER OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (42): 1. 30 July 1988.
  38. ↑ Mani, V.S. (26 August 1988). "DECLARATION OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (55): 1–5.
  39. ↑ "Births, Deaths and Marriages" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (15): 8. 13 February 1991.
  40. ↑ Gioura, Derog (4 February 1991). "Writ For An Election of a Member of Parliament of the Republic of Nauru to fill a Vacancy" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (9): 1.
  41. ↑ Star, T.W. (4 March 1991). "BY-ELECTION FOR ONE MEMBER IN THE PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (22): 1–2.
  42. ↑ Pollock, Nancy (2020). "DeRoburt, Hammer (1922–1992)". Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  43. ↑ Emiu, K. Deouri (28 July 1992). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (42): 1.
  44. ↑ Emiu, K. Deouri (24 August 1992). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (51): 1–4.
  45. ↑ Emiu, Kelly D. (14 June 1994). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (31): 1.
  46. ↑ Emiu, Kelly D. (11 July 1994). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (41): 1–4.
  47. ↑ Itsimaera, Angie (14 June 1994). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (38): 1.
  48. ↑ Itsimaera, Angie (29 July 1996). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (49): 1–2.
  49. ↑ "Father of Nauru's independence". The Australian. Trove. 7 October 1996. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  50. ↑ Itsimaera, Angie (4 September 1996). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (58): 1–2.
  51. ↑ Itsimaera, Angie (7 October 1996). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (69): 1–6.
  52. 1 2 The Far East and Australasia 2004. 2003. p. 825. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  53. ↑ Emiu, Kelly D. (26 January 1998). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT OF ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (7): 1–3.
  54. ↑ Emiu, Kelly D. (23 February 1998). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (18): 1–6.
  55. ↑ Itsimaera, Angie (29 June 1998). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT OF BY-ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (42): 1.
  56. ↑ Itsimaera, Angie (27 July 1998). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (50): 1.
  57. ↑ Batsiua, Mathew (8 November 2001). "WRIT FOR AN ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU TO FILL A VACANCY" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (68): 1.
  58. ↑ Batsiua, Mathew (10 December 2001). "PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION FOR THE CONSTITUENCY OF UBENIDE" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (75): 1–2.
  59. ↑ Kephas, Jarden (29 December 2004). "NOTIFICATION OF WRIT FOR ELECTION" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (106): 1.
  60. ↑ Kephas, Jarden (24 January 2005). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (8): 1–3.
  61. 1 2 Nauru Electoral Commission (30 March 2017). "Ubenide By-Election Report" (PDF). pp. 3–5.
  62. ↑ Cain, Joseph (20 January 2017). "DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). Republic of Nauru Government Gazette (10): 1–6.
  63. 1 2 "Ludwig Scotty returns to Nauru parliament after by-election". Loop Nauru (Press release). 31 May 2019. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  64. ↑ Nauru Electoral Commission. "2019 Anabar (AIA) By-election Report" (PDF). p. 5.
  65. ↑ Nauru Electoral Commission. "2019 Anabar (AIA) By-election Report" (PDF). p. 27.
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