List of Polish mathematicians

A list of notable Polish mathematicians:

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Name	Image	Born	Died
Bruno Abakanowicz		6 Oct 1852 Ukmergė	29 Aug 1900 Paris
Kazimierz Abramowicz		4 Mar 1889 [1] [2] Brzeziny	10 Sep 1936 [1] [2] Poznań
Andrzej Alexiewicz		11 Feb 1917 [3] Lviv	11 Jul 1995 [3] Poznań
Krzysztof R. Apt		1949 Katowice
Nachman Aronszajn		26 Jul 1907 [4] Warsaw	5 Feb 1980 [4] Corvallis
Tytus Babczyński		1830 [5] [1] [2] Warsaw	1910 [5] [1] [2]
Stefan Banach		30 Mar 1892 [6] [7] [4] Kraków [6] [8]	31 Aug 1945 [6] [8] [9] Lviv [6] [8] [10]
Tadeusz Banachiewicz		13 Feb 1882 [11] [12] [4] Warsaw [11]	17 Nov 1954 [11] [12] [4] Kraków [12]
Feliks Barański		May 1915 Lviv	2006 [1] [2] Kraków
Kazimierz Bartel		3 Mar 1882 [13] [14] [15] Lviv [13]	26 Jul 1941 [13] [14] [16] Lviv [13]
Tomek Bartoszyński		16 May 1957 Warsaw
Andrzej Białynicki-Birula		26 Dec 1935 Navahrudak	19 Apr 2021 [17]
Mieczysław Biernacki		30 Mar 1891 [18] Lublin	21 Nov 1959 [18] Lublin
Karol Borsuk		8 May 1905 [19] [20] [21] Warsaw [19] [21]	24 Jan 1982 [19] [20] [21] Warsaw [19]
Jerzy Browkin		5 Nov 1934 Lukiv	23 Nov 2015 Warsaw
Jan Brożek		1 Nov 1585 Kurzelów	21 Nov 1652 Bronowice Małe, Kraków
Albert Brudzewski		1445 [1] [22] Kalisz, Brudzew	1497 [1] [22] Vilnius
Leon Chwistek		13 Jun 1884 [23] [24] [25] Kraków [25]	20 Aug 1944 [25] [23] [15] Barvikha [26] [27] , Barvikha
Zbigniew Ciesielski		1 Oct 1934 [28] Gdańsk [28]	5 Oct 2020 Sopot
Kazimierz Cwojdziński		8 Jan 1878 Plewiska	12 Aug 1948 Poznań
Adam Danielewicz		23 Dec 1846 Koźminek	25 Jun 1935 Warsaw
Ryszard Engelking		16 Nov 1935 Sosnowiec	16 Nov 2023 Warsaw
Tadeusz Figiel		2 Jul 1948 Gdańsk	8 Sep 2025
Urszula Forys		1965
Kajetan Garbiński		1796 [29] [1] [2] Warsaw	1847 [1] [2] Warsaw
Stanisław Gołąb		26 Jul 1902 [30] [31] [32] Travnik [30]	30 Apr 1980 [30] Kraków [30]
Stanisław Grzepski		1524 [5] [1] [33] , 1524	1570 [5] [1] [33] Kraków
Edward Jan Habich		31 Jan 1835 Warsaw	31 Oct 1909 Lima
Witold Hurewicz		29 Jun 1904 [34] [35] [4] Łódź [36]	6 Sep 1956 [34] [35] [4] Mérida [35] [37]
Henryk Iwaniec		9 Oct 1947 [38] Elbląg
Tadeusz Iwaniec		9 Oct 1947 Elbląg
Zygmunt Janiszewski		12 Jun 1888 [39] [40] Warsaw [41]	3 Jan 1920 [41] [39] Lviv [41]
Stanisław Jaśkowski		22 Apr 1906 Warsaw	16 Nov 1965 Warsaw
Mark Kac		3 Aug 1914 [42] [43] [44] Kremenets [43]	25 Oct 1984 [45] [46] [47] Los Angeles [45] [48]
Stefan Kaczmarz		20 Mar 1895 [49] Sambir	Sep 1939 [50] [1] [2] Poland [49]
Andrzej Kapiszewski		8 Sep 1948 Kraków	5 May 2007 Kraków
Marek Karpinski		25 Mar 1948
Dawid Kielak
Bronisław Knaster		22 May 1893 Warsaw	3 Nov 1980 Wrocław [51]
Adam Adamandy Kochański		5 Aug 1631 Dobrzyń nad Wisłą	17 May 1700 Teplice
Sławomir Kołodziej		12 Mar 1961 Bielsko-Biała
Stanisław Krajewski		1950 [52] [1] [53] Warsaw
Anna Zofia Krygowska		19 Sep 1904 Lviv	16 May 1988 Kraków
Zdzisław Krygowski		22 Dec 1872 [16] Lviv	10 Aug 1955 [16] Poznań
Adrian Krzyżanowski		8 Sep 1788, 7 Sep 1788 [54] Dębowo [54]	21 Aug 1852 [54] Warsaw [54]
Marek Kuczma		10 Oct 1935 [55] [56] Katowice	13 Jun 1991 [55] [56] Katowice
Krystyna Kuperberg		17 Jul 1944 [57] Tarnów
Włodzimierz Kuperberg		19 Jan 1941 [58]
Kazimierz Kuratowski		2 Feb 1896 [59] [60] [61] Warsaw [59] [8]	18 Jun 1980 [59] [60] [61] Warsaw [59]
Irena Lasiecka		4 Feb 1948 [62] Warsaw
Franciszek Leja		27 Jan 1885 [63] Grodzisko Górne	11 Oct 1979 [63] Kraków [63]
Mariusz Lemańczyk		3 Feb 1958 Toruń
Stanisław Leśniewski		30 Mar 1886 [64] [4] [65] Serpukhov	13 May 1939 [64] [4] [65] Warsaw
Marta Lewicka		23 Nov 1972 Gdańsk
Izabella Łaba		1966 [1]
Stanisław Łojasiewicz		9 Oct 1926 [66] [67] Warsaw [66]	14 Nov 2002 [66] [67] Italy
Jerzy Łoś		22 Mar 1920 [68] [69] [70] Lviv [68] [69]	1 Jun 1998 [68] [69] [70] Warsaw [68]
Tomasz Łuczak		13 Mar 1963 [71] Poznań
Jan Łukasiewicz		21 Dec 1878 [72] [73] [74] Lviv [72]	13 Feb 1956 [73] [72] [74] Dublin [72]
Zbigniew Marciniak		9 Apr 1952 Warsaw
Józef Marcinkiewicz		30 Mar 1910 [75] [76] Cimoszka [76]	1940 [76] [77] [1] Kharkiv [78] [79]
Edward Marczewski		15 Nov 1907 [80] [81] Warsaw [80]	17 Oct 1976 [80] [81] Wrocław [80]
Stefan Mazurkiewicz		25 Sep 1888 [82] [83] [84] Warsaw	19 Jun 1945 [82] [83] [84] Grodzisk Mazowiecki [84]
Jan Mikusiński		3 Apr 1913 [85] [86] Ivano-Frankivsk [86]	27 Jul 1987 [85] [86] Katowice
Witold Milewski		1817 [2] Poznań	1889 [2] Poznań
Michał Misiurewicz		9 Nov 1948 Warsaw
Andrzej Mostowski		1 Nov 1913 [87] [88] [89] Lviv [87]	22 Aug 1975 [87] [88] [89] Vancouver [87]
Jan Mycielski		7 Feb 1932 Wiśniowa	18 Jan 2025 [90] Boulder [90]
Edward Neuman		19 Sep 1943 Rydułtowy
Jerzy Neyman		16 Apr 1894 [91] [92] [4] Bender	5 Aug 1981 [91] [92] [4] Oakland
Otto M. Nikodym		13 Aug 1887 [93] [94] Zabolotiv [95]	4 May 1974 [93] [94] Utica [93] [95]
Andrzej S. Nowak		29 Oct 1952 Żagań
Andrew M. Odlyzko		23 Jul 1949 Tarnów
Czesław Olech		22 May 1931 [96] [97] [98] Pińczów [96]	1 Jul 2015 [97] [98] Warsaw [97]
Janusz Onyszkiewicz		18 Dec 1937 Lviv
Władysław Orlicz		24 May 1903 [99] [100] [101] Okocim [99] [101]	9 Aug 1990 [99] [101] Poznań [99] [101]
Zdzisław Pawlak		10 Nov 1926 [102] Łódź	7 Apr 2006 [102] Warsaw
Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt		30 Oct 1728 [103] Salomienka	8 Feb 1810 Daugavpils
Emil Leon Post		11 Feb 1897 [104] [105] [4] Augustów [104]	21 Apr 1954 [104] [105] [4] New York City [104]
Przemysław Prusinkiewicz		1952 [106] [107] [2]
Józef Przytycki		14 Oct 1953 [108] Warsaw
Stanisław Radziszowski		7 Jun 1953 Gdańsk
Maksym Radziwill		24 Feb 1988 Moscow
Aleksander Rajchman		13 Nov 1890 [16] Warsaw	7 Jun 1940 [1] [2] [109] Sachsenhausen concentration camp [110]
Jan Rajewski		14 May 1857 [16]	1906 [2] Lviv
Marian Rejewski		16 Aug 1905 [111] [112] Bydgoszcz [113]	13 Feb 1980 [113] [112] [16] Warsaw [113]
Helena Rasiowa		20 Jun 1917 [114] [115] Vienna	9 Aug 1994 [114] [115] Warsaw
Jerzy Różycki		24 Jul 1909 [16] Vilshana	9 Jan 1942 [16] Mediterranean Sea
Jan Rusinek		2 Dec 1950 Kraków
Andrzej Piotr Ruszczyński		29 Jul 1951 Częstochowa
Czesław Ryll-Nardzewski		7 Oct 1926 Vilnius	18 Sep 2015 Wrocław
Stanisław Saks		30 Dec 1897 [116] [117] [16] Kalisz	23 Nov 1942 [116] [117] [16] Warsaw
Wojciech Samotij		1983 Wrocław
Juliusz Schauder		21 Sep 1899 [118] [16] Lviv	1943 [119] [120] [1] Lviv [119]
Marcin Schroeder		10 Jan 1953 Wrocław
Wacław Sierpiński		14 Mar 1882 Warsaw [121]	21 Oct 1969 [121] [122] [123] Warsaw [10]
Roman Sikorski		11 Jul 1920 [124] [125] [126] Mszczonów	12 Sep 1983 [124] [126] [16] Warsaw
Zdzisław Skupień		27 Nov 1938	1 Jan 2025
Agata Smoktunowicz		12 Oct 1973 Warsaw
Joachim Stegmann		1595 [127] [1] [16] Neuruppin	1633 [128] [127] [1] Cluj-Napoca
Hugo Steinhaus		14 Jan 1887 [129] [130] [4] Jasło [129]	25 Feb 1972 [129] [130] [4] Wrocław [129]
Włodzimierz Stożek		23 Jul 1883 [131] [16] Velyki Mosty [132]	4 Jul 1941 [131] [16] [132] Lviv [131] [132]
Zofia Szmydt		29 Jul 1923 Warsaw	26 Nov 2010 Warsaw
Edyta Szymańska		8 Dec 1970	18 Mar 2015
Władysław Ślebodziński		6 Feb 1884 [133] Pysznica [133]	3 Jan 1972 [134] Wrocław
Jan Śniadecki		29 Aug 1756 [135] [136] [74] Żnin [137]	9 Nov 1830 [135] [74] [24] , 21 Nov 1830 [138] Jašiūnai
Alfred Tarski		14 Jan 1901 [139] [140] [141] Warsaw [139] [142] [143]	26 Oct 1983 [139] [140] [141] Berkeley [139]
Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann		8 Jun 1945 Paris	17 Jun 2022 Edmonton [144]
Andrzej Trybulec		29 Jan 1941 Kraków	11 Sep 2013 Białystok
Stanisław Trybuła		2 Jan 1932 Rafalivka	7 Jan 2008 Wrocław
Stanisław Ulam		13 Apr 1909 [145] [146] Lviv [147]	13 May 1984 [147] [148] [65] Santa Fe [147]
Kazimierz Urbanik		5 Feb 1930 [149] [150] Kremenets [150]	29 May 2005 [149] [150] Wrocław [150]
Arnold Walfisz		2 Jul 1892 [151] Warsaw	29 May 1962 [151] Tbilisi [151]
Mieczysław Warmus		1 Jun 1918	20 Sep 2007 Australia
Tadeusz Ważewski		24 Sep 1896 [152] [153] Horishnia Vyhnanka [154]	5 Sep 1972 [152] [153] Rabka-Zdrój [152]
Jan Węglarz		1947 [155] [2] [156] Poznań [156]
Witold Wilkosz		14 Aug 1891 [157] Kraków	31 Mar 1941 [157] Kraków
Vitello		1230 [5]	1275 [158] [77] [5] Abbaye de Vicogne [159]
Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński		23 Aug 1776 [160] [161] [162] Wolsztyn [163] [8] [164]	9 Aug 1853 [163] [165] Paris [163] [8] [164]
Ignacy Zaborowski		2 Nov 1754	10 Jan 1803 Warsaw
Władysław Zajączkowski		12 Apr 1837 [166] Strzyżów [166]	8 Oct 1898, 7 Oct 1898 [166] Lviv [166]
Kazimierz Zarankiewicz		2 May 1902 [167] Częstochowa	5 Sep 1959 [167] London [167]
Stanisław Zaremba		3 Oct 1863 [168] [169] [170] Romanivka	23 Nov 1942 [168] [169] [170] Kraków [168]
Stanisław Krystyn Zaremba		1903 [171] [1] [2] Kraków [171]	1990 [171] [1] [2] Aberystwyth [171]
Olgierd Zienkiewicz		18 May 1921 [172] [173] [174] Caterham [174]	2 Jan 2009 [175] [172] [173] Swansea
Maciej Zworski		8 Oct 1963 Wrocław [176]
Henryk Zygalski		15 Jul 1908 [177] [16] Poznań	30 Aug 1978 [177] [16] Liss [177]
Antoni Zygmund		26 Dec 1900 [178] [179] [180] Warsaw [181]	30 May 1992 [181] [182] [183] Chicago [181]
Teofil Żebrawski		5 Apr 1800 [184] Wojnicz [184]	5 Feb 1887 [184] Kraków [184]
Wiesław Żelazko		16 Feb 1933 [185] Łódź	6 Nov 2025
Kazimierz Żorawski		22 Jun 1866 [186] [187] [95] Szczurzyn [187] [95]	23 Jan 1953 [187] [186] [95] Warsaw [187] [95]
Wawrzyniec Żmurko		10 Jul 1824 [188] Yavoriv [188]	3 Apr 1889 Lviv [188]

References

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2. MAK (in Polish), Wikidata   Q105192847
3. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Andrzej Alexiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
4. SNAC, Wikidata   Q29861311
5. CERL Thesaurus, Consortium of European Research Libraries, Wikidata   Q60909659
6. GND   11865697X
7. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stefan Banach", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
8. Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (in Russian) (3rd ed.), Moscow: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1969, OCLC   14476314, Wikidata   Q17378135
9. BnF   12281286s
10. Czech National Authority Database, Wikidata   Q13550863
11. GND   11604781X
12. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Tadeusz Banachiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
13. GND   12348748X
14. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Kazimierz Bartel", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
15. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (in German), OL   19088695W, Wikidata   Q237227
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17. https://www.mimuw.edu.pl/nie-zyje-prof-andrzej-szczepan-bialynicki-birula
18. BnF   12574018s
19. GND   1027621473
20. BnF   128599595
21. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Karol Borsuk", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
22. Archivio di Autorità del Museo Galileo (in Italian), Wikidata   Q105263158
23. BnF   121193882
24. The Fine Art Archive, Wikidata   Q107456632
25. GND   118520784
26. http://data.bnf.fr/12119388/leon_chwistek/
27. http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Chwistek-Leon;3886287.html
28. GND   108470032
29. GND   102503885
30. GND   13328333X
31. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Gołąb", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
32. BnF   128972289
33. Bibliografie dějin Českých zemí (in Czech), Wikidata   Q63411600
34. BnF   12347779p
35. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Witold Hurewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
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40. https://books.google.cat/books?id=4siw31DPONUC
41. GND   132512610
42. BnF   12371385p
43. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Mark Kac", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
44. Biografisch Portaal, Wikidata   Q1868372
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51. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Bronisław Knaster", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
52. GND   133787850
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55. GND   12711159X
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58. BnF   145464913
59. GND   107876779
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62. GND   111374383
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64. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Leśniewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
65. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikidata   Q5375741
66. GND   133630595
67. BnF   123550366
68. GND   11932427X
69. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jerzy Łoś", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
70. BnF   16007839x
71. GND   139273158
72. GND   119268663
73. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jan Łukasiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
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75. GND   139273824
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82. GND   1027675697
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84. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stefan Mazurkiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
85. GND   1035621681
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87. GND   118584510
88. BnF   128598754
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90. https://www.dailycamera.com/obituaries/jan-mycielski/
91. BnF   122994614
92. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jerzy Neyman", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
93. GND   117717045
94. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Otto M. Nikodym", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
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97. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Czesław Olech", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
98. BnF   121641917
99. GND   136914764
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101. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Władysław Orlicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
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111. http://marianrejewski.pl/wp/biografia/
112. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Marian Rejewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
113. GND   131832093
114. BnF   12859886s
115. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Helena Rasiowa", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
116. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Saks", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
117. BnF   12859954f
118. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Juliusz Schauder", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
119. GND   118794914
120. Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, Wikidata   Q3294867
121. GND   117725420
122. BnF   12280524t
123. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Wacław Sierpiński", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
124. GND   1035622769
125. BnF   12158114j
126. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Roman Sikorski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
127. BnF   120783537
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129. GND   119168995
130. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Hugo Steinhaus", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
131. GND   1046075926
132. various authors, Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (in German), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Wikidata   Q25666
133. Auschwitz Prisoners Database, Wikidata   Q106652007
134. http://math.uni.wroc.pl/~s266522/slebodzinski.html
135. GND   119476215
136. BnF   123726267
137. http://tnk.krakow.pl/czlonkowie/sniadecki-jan/
138. "Sniadecki, Johann". Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich (in German). 35: 211. 1856. Wikidata   Q90646598.
139. GND   118620851
140. BnF   120345968
141. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Alfred Tarski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
142. https://history.computer.org/pioneers/tarski.html
143. http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4d5nb20m&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00159&toc.depth=1&toc.id=
144. https://www.ptm.org.pl/zawartosc/zmar%C5%82-nicole-tomczak-jaegermann-1945-2022
145. https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Ulam-Stanislaw-Marcin;3991045.html
146. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stanislaw-Ulam
147. GND   119103281
148. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Ulam", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
149. GND   107769751
150. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Kazimierz Urbanik", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
151. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Arnold Walfisz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
152. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Tadeusz Ważewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
153. BnF   13520156r
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158. GND   118975765
159. https://books.google.fr/books?redir_esc=y&hl=fr&id=AX-Mi1XklNoC&q=WITELO#v=snippet&q=WITELO&f=false
160. BnF   12215353m
161. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2008. ISBN   978-0-684-31559-1. OCLC   187313311. OL   26821008M. Wikidata   Q28970153.
162. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8537-8_1
163. GND   119445123
164. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
165. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8537-8_1
166. http://tnk.krakow.pl/czlonkowie/zajaczkowski-wladyslaw/
167. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Kazimierz Zarankiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
168. GND   116966394
169. BnF   123672891
170. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Zaremba", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
171. GND   102768680X
172. GND   108459373
173. BnF   119296828
174. www.accademiadellescienze.it (in Italian), Wikidata   Q107212659
175. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/apr/22/obituary-olgierd-zienkiewicz
176. GND   102713596X
177. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Henryk Zygalski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
178. Andrew Bell, Encyclopædia Britannica, Illustrator: Andrew Bell, Encyclopædia Britannica, OCLC   71783328, OL   8232128W, Wikidata   Q455
179. https://celebratio.org/Zygmund_A/article/403/
180. https://history-of-approximation-theory.com/fpapers/zygmund_work.pdf
181. GND   124637531
182. BnF   12280001s
183. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Antoni Zygmund", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
184. http://tnk.krakow.pl/czlonkowie/zebrawski-teofil/
185. BnF   12342645
186. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Kazimierz Żorawski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
187. Sejm-Wielki.pl (in Polish), Wikidata   Q93482363
188. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Wawrzyniec Żmurko", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews