Travnik

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Travnik
Травник
Town and municipality
Travnik (collage image).jpg
Travnik
Coat of Arms of Travnik.png
Coat of arms
BiH municipality location Travnik.svg
Location of Travnik Municipality within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Travnik
Location of Travnik within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 44°13′35″N17°39′35″E / 44.22639°N 17.65972°E / 44.22639; 17.65972
Country Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton Flag of Central Bosnia.svg  Central Bosnia
Government
 • Municipal mayorKenan Dautović (SDA)
Area
 •  Town and municipality 529 km2 (204 sq mi)
Elevation
514 m (1,686 ft)
Population
 (2013 census)
 • Density101.10/km2 (261.8/sq mi)
 •  Urban
15,344
 • Municipality
53,482
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
72270
Area code +387 30
Website www.opcinatravnik.com.ba

Travnik (Cyrillic : Травник) is a town and a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the administrative center of Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of Sarajevo. As of 2013, the town had a population of 15,344 inhabitants, while the municipality had 53,482 inhabitants.

Contents

Historically, it was the capital city of the governors of Bosnia from 1699 to 1850, and has a cultural heritage dating from that period. [1]

Geography

Travnik is located near the geographic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina at 44°14′N17°40′E / 44.233°N 17.667°E / 44.233; 17.667 . The river Lašva passes through the town, flowing from west to east before joining the Bosna. Travnik itself is built in the large Lašva valley, which connects the Bosna river valley in the east with the Vrbas river valley in the west.

Travnik is found 514 metres (1,686 feet) above sea level. Its most distinguishing geographic feature are its mountains, Vilenica and Vlašić. Vlašić, named after the Vlachs [ citation needed ], is one of the tallest mountains in the country at 1,933 metres (6,342 feet).

A large karst spring, the Plava Voda wellspring, rises under Vlašić mountain, just below Travnik Castle, in the very center of the Old Town of Travnik.

Climate

Travnik has a continental climate, located between the Adriatic sea to the South and Pannonia to the North. Average July temperature is 19.0 °C (66.2 °F). Average January temperature on the other hand is −1.0 °C (30.2 °F). It snows in Travnik every year.

Climate data for Travnik
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Daily mean °C (°F)−1.0
(30.2)		0.6
(33.1)		3.9
(39.0)		8.6
(47.5)		13.3
(55.9)		17.0
(62.6)		19.0
(66.2)		18.9
(66.0)		14.3
(57.7)		9.6
(49.3)		4.8
(40.6)		−0.2
(31.6)		9.1
(48.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)63.9
(2.52)		68.9
(2.71)		59.3
(2.33)		76.8
(3.02)		94.9
(3.74)		91.2
(3.59)		87.5
(3.44)		69.6
(2.74)		106.8
(4.20)		94.4
(3.72)		111.4
(4.39)		106.2
(4.18)		1,030.9
(40.58)
Average rainy days671116151310111012108129
Average snowy days109730000014943
Average dew point °C (°F)−4
(25)		−2
(28)		0
(32)		2
(36)		7
(45)		11
(52)		12
(54)		11
(52)		10
(50)		6
(43)		0
(32)		−2
(28)		4
(40)
Source 1: Climate Charts(temperatures-precipitation 1993-2022) [2]
Source 2: unipage.net(Rain and snow days-dew point) [3]

History

Although there is evidence of some settlement in the region dating back to the Bronze Age, the true history of Travnik begins during the first few centuries AD. Dating from this time there are numerous indications of Roman settlement in the region, including graves, forts, the remains of various other structures, early Christian basilicas, etc. In the town itself, Roman coins and plaques have been found. Some writing found indicates the settlement is closely connected to the known Roman colony in modern-day Zenica, 30 km (19 mi) away.

In the Middle Ages the Travnik area was known as the župa Lašva province of the medieval Bosnian Kingdom. The area is first mentioned by Bela IV of Hungary in 1244. Travnik itself was one of a number of fortified towns in the region, with its fortress Kaštel becoming today's old town sector. The town itself is first mentioned by the Ottomans during their conquest of nearby Jajce.

After the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia in the 15th century, much of the local population converted to Islam as part of the Islamization policy by the Ottoman Empire. The town quickly grew into one of the more important settlements in the region, as authorities constructed mosques, marketplaces, and various infrastructures. During 1699 when Sarajevo was set afire by soldiers of Field-Marshal Prince Eugene of Savoy, Travnik became the capital of the Ottoman province of Bosnia and residence of the Bosnian viziers. The town became an important center of government in the entire western frontier of the empire, and consulates were established by the governments of France and Austria-Hungary.

The period of Austrian occupation brought westernization and industry to Travnik, but also a reduction of importance. While cities such as Banja Luka, Sarajevo, Tuzla, and Zenica grew rapidly, Travnik changed so little that during 1991 it had a mere 30,000 or so people, with 70,000 in the entire municipality.

A large fire started by a spark from a locomotive in September 1903 destroyed most of the town's buildings and homes, leaving only some hamlets and the fortress untouched. [4] The cleanup and rebuilding took several years. [5]

From 1922 to 1929, Travnik was the capital of the Travnik Oblast. From 1929 to 1941, Travnik was part of the Drina Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

During the Bosnian War, the town mostly escaped damage from conflict with Serbian forces, hosting refugees from nearby Jajce, but the area experienced fighting between local Bosniak and Croat factions before the Washington Agreement was signed in 1994. After the war, Travnik was made the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton.

Travnik Fortress Travnik Fort.jpg
Travnik Fortress

Administration

Villages within Travnik municipality Naselja u Travniku.png
Villages within Travnik municipality
Travnik Municipality within the Central Bosnia Canton BiH municipality location Travnik.svg
Travnik Municipality within the Central Bosnia Canton

Travnik is the administrative centre of the Municipality of Travnik, whose area of jurisdiction covers the town of Travnik itself and 89 other rural settlements. [6] Travnik is also the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton, one of the ten Cantons of Bosnia. The municipal government has various agencies dedicated to the operations of the region, ranging from the bureau of urbanization and construction, to the bureau of refugees and displaced persons.

   PartyNumber of representativesCurrent number of representatives
2000.2004.2008.2012.
  SDA
14 / 31
15 / 31
11 / 31
           
  SDP BiH
6 / 25
2 / 25
2 / 25
5 / 25
           
  HDZ BiH
7 / 31
6 / 31
8 / 31
4 / 31
           
  SBB BiH
4 / 31
           
  HDZ 1990
0 / 31
2 / 31
           
  HSS-NHI
2 / 31
1 / 31
1 / 31
1 / 31
           
  HSS SR
1 / 31
           
  LDS BiH
1 / 31
0 / 31
1 / 31
           
Sources: [7] [8] [9] [10]

Economy

The economy of the Travnik region suffered greatly during the war period of the early 1990s. In 1981 Travnik's GDP per capita was 63% of the Yugoslav average. [11] Nowadays, most of the region deals with typical rural work such as farming and herding. As for urban industry, Travnik has several factories producing everything from matches to furniture. Food processing is also a strong industry in the region, especially meat and milk companies.

Tourism

Vizier's grave (turbe) in Travnik. Bogomilen-Schrein Travnik crop (jha).jpg
Vizier's grave (turbe) in Travnik.

Like many Bosnian towns, Travnik's tourism is based largely on its history and geography. Nearby Mount Vlašić is one of the tallest peaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and an excellent spot for skiing, hiking and sledding. Whilst tourism is not very strong for the town, Mount Vlašić is probably its chief tourist attraction. The town is also of interest: numerous structures dating to the Ottoman era have survived in near perfect condition, such as numerous mosques, oriental homes, two clock towers (sahat kula; Travnik is the only town in Bosnia and Herzegovina to have two clock towers) and fountains. The town's old town dates back to the early 15th century, making it one of the most popular widely accessible sites from that time.

Old watermill by Plava voda Plave vode mlin.png
Old watermill by Plava voda

Demographics

Population

Population of settlements – Travnik municipality
Settlement1971198119912013
Total55,82264,10070,74753,482
1Bačvice747574
2Bijelo Bučje924707
3Bilići335287
4Brajići625628
5Brajkovići521394
6Brankovac298255
7Čosići683433
8Čukle1,348524
9Đelilovac1,229777
10Dolac700480
11Dolac na Lašvi504456
12Donje Krčevine497317
13Dub962988
14Gladnik330332
15Gluha Bukovica1,041878
16Goleš1,081425
17Gornje Krčevine759576
18Gradina609383
19Grahovčići1,215403
20Grahovik342277
21Guča Gora847511
22Hamandžići501256
23Han Bila682655
24Jezerci643338
25Kljaci739634
26Krpeljići722629
27Kula450528
28Maline1,4831,095
29Mosor319265
30Mudrike748550
31Nova Bila770692
32Orahovo399328
33Ovčarevo564496
34Paklarevo1,258975
35Podkraj462507
36Podovi1,0391,076
37Podstinje722538
38Pokrajčići1,3781,540
39Poljanice296250
40Polje Slavka Gavrančića415344
41Pulac498417
42Putićevo1,5231,193
43Radića Brdo315230
44Radojčići293312
45Ričice653584
46Seferi527417
47Selići448302
48Šipovik352202
49Slimena9341,231
50Suhi Dol576482
51Travnik12,97715,88819,04116,534
52Turbe4,5493,890
53Turići795650
54Varošluk736693
55Višnjevo967958
56Vitovlje708576
57Vlahovići344309
58Zagrađe631447

Ethnic composition

Ethnic composition – Travnik
2013199119811971
Total15,344 (100,0%)19,041 (100,0%)15,888 (100,0%)12,977 (100,0%)
Bosniaks10,899 (71,03%)7,373 (38,72%)5,822 (36,64%)5,730 (44,16%)
Croats2,847 (18,55%)6,043 (31,74%)5,026 (31,63%)4,538 (34,97%)
Others1,276 (8,316%)694 (3,645%)89 (0,560%)122 (0,940%)
Serbs322 (2,09%)2,131 (11,19%)1,901 (11,97%)1,894 (14,60%)
Yugoslavs2,800 (14,71%)2 867 (18,05%)486 (3,745%)
Montenegrins89 (0,560%)102 (0,786%)
Albanians48 (0,302%)30 (0,231%)
Slovenes30 (0,189%)44 (0,339%)
Macedonians9 (0,057%)21 (0,162%)
Hungarians7 (0,044%)10 (0,077%)
Ethnic composition – Travnik municipality
2013199119811971
Total53,482 (100,0%)70,747 (100,0%)64,100 (100,0%)55,822 (100,0%)
Bosniaks35,648 (66,65%)31,813 (44,97%)27,691 (43,20%)24,480 (43,85%)
Croats15,102 (28,24%)26,118 (36,92%)24,411 (38,08%)22,645 (40,57%)
Others2,092 (3,912%)1,296 (1,832%)325 (0,507%)246 (0,441%)
Serbs640 (1,197%)7,777 (10,99%)7,487 (11,68%)7,554 (13,53%)
Yugoslavs3,743 (5,291%)3,920 (6,115%)626 (1,121%)
Montenegrins126 (0,197%)133 (0,238%)
Albanians63 (0,098%)36 (0,064%)
Slovenes32 (0,050%)49 (0,088%)
Macedonians22 (0,034%)25 (0,045%)
Roma16 (0,025%)18 (0,032%)
Hungarians7 (0,011%)10 (0,018%)

Culture

Travnik's gymnasium is a classic example of the "Two schools under one roof" system. The right side of the building hosts the Croatian-curriculum high school and was renovated with funds from the Republic of Croatia. The left side of the building hosts the Bosnian-curriculum high school and is dilapidated. The courtyard is separated by a fence. Klasicna gimnazija Travnik0496.jpg
Travnik's gymnasium is a classic example of the "Two schools under one roof" system. The right side of the building hosts the Croatian-curriculum high school and was renovated with funds from the Republic of Croatia. The left side of the building hosts the Bosnian-curriculum high school and is dilapidated. The courtyard is separated by a fence.
Birthplace of Ivo Andric Rodna kuca Ive Andrica u Travniku 0.jpg
Birthplace of Ivo Andrić

Travnik has a strong culture, mostly dating back to its time as the center of local government in the Ottoman Empire. Travnik has a popular old town district, which dates back to the period of Bosnian independence during the first half of the 15th century. Numerous mosques and churches exist in the region, as do tombs of important historical figures and excellent examples of Ottoman architecture. The town museum, built in 1950, is one of the more impressive cultural institutions in the region.

One of the main works of Ivo Andrić, a native of Travnik, is the Bosnian Chronicle (or Travnik Chronicle), [12] depicting life in Travnik during the Napoleonic Wars and itself written during World War II.

The Bosnian Tornjak, one of Bosnia's two major dog breeds and national symbol, originated in the area, found around Vlašić mountain.

Sport

The local football team is NK Travnik, established in 1922.

Transport

A 1910 postcard of the now disused Travnik railway station during Austro-Hungarian rule (circa 1910) Narrow-Gauge-Railway Spalatobahn Station-Travnik.jpg
A 1910 postcard of the now disused Travnik railway station during Austro-Hungarian rule (circa 1910)

Rail

Travnik, like the Central Bosnia currently has no rail links. In the past, the city was served by a narrow-gauge railway which has since been abandoned.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Travnik downtown from castle Downtown travnik.png
Travnik downtown from castle

Travnik is twinned with: [13] [14]

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References

  1. ↑ "OVGuide | Online Video Guide". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  2. ↑ Zepner, Laura; Karrasch, Pierre; Wiemann, Felix; Bernard, Lars (2020), "Travnik, Federation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina", ClimateCharts.net – an interactive climate analysis web platform, International Journal of Digital Earth, doi:10.1080/17538947.2020.1829112 , retrieved 14 March 2024, Data Source: CRU Time Series v4.07
  3. ↑ "Weather, climate, temperature by months in Travnik". Unipage. Retrieved 14 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  4. ↑ Clancy, Tim (2013). Bosnia and Herzegovina; page 243. ISBN   9781841624495 . Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  5. ↑ Henderson, Percy Edward (1909). A British Officer in the Balkans; page 196 . Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  6. ↑ "B&H, 2013 census" . Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  7. ↑ "LOKALNI IZBORI 2012 | PRELIMINARNI, NEZVANIČNI I NEKOMPLETNI / NEPOTPUNI REZULTATI". www.izbori.ba.
  8. ↑ "Općinski izbori 2000: izvor glasova. Izbori za općinsko vijeće: Općina Travnik" (PDF). izbori.ba. Središnje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  9. ↑ "Izbori 2004. godine: glasovi za kandidate. Izbori za općinsko vijeće: Općina Travnik" (PDF). izbori.ba. Središnje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  10. ↑ "Potvrđeni izborni rezultati: lokalni izbori 2008. Izbori za općinsko vijeće: Općina Travnik". izbori.ba. Središnje izborno povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  11. ↑ Radovinović, Radovan; Bertić, Ivan, eds. (1984). Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju (in Croatian) (3rd ed.). Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada Liber.
  12. ↑ "Bosnian Chronicle". Ivoandric.org.rs. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  13. ↑ "Bratimljeni gradovi". opcinatravnik.com.ba (in Bosnian). Travnik. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  14. ↑ "Zakazana 39.redovna sjednica Općinskog vijeća". opcinatravnik.com.ba (in Bosnian). Travnik. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
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