Gacko

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Gacko
Гацко
Nemanjina ulica u Gacku.jpg
Gacko
Coat of Arms of Gacko.png
Gacko municipality.svg
Gacko-naselja.PNG
Coordinates: 43°10′N18°32′E / 43.167°N 18.533°E / 43.167; 18.533
Country Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg  Republika Srpska
Geographical region Herzegovina
Boroughs71 (as of 2008)
Government
  Municipal mayorVukota Govedarica (SDS)
  Municipality735.88 km2 (284.12 sq mi)
Population
 (2013 census)
  Town
5,784
  Municipality
8,990
  Municipality density12/km2 (32/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code 59
Klinje lake Jezero Klinje (Gacko) 44.jpg
Klinje lake
Gacko Gacko - View 1.jpg
Gacko

Gacko (Serbian Cyrillic : Гацко) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 5,784 inhabitants, while the municipality has 8,990 inhabitants.

Contents

Geography

The municipality covers an area of 736 km2 (284 sq mi), making it one of the largest municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The town is near the state border with Montenegro.

History

Middle Ages

In the 14th century the region was governed by the powerful Vojinović family. [1]

In 1359, veliki čelnik Dimitrije controlled the region. [2]

Ottoman period

The rebels were defeated at the field of Gacko. This was ultimately due to the lack of foreign support. [3]

Modern history

Austro-Hungarian authorities took it over in 1878, a decision which was made at the Berlin Congress. In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina sparking the Bosnian Crisis, which eventually led to World War I.

After the war, Gacko joined the State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and later the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the end of 1918. These were the first moments of Yugoslavia's existence.

The Croatian fascist Ustaše movement committed the Gacko massacre on 4 June 1941. In response, on 6 June 1941 the rebels from Gacko under the command of Orthodox priest Radojica Perišić started the uprising against the genocidal Independent State of Croatia known as the June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina. The communist historiography intentionally ignored the pre-22 June rebels in Eastern Herzegovina and Sanski Most, because they occurred in the period of collaboration between the communists and fascists, therefore contradicting the communist narrative about rebels being led by communists. [4] On the other hand, the first Partisan battalion established in Gacko at the end of 1941 was named "6th June" in honor of the first date of the uprising. [5] During the period after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the Gacko municipality proclaimed 6 June as their holiday in honor of the beginning of the uprising and held public ceremonies on 6 June named the Day of Gacko. [6]

During the Bosnian War most of the non-Serb population of Gacko and East Herzegovina was driven out or murdered by the VRS and affiliated Serb nationalist paramilitary [7] [8] groups during the creation of the then self-declared Republika Srpska entity.

Settlements

Aside from the town of Gacko, the municipality includes the following settlements:

Demographics

Population

Population of settlements – Gacko municipality
Settlement1879.1885.1895.1910.1921.1931.1948.1953.1961.1971.1981.1991.2013.
Total9,29510,58212,67515,10713,66715,23514,42414,62813,29612,03310,27910,7888,990
1Avtovac594261
2Dobrelji143257
3Gacko1,5275,9111,3681,6042,6024,5845,784
4Lipnik253214
5Miholjače334604

Ethnic composition

Parish home Parokhijski dom,trg Save Vladislavitsha br. 1.jpg
Parish home
Serbian Orthodox Church in Dobrelji 8c. Crkvica u Dobreljima.jpg
Serbian Orthodox Church in Dobrelji
Church of St. Elijah in Nadinici Crkva svetog Ilije Nadinici 5.jpg
Church of St. Elijah in Nadinići
Serbian traditional clothing from Gacko Etnografski muzej Beograd Kolega2357 208.jpg
Serbian traditional clothing from Gacko
Ethnic composition – Gacko town
2013.1991.1981.1971.
Total5,784 (100,0%)4,584 (100,0%)2,602 (100,0%)1,604 (100,0%)
Bosniaks2,253 (49,15%)1,235 (47,46%)776 (48,38%)
Serbs2,144 (46,77%)1,100 (42,28%)776 (48,38%)
Others81 (1,767%)10 (0,384%)6 (0,374%)
Yugoslavs78 (1,702%)207 (7,955%)15 (0,935%)
Croats28 (0,611%)17 (0,653%)10 (0,623%)
Montenegrins31 (1,191%)20 (1,247%)
Macedonians1 (0,038%)
Albanians1 (0,038%)
Slovenes1 (0,062%)
Ethnic composition – Gacko municipality
2013.1991.1981.1971.
Total8,990 (100,0%)10,788 (100,0%)10,279 (100,0%)12,033 (100,0%)
Serbs8,556 (95,17%)6,661 (61,74%)6,215 (60,46%)7,634 (63,44%)
Bosniaks369 (4,105%)3,858 (35,76%)3,424 (33,31%)4,184 (34,77%)
Others50 (0,556%)156 (1,446%)22 (0,214%)33 (0,274%)
Croats15 (0,167%)29 (0,269%)21 (0,204%)15 (0,125%)
Yugoslavs84 (0,779%)380 (3,697%)20 (0,166%)
Montenegrins215 (2,092%)142 (1,180%)
Macedonians1 (0,010%)3 (0,025%)
Albanians1 (0,010%)1 (0,008%)
Slovenes1 (0,008%)

Economy

The Dam on the Klinje Lake is the biggest in the municipality Jezero Klinje (Gacko) 41.jpg
The Dam on the Klinje Lake is the biggest in the municipality
Gacko Power Plant Gacko - Power Plant 2.jpg
Gacko Power Plant

The Gacko coal mine and thermoelectric powerplant is located in the municipality, and is also the largest employer in the area.

The following table gives a preview of the total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018): [9]

Professional fieldTotal
Agriculture, forestry and fishing28
Mining and quarrying682
Manufacturing31
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply1,246
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities129
Construction230
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles155
Transportation and storage78
Accommodation and food services75
Information and communication16
Financial and insurance activities21
Real estate activities-
Professional, scientific and technical activities15
Administrative and support service activities2
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security183
Education185
Human health and social work activities79
Arts, entertainment and recreation39
Other service activities36
Total3,230

Sporta

The local football club, FK Mladost Gacko, plays in the First League of the Republika Srpska.

Volleyball teams, both men's and women's, are among the most successful in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the women's volleyball team being vice champions multiple times, also winning the Cup of Republika Srpska once.

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 53. ISBN   978-0-472-08260-5.
  2. Glas. Vol. 78–80. SANU. 1908. p. 196.
  3. Ćorović, Vladimir (2001) [1997]. "Преокрет у држању Срба". Историја српског народа (in Serbian). Belgrade: Јанус.
  4. Mandić, Petar. "Prva puška hercegovačka". Novosti. Večernje Novosti. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  5. Književnost. Prosveta. 2004. p. 7. Да је овај Устанак почео 6. а не 7. јуна, зна се и по томе што се први партизански батаљон, који је настао у Гацку крајем 1941. године, звао Батаљон 6. јун
  6. Crnogorac, Svetozar. "DAN ZA ISTORIJU – 6. JUN 1941: Hercegovci započeli prvi ustanak u porobljenoj Evropi". Herceg TV. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  7. Mackic, Erna. "War Crimes Shrouded in Silence in East Herzegovina". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  8. Dzidic, Denis (20 May 2019). "Bosnia Charges Ex-Policeman with Abusing, Killing Bosniaks". Balkan Insight.
  9. "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba. Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.

Bibliography