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Intelsat Corporation—formerly INTEL-SAT, INTELSAT, Intelsat—is a communications satellite services provider. Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, it was—from, to 2001—an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast services.
Proton is an expendable launch system used for both commercial and Russian government space launches. The first Proton rocket was launched in 1965. Modern versions of the launch system are still in use as of 2019, making it one of the most successful heavy boosters in the history of spaceflight. All Protons are built at the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center factory in Moscow, transported to the Baikonur Cosmodrome, brought to the launch pad horizontally, and raised into vertical position for launch.
SES S.A. is a communications satellite owner and operator providing video and data connectivity worldwide to broadcasters, content and internet service providers, mobile and fixed network operators, governments and institutions, with a mission to "connect, enable, and enrich".
SES Americom was a major commercial satellite operator of North American geosynchronous satellites based in the United States. The company started as RCA Americom in 1975 before being bought by General Electric in 1986 and then later acquired by SES S.A. in 2001. In September 2009, SES Americom and SES New Skies merged into SES World Skies.
International Launch Services (ILS) is a joint venture with exclusive rights to the worldwide sale of commercial Angara and Proton rocket launch services. Proton launches take place at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan while Angara is planned to launch from the Plesetsk and Vostochny cosmodromes in Russia.
The Nimiq satellites are a Canadian fleet of geostationary telecommunications satellites owned by Telesat and used by satellite television providers including Bell TV and EchoStar. 'Nimiq' is an Inuit word used for an object or a force which binds things together. A contest in 1998 was held to choose the name of these satellites. The contest drew over 36,000 entries.
The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M, Angara A5 or Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers.
Boeing 702 is a family of communication satellite bus designed and manufactured by the Boeing Satellite Development Center. It covers satellites massing from 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) to 6,100 kg (13,400 lb) with power outputs from 3 to 18 kW and can carry more than 100 high-power transponders.
The Proton-M, (Протон-М) GRAU index 8K82M or 8K82KM, is an expendable Russian heavy-lift launch vehicle derived from the Soviet-developed Proton. It is built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81 and 200 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Commercial launches are marketed by International Launch Services (ILS), and generally use Site 200/39. The first Proton-M launch occurred on 7 April 2001.
ELA-3, short for Ensemble de Lancement Ariane 3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 is operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 rockets. As of December 2019, 106 launches have been carried out from it, the first of which occurred on 4 June 1996.
ProtoStar Ltd is a private company incorporated in Bermuda, with U.S. operations based in San Francisco, California and Asian operations based in Singapore. ProtoStar intended to operate an initial fleet of three geostationary satellites. Two satellites were acquired and launched. ProtoStar's anchor customer, Dish TV India Limited, is the largest direct-to-home television operator in India.
Nimiq 5 is a Canadian communications satellite, operated by Telesat Canada as part of its Nimiq fleet of satellites. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 72.7° West of the Greenwich Meridian. As of July 2015, EchoStar Corporation leases the satellite's entire capacity to provide High Definition television direct-to-home broadcasting for Dish Network Corporation. When accessed using a multi-satellite receiver such as the VIP722k and a multi-satellite dish/LNB combo, such as the Dish-300, Dish-500, or Dish-Turbo 1000.4, the satellite is (incorrectly) referred to by the on-screen diagnostics as Echostar 72W.
SES-1 is a geostationary communications satellite which is operated by SES World Skies. It was originally ordered by SES Americom as a ground spare for AMC-5R, however in April 2008 a decision was made to launch it, and it was named AMC-1R. It was subsequently renamed AMC-4R, and finally SES-1 after SES Americom merged with SES New Skies to form SES World Skies. It was the third World Skies satellite to be launched following the merger, but the first to carry the new SES designation. SES-1 operates in geostationary orbit, and is intended to be located at a longitude of 101 degrees West, where it will replace the AMC-2 and AMC-4 satellites, and be used broadcast high-definition television to very small aperture terminals in the United States.
QuetzSat 1 is a Mexican high-power geostationary communications satellite which is operated by the Mexican operator QuetzSat. It is positioned in geostationary orbit, and located at 77° West, from where it provide direct broadcasting services to United States and a part of Mexico for Dish Mexico.
Yamal-402 is a Russian geostationary communications satellite. It was launched on 8 December 2012, 13:13:43 UTC from Site 200/39 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It was built by Thales Alenia Space, and is based on the Spacebus 4000C3 satellite bus. It is equipped with 46 J band transponders. It has a design life of 15 years, but reducing to 11 years expected after launch partial failure.
Türksat 4A is a Turkish communications satellite, operated by Turksat. It was constructed by Mitsubishi Electric (MELCO) of Japan, based on the MELCO DS2000 satellite bus, and was launched by the American-Russian joint-venture company International Launch Services (ILS) atop a Russian Proton-M space launch vehicle on February 14, 2014 at 21:09:03 from Site 81/24 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
Türksat 4B is a Turkish communications satellite, which will be operated by Turksat.
Eutelsat 3D is a communications satellite operated by Eutelsat which will provide services to Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. It will initially be located at 3° E in geosynchronous orbit in a fixed point above the equator, where Eutelsat already has two satellites Eutelsat 3A and Eutelsat 3C. Once Eutelsat 3B is launched in 2014 this satellite will be moved to 7°E.
References
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- Wade, Mark. "Proton". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Intelsat 16 Satellite for Intelsat; First ILS Proton Launch of 2010" (Press release). ILS. February 12, 2010.
- ↑ "Third Proton Launch of 2010 Successful: Trio of GLONASS Satellites in Orbit" (Press release). Khrunichev. March 2, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches EchoStar XIV for DISH Network; 2nd ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 4th Proton in 3 Months" (Press release). ILS. March 21, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-1 for SES 3rd ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 5th Proton in 4 Months" (Press release). International Launch Services. April 24, 2010. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Badr-5 for ARABSAT 4th ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 6th Proton in 6 Months" (Press release). International Launch Services. June 3, 2010. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches EchoStar XV for Echostar 5th ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 7th Proton in 7 Months" (Press release). International Launch Services. July 10, 2010. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "Proton Successfully Launches Three GLONASS Satellites" (Press release). Khrunichev. September 2, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches XM-5 Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services. July 10, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches LightSquared Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services. November 14, 2010. Archived from the original on November 16, 2010.
- ↑ "Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December". Spaceflight Now. December 10, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches The KA-SAT Satellite for Eutelsat" (Press release). International Launch Services. December 27, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Telstar 14R/ Estrela do Sul 2 for Telesat" (Press release). International Launch Services. May 21, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the SES-3 Satellite for SES/First ILS Proton Shared Launch with the KazSat-2 Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services.
- ↑ "Concerning Express-AM4 SC Launch" (Press release). Khrunichev. August 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Express-AM4 Launch Failure Inter-Agency Commission Concludes Investigations" (Press release). Khrunichev. August 30, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES QUETZSAT-1 FOR SES" (Press release). International Launch Services. September 30, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches ViaSat-1 for ViaSat Heaviest Satellite Launched on ILS Proton" (Press release). International Launch Services. October 20, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the AsiaSat 7 Satellite for AsiaSat" (Press release). International Launch Services. November 26, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-4 for SES" (Press release). International Launch Services. February 15, 2012.
- ↑ "Intelsat's Global Broadband Maritime and Aeronautical Infrastructure Continues to Advance with ILS Proton Launch Success of Intelsat 22" (Press release). International Launch Services. March 26, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Y1B Satellite for Yahsat" (Press release). International Launch Services. April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Telesat's Nimiq 6 Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services. May 18, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-5 for SES" (Press release). International Launch Services. July 10, 2012.
- ↑ "Russian Federal Mission with TELKOM 3 and EXPRESS MD2 Satellites Anomaly" (Press release). International Launch Services. August 7, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Launch Success of Intelsat 23" (Press release). International Launch Services. October 14, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Successfully Launches the EchoStar XVI Satellite" (Press release). ILS. November 21, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Declares a Proton Launch Anomaly" (Press release). ILS. December 8, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS FROB Concludes the Yamal 402 Proton Launch Anomaly Investigation". International Launch Services. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ↑ Troubled Russian Satellite Reaches Designated Orbit, RIAN, 2012-12-15
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Satmex 8 Satellite for Satmex" (Press release). ILS. March 27, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Anik G1 for Telesat" (Press release). ILS. April 16, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Eutelsat 3D for Eutelsat" (Press release). ILS. May 15, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-6 for SES" (Press release). ILS. June 4, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches ASTRA 2E for SES" (Press release). ILS. September 30, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Sirius FM-6 Satellite for Sirius XM Radio" (Press release). ILS. October 26, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Inmarsat-5 F1" (Press release). ILS. December 9, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches TURKSAT-4A for TURKSAT" (Press release). ILS. February 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Failure Review Oversight Board (FROB) Concludes Express AM4R Investigation; Return to Flight Mission Success on September 28". International Launch Services . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Ekspress-AM 6 (Eutelsat 53A)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Russia launches a twin for its largest comsat". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Yamal-401 Satellite Marking the 400th Proton Mission" (Press release). ILS. December 15, 2014.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the ASTRA 2G Satellite for SES" (Press release). ILS. December 28, 2014.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Inmarsat-5 F2 Satellite For Inmarsat; Second Global Xpress®Satellite Launch in 3-constellation Series" (Press release). ILS. February 1, 2015.
- ↑ "ILS DECLARES PROTON LAUNCH ANOMALY". International Launch Services . Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ spaceflightnow.com 2015-05-16 Proton crash deals another blow to Russian space sector
- ↑ http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Faulty_Engine_Caused_Proton_M_Failure_Next_Launch_Announcement_Soon_999.html
- ↑ "РОСКОСМОС: НАЗВАНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ РН "ПРОТОН-М" (ROSCOSMOS: Named cause of the accident "Proton-M")" (in Russian). Roscosmos. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES INMARSAT-5 F3 SATELLITE" (Press release). ILS. August 29, 2015.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THE TURKSAT-4B SATELLITE FOR TURKSAT" (Press release). ILS. October 17, 2015.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THE EUTELSAT 9B SATELLITE" (Press release). ILS. January 30, 2016.
- ↑ King, Bob (24 March 2016). "ExoMars Mission Narrowly Avoids Exploding Booster". Universe Today. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (5 April 2016). "Roscosmos gives detailed rebuttal to reports of Proton ExoMars launch anomaly". Spacenews.com. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
- ↑ Blau, Patrick (June 9, 2016). "Proton suffers Second Stage Anomaly, Briz-M Stage lifts Intelsat 31 to target Orbit". Spaceflight101.com.