Foreign relations of Israel refers to diplomatic and trade relations between Israel and other countries around the world. Israel has diplomatic ties with 164 of the other 192 UN member states as of December 2020. Israel is a member of the United Nations and a number of other international organisations. Israel maintains full diplomatic relations with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively. In 2020, Israel signed agreements establishing diplomatic relations with four Arab League countries, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Morocco. As of 2021, Israel had formal diplomatic relations with 168 other countries, while twenty-eight U.N. member states have either never established, or have broken off diplomatic relations with Israel.
The Western Bloc, also known as the Free Bloc, Capitalist Bloc and the American Bloc, was a coalition of the countries that were allied with the United States, a member of NATO, opposed the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact, and advocated anti-communism during the Cold War from 1945-1991. The term was used to distinguish from countries that were seen as allied with the Soviet Union, which were referred to as the Eastern Bloc. The governments and the press of the Western Bloc were more inclined to refer to themselves as the Free World or the First World, whereas the Eastern Bloc was often called the "Communist World" or "Second World".
White phosphorus munitions are weapons that use one of the common allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus. White phosphorus is used in smoke, illumination, and incendiary munitions, and is commonly the burning element of tracer ammunition. Other common names for white phosphorus munitions include WP and the slang terms Willie Pete and Willie Peter, which are derived from William Peter, the World War II phonetic alphabet rendering of the letters WP, which are military jargon. White phosphorus is pyrophoric ; burns fiercely; and can ignite cloth, fuel, ammunition, and other combustibles.
Mehriban Arif qizi Aliyeva is an Azerbaijani politician and physician who is the Vice President and First Lady of Azerbaijan.
Israeli–Turkish relations are the bilateral ties between the Israel and the Republic of Turkey. Israel–Turkey relations were formalized in March 1949, when Turkey was the first Muslim majority country to recognize the State of Israel. Both countries gave high priority to military, strategic, and diplomatic cooperation, while sharing concerns with respect to the regional instabilities in the Middle East. However, relations between the two countries have increasingly deteriorated in recent decades.
Arthur Lenk, is an Israeli diplomat who served as Israel's ambassador to South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland from August 2013 to July 2017. He served as the fourth ambassador of the State of Israel to the Republic of Azerbaijan from August 2005 to July 2009. He then served as director of the Department of International Law in the Office of the Legal Adviser of Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Official diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran were established following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991). Iran and Azerbaijan share, to a large extent, the same history, religion, ethnicity, and culture. The territory of what is now called the Republic of Azerbaijan was only separated from Iran in the first half of the 19th century, through the Russo-Persian Wars. In the area to the North of the river Aras, the territory of the contemporary Republic of Azerbaijan was Iranian territory until it was occupied by Russia. Iran and Azerbaijan are furthermore the only majority Shia Muslim nations in the world. They have respectively the highest and second highest Shia population percentage in the world, as well as the history of Shi'ism which is rooted in both nations from exactly the same moment in history, whereas the majority of the population of both their neighboring nations are either predominantly Christians or Sunni Muslims. However, there are some tensions between the two countries as its political alignment may vary by degree. The Republic of Azerbaijan has a pro-Western aligned government that is allied with Israel, Turkey and the United States while the Islamic Republic of Iran has firmly pro-Russian and pro-Chinese support due to its hostility with the U.S. and has been targeted with sanctions.
Azerbaijan and Israel have engaged in close cooperation since 1992. Azerbaijan is one of the majority Muslim countries, alongside Turkey, Egypt, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Sudan, Kosovo, Morocco, Albania, Gulf countries and the other former Soviet republics to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel. In President Ilham Aliyev's meeting with Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Aliyev praised the active role of the Jewish community living in Azerbaijan in developing bilateral relations between the countries.
A bilateral relationship exists between Armenia and Israel. From 1993 to 2007, Armenia was served by the Embassy of Israel in Georgia. In 1996, Tsolak Momjian was appointed the honorary consul of Armenia in Jerusalem. Eleven years later, the residence of the Embassy of Israel in Armenia was moved to Jerusalem. In October 2010, Shmuel Meirom was appointed the Israeli ambassador to Armenia. Armen Melkonian was appointed the Armenian ambassador to Israel in 2012, with a residence in Cairo. In October of that year, Melkonian presented his credentials to Israeli President Shimon Peres. On 21 September 2019 Armenia announced that it would be opening an embassy in Israel. Despite generally cordial ties between the two, relations soured after Armenia withdrew its ambassador to Israel due to Israeli arms supply to Armenia's enemy, Azerbaijan, in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.
The diplomatic relations between Austria and Azerbaijan established in 1992 after Austria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
Bilateral relations exist between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Bulgaria in political, socio-economic, cultural and other spheres. Cooperation is carried out in such areas as transport and transit of goods, tourism, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, science and high technologies, education, military equipment, etc.
The Consulate General of Israel to the Pacific Northwest Region, is one of Israel’s diplomatic missions abroad, located at 456 Montgomery Street Suite #2100 in San Francisco, California, United States of America in the Financial District.
Rafael Harpaz is an Israeli diplomat in the Israeli Foreign Service. In September 2021 Harpaz was appointed as Deputy Director General for Asia and the Pacific at Israel Ministry for Foreign Affairs. From 2018 to 2021 Harpaz served as the Israeli ambassador to the Philippines. From 2012 to 2015, he served as the Israeli Ambassador to Azerbaijan.
Dan Stav — an Israeli diplomat. He served as Israel's ambassador to Azerbaijan since 31 August 2015 until November 2019. He served as ambassador to Nepal from 2005 until 2010.
Bilateral relations exist between Azerbaijan and Brazil.
The diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Montenegro established in 2008 after Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro. Azerbaijan has a Diplomatic Office in Podgorica. Montenegro has an embassy in Baku.