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Montenegro is a country in Southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, and Croatia and the Adriatic Sea to the northwest with a coastline of 293.5 km. Podgorica is the country's capital and its largest city; it covers 10.4% of Montenegro's territory of 13,812 square kilometres (5,333 sq mi), and is home to roughly 31% of its total population of 621,000. Cetinje is the former royal capital and cultural centre of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the President of Montenegro.
The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro or simply Serbia and Montenegro, known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, FR Yugoslavia (FRY) or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The country bordered Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Albania to the southwest. The state was founded on 27 April 1992 as a federation comprising the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro. In February 2003, it was transformed from a federal republic to a political union until Montenegro seceded from the union in June 2006, leading to the full independence of both Serbia and Montenegro.
In a referendum on 21 May 2006, the people of Montenegro opted to leave the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. This result was confirmed with a declaration of independence by the Montenegrin parliament on 3 June 2006. It simultaneously requested international recognition and outlined foreign policy goals.
According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 26% of Montenegrins approve of U.S. leadership, with 48% disapproving and 26% uncertain.
Greek-Montenegrin relations are foreign relations between Greece and Montenegro. Relations between the Principality of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Greece officially started in 1881. The countries' relations were excellent especially during the Balkan Wars and World War I. Greece recognized Montenegro on 13 June 2006. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 2006. Montenegro has an embassy in Athens. Greece has an embassy in Podgorica. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, and of the NATO. Also Greece is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate. Greece supports the Accession of Montenegro to the European Union.
Montenegro–Ukraine relations relate to bilateral relations between Montenegro and Ukraine. Formal relations began on 15 June 2006 when Ukraine recognized Montenegro, less than two weeks after the Parliament of Montenegro declared the independence of Montenegro from Serbia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 August 2006. Montenegro has an embassy in Kyiv. Ukraine has an embassy in Podgorica. Although economic ties are weak, Montenegro is a transit point for human trafficking between Ukraine and the rest of Europe. Montenegro is membership for the NATO which Ukraine pplied for in 2022.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia is the ministry in the government of Serbia which is in the charge of maintaining the consular affairs and foreign relations of Serbia. The current minister is Marko Đurić, in office since 26 October 2022.
German-Montenegrin relations are foreign relations between Germany and Montenegro. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 2006. Germany has an embassy in Podgorica. Montenegro has an embassy in Berlin and a general consulate in Frankfurt. Both countries are members of Council of Europe and NATO. Also Germany is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate. In 1997 the German Bundeswehr used the Podgorica Airport for the Operation Libelle, which led to the first skirmish involving German forces since World War II.
British – Serbian relations are foreign relations between the United Kingdom and Serbia. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1837. The UK has an embassy and consulate in Belgrade and Serbia has an embassy in London. The Serbian ambassador to the United Kingdom is Dr Dejan Popovic and the British ambassador to Serbia is Sian MacLeod.
Italy–Serbia relations are diplomatic relations between Italy and Serbia. Kingdom of Italy established formal bilateral relations with the Principality of Serbia on 18 January 1879. The strategic partnership between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Italy was established in Rome on 13 November 2009. Italy is one of the member states of the European Union which strongly support Accession of Serbia to the European Union. Both countries are members of the Central European Initiative, OSCE, Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.
Portuguese-Serbian relations date back to 1882. Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade, and Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon. Despite support by Portugal for the independence of Kosovo, Serbian Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković was keen to improve bilateral cooperation. Also, Portugal is backing Serbia's accession to the European Union (EU).
Both Montenegro and the Republic of North Macedonia are full members of the Council of Europe and of the NATO. The Foreign Ministry of North Macedonia states the two countries have excellent political ties, without any open issues between the two countries. The embassy of North Macedonia to Montenegro is located in the capital city of Podgorica. Montenegro's embassy in North Macedonia is also located in the country's capital city, which is Skopje. Also, Montenegro has an honorary consulate in the city of Bitola.
Montenegro–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between Montenegro and the United Kingdom. Both nations are members of the Council of Europe and NATO and had fought on the same side in both World War I and World War II.
Montenegro–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, and of the NATO. Montenegro has an embassy in Madrid. Spain is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia. Montenegro is a European Union candidate and Spain is a European Union member state.
Robert “Bob” Rackmales was the American Chargé d'Affaires ad interim in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from May 1992 until July 1993 and has been teaching at Senior College for a decade.
North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between the Republic of North Macedonia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO.
References
- 1 2 Foreign & Commonwealth Office (23 November 2009). "Country Profile – Montenegro". Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
- ↑ Foreign & Commonwealth Office. "Catherine (Kate) Knight-Sands - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ↑ President of the Parliament of Montenegro Mr Ranko Krivokapić to receive in a farewell visit the Ambassador of the United Kingdom H.E. Ms Catherine Knight-Sands Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine , The Parliament of Montenegro, 6 September 2013
- ↑ Change of Her Majesty’s Ambassador to Montenegro, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, 15 November 2012
- ↑ Ian Whitting, UK Ambassador-designate to Montenegro, meets Montenegrin Ambassador + Military Representative to NATO, UK Delegation, NATO, 3 September 2013
- ↑ "Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Montenegro". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 10 March 2017.
- ↑ "Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Montenegro in August 2020" (Press release). Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 8 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ↑ "Change of His Majesty's Ambassador to Montenegro" (Press release). Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 8 June 2023.
