List of assassinations of the Kurdish Workers' Party insurgency

Last updated

This is a list of assassinations of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency , usually carried out by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) or the security forces of Turkey.

DateTargetAttackerLocationResultCasualtiesComment
30 July 1979Mehmet Celal Bucak PKK Hilvan, Şanlıurfa, Turkey Assassination failed5 killed, 2 woundedBucak was a Kurdish tribal leader and a member of the Turkish parliament. He was injured with his son when PKK militants under Cuma Tak tried to assassinate him. [1] [2]
22 October 1988 Esat Oktay Yıldıran PKK Ümraniye, Istanbul, Turkey Assassination successful1 killedYıldıran was a Turkish military officer who was responsible for torturing inmates in Diyarbakır Prison. He was shot dead on a public bus by a PKK militant. [3] [4]
7 July 1991 Vedat Aydın Turkey Maden, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedVedat Aydın was a leader of the Peoples' Labour Party and the Turkish Human Rights Association. [5]
24 February 1992Cengiz AltunTurkey Istanbul, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedOn 24 February 1992 Yeni Ülke journalist Cengiz Altun was assassinated. He had previously received death threats, and had written an article on the Counterguerrilla in the 2–8 February issue. [6] [7]
31 July 1992Yahya OrhanTurkey Istanbul, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedJournalist Yahya Orhan, who wrote for Özgür Gündem and Yeni Ülke , was assassinated on 31 July 1992. [8]
20 September 1992 Musa Anter Turkey Diyarbakır, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killed, 1 woundedAnter was shot at a festival in 1992 by Turkish JITEM, in an incident in which the politician Orhan Miroğlu was seriously injured. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
18 February 1993Kemal KılıçTurkey Istanbul, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedKemal Kılıç, a former correspondent for Özgür Gündem then writing for Yeni Ülke , was assassinated on 18 February 1993. [14]
4 September 1993 Mehmet Sincar Turkey Batman, TurkeyAssassination successful2 killedMehmet Sincar was a politician of the Democracy Party investigating the murder of Vedat Aydın. [15]
4 September 1993Metin ÖzdemirTurkey Batman, TurkeyAssassination successfulIncluded aboveMetin Özdemir was a politician of the Democracy Party investigating the murder of Vedat Aydın. [15]
6 July 2005 Hikmet Fidan PKK Bağlar, Diyarbakır, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedHikmet Fidan who worked as the senior general chairman for a long time in HADEP before the party was closed, was shot to death with a silencer in front of a building in Turkey. [16]
17 July 2005Hasan ÖzenPKK Vienna, AustriaAssassination successful1 killedPKK's representative of Austria; Hasan Özen was assassinated. Özen was against of Abdullah Öcalan's declarations and he wanted to leave the organization. [17]
12 February 2006Kani YılmazPKKIraqi KurdistanAssassination successful2 killedPKK's former representative of Europe, Kani Yılmaz was assassinated by a bomb that was put into his car on 12 February. Yılmaz was burned to death in the car with a former PKK militant Sabri Tori. [16]
9 January 2013 Sakine Cansız Turkey Paris, FranceAssassination successful3 killedSakine Cansız was one of the co-founders of the PKK. She was shot dead in Paris, on 9 January 2013, with two other female Kurdish activists, Fidan Doğan and Leyla Söylemez. [18] [19] [20]
9 January 2013 Leyla Söylemez Turkey Paris, FranceAssassination successfulIncluded aboveLeyla Söylemez was an area manager of the PKK youth organisation. She was shot dead in Paris, on 9 January 2013, with two other female Kurdish activists, Sakine Cansız and Fidan Doğan. [21]
9 January 2013 Fidan Doğan Turkey Paris, FranceAssassination successfulIncluded aboveFidan Doğan was a Kurdish activist, who worked at the Kurdish information centre in Paris and also represented the Brussels-based Kurdish National Congress in France. She was shot dead in Paris, on 9 January 2013, with two other female Kurdish activists, Sakine Cansız and Leyla Söylemez. [22]
22 July 2015Okan AcarPKK (alleged by Turkey) Ceylanpınar, Şanlıurfa,TurkeyAssassination successful2 killedOn 22 July 2015, two police officers (Okan Acar and Feyyaz Yumuşak) were assassinated by unidentified men. Soon after, 9 Turkey Kurds were anonymously denounced as the killers, arrested and accused of assassinations under PKK orders. Authorship was first claimed by PKK's armed wing HPG, describing it as a retaliation following the prior 2015 Suruç bombing. [23] [24] [25] [26]
22 July 2015Feyyaz YumuşakPKK (alleged by Turkey) Ceylanpınar, Şanlıurfa,TurkeyAssassination successfulIncluded aboveOn 22 July 2015, two police officers (Okan Acar and Feyyaz Yumuşak) were assassinated by unidentified men. Soon after, 9 Turkey Kurds were anonymously denounced as the killers, arrested and accused of assassinations under PKK orders. Authorship was first claimed by PKK's armed wing HPG, describing it as a retaliation following the prior 2015 Suruç bombing. [23] [24] [25] [26]
3 October 2015 Haci Lokman Birlik Turkey Şırnak, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killed Lokman was killed and his corpse tied with a rope to a police car and filmed by the police while being pulled through the streets of Şırnak. Lokman was the brother-in-law of HDP deputy Leyla Birlik. [27] [28]
28 December 2015 Tahir Elçi Turkey (assumed) Diyarbakır, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedPresident of the Diyarbakır Bar Association, who litigated against Turkey at the European Court of Human Rights. [29]
14 September 2016Ahmet BudakPKK Şemdinli, Hakkari, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedAhmet Budak was a politician for AK Party. He was killed in front of his son with a pistol when 3 PKK members including a child attacked him. [30] [31] [32] [33]
22 September 2016Halit BenekPKK Mazıdağı, Mardin, TurkeyAssassination failedNone (+1 perpetrator killed)Halit Benek was governor of Mazıdağı District for AK Party. A PKK member tried to assassinate him on 22 September with a pistol and a grenade but the assassin was shot death by police. [34] [35]
10 October 2016Aydın MuştuPKK Özalp, Van, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedAydın Muştu was vice governor of Özalp District for AK Party. He was killed by PKK members in front of his house on 10 October. [36] [37] [38]
11 October 2016 Deryan Aktert PKK Dicle, Diyarbakır, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killedDeryan Aktert was vice governor of Dicle District for AK Party. He was killed by PKK members on 11 October. [39] [40]
9 November 2016Ali BoutanTurkey Qamishli, Rojava, SyriaAssassination successful1 killedCommander of Anti-Terror Units. [41]
10 November 2016Muhammed Fatih SafitürkPKK Derik, Mardin, TurkeyAssassination successful1 killed, 1 woundedMuhammed Fatih Safitürk was governor of Derik District. He was assassinated by PKK via a bomb in his office. He was critically wounded and died of wounds the day after the attack. His personal chauffeur was also injured but survived. [42] [43] [44] [45]
17 December 2016Turan BedirhanoğluPKK Şırnak, TurkeyAssassination failed1 wounded (+1 perpetrator wounded)Turan Bedirhanoğlu vice governor of Şırnak for AK Party. The Turkish Intelligence was aware of a planned assassination before the planned date and took measures. Bedirhanoğlu was protected by special forces on 17 December. PKK militias opened fire when they realized they were noticed. Dincer was slightly and one of the PKK militias was heavily wounded. [46] [47]
15 August 2018 İsmail Özden TurkeySnune, Sinjar, Iraqi KurdistanAssassination successful1 killedInsurgent's leadership. Assassinated in a Turkish airstrike on Sinjar.
17 July 2019Osman KösePKK (alleged by Turkey) Erbil, Iraqi KurdistanAssassination successful3 killedKöse was an officer in Turkish consulate in Iraq. He was assassinated when he was dining on a restaurant in Erbil. Two Iraqi civilians were also killed in the assassination. Turkish government blamed PKK however, People's Defence Forces (HPG), the armed wing of the PKK never claimed responsibility for the assassination. [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55]
12 October 2019 Hevrin Khalaf Ahrar al-Sharqiya M4 Motorway, Rojava, SyriaAssassination successful1 killedHevrin Khalaf was a Kurdish-Syrian politician who served as the Secretary-General of the Future Syria Party. She was executed by Turkish-backed Ahrar al-Sharqiya militants. [56]
23 June 2020Zehra BerkelTurkeyHelincê, Kobane, SyriaAssassination successful3 killedBerkel was a women's rights activist in Syrian's Rojava region as a coordinating member of the Kongra Star women's movement. She was killed via a Turkish drone attack together Amina Waysi and Mizgin Xelil. [57] Turkey has been criticized for this killing of women's rights activists. [58] [59]
5 June 2021Selman Bozkir (aka Docteur Huseyin)Turkey Makhmour refugee camp, IraqAssassination successful3 killedTurkey claimed the airstrike which killed Bozkir and two others, [60] [61] claiming Bozkir, the camp manager, to be a senior PKK official and the camp to be "an incubator for terrorism". [60] The Makhmour camp was created in the 1990s, hosting refugees fleeing South-Eastern Turkey's destruction. [62]
16-17 August 2021 Seîd Hesen TurkeySinjar, Iraqi Kurdistan Sikeniye village, Sinjar DistrictAssassination successful11 killedSeîd Hessen was an Iraqi Sinjar YBŞ commander targeted by Turkey airstrikes, including airstrikes on his hospital. Two assistants, 4 YBŞ security, and 4 medical staffs were killed. [63]
7 December 2021Marwan Badal HajiTurkey Khanasor, Shingal districtAssassination successful2 killedMarwan Badal Haji was an Iraqi, Yazidi, Sinjar YBS commander. In 2014 while ISIS invaded Sinjar, Badal formed the core of a Yazidi resistance militia which later became the YBS, supported by Syrian YPG. Turkey considers YPG and YBS as foreign offshoots of Turkish PKK. [64]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan Workers' Party</span> Kurdish armed organization

The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement which historically operated throughout Kurdistan but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq. Since 1984, the PKK has been involved in asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. Although the PKK initially sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its goals changed to seeking autonomy and increased political and cultural rights for Kurds within Turkey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdullah Öcalan</span> Founder of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)

Abdullah Öcalan, also known as Apo, is a political prisoner and founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).

Bahoz Erdal, also known as Fahman Husein, in Kurdistan in Syria is a top commander in the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). He is originally from Dêrik in Syrian Kurdistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Defense Units</span> Mainly-Kurdish militia in Syria

The People's Defense Units (YPG), also called People's Protection Units, is a mainly Kurdish militant group in Syria and the primary component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). YPG provides updates about its activities through YPG Press Office Telegram channel and social media accounts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdish National Council</span> Political party in Syria

The Kurdish National Council is a Syrian Kurdish political party. While the KNC had initially more international support than the ruling Democratic Union Party (PYD) during the early years of the Syrian civil war and a strong supporter basis among some Syrian Kurdish refugees, the overwhelming popular support the PYD enjoys has eroded support for the KNC in Syrian Kurdistan, losing almost all popular support.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salih Muslim</span> Syrian Kurdish leader

Salih Muslim Muhammad is the co-chairman of the Democratic Union Party (PYD), the main party of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. As the deputy coordinator of the National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change, he has been the most prominent Kurdish representative for much of the Syrian civil war.

Sakine Cansız was one of the co-founders of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). A Kurdish activist in the 1980s, she was arrested and tortured by Turkish police. A close associate of Abdullah Öcalan and a senior member of the PKK, she was shot dead during the triple murder of Kurdish activists in Paris, France, on 9 January 2013, along with two other female Kurdish activists, Fidan Doğan and Leyla Söylemez.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process</span> Failed peace process between Kurdish militants and Turkey

The Solution process, also known as Peace process or the PKK–Turkish peace process, was a peace process that aimed to resolve the conflict between the Turkey and PKK as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present). The conflict has been ongoing since 1984 and resulted in some 40,000 mortal casualties and great economic losses for Turkey as well as high damage to the general population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rudaw Media Network</span> Kurdish media network

Rudaw Media Network, is a major media broadcaster in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Makhmur is a town in Nineveh Governorate, northern Iraq, approximately 60 km southwest of Erbil and approximately 80 km south-east of Mosul. Makhmur is part of the disputed territories claimed by both the Iraqi Federal Government and the Kurdistan Regional Government. The former controls and maintains the town's legal inclusion in the Nineveh Governorate whilst the latter claims it as part of the Erbil Governorate.

In late July 2015, the third phase of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict between various Kurdish insurgent groups and the Turkish government erupted, following a failed two and a half year-long peace process aimed at resolving the long-running conflict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Şırnak clashes (2015–2016)</span> Clashes during the Turkish-Kurdish conflict

The 2015–2016 Şırnak clashes were a series of armed clashes in the southeastern Şırnak province, between Turkish government forces and Kurdish armed groups, as part of the Turkish–Kurdish conflict.

2016–present clashes in West Iran refers to the ongoing military clashes between Kurdish insurgent party Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI) and the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, which began in April 2016. Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAK) and Komalah expressed their support to the Kurdish cause of PDKI as well, with both clashing with Iranian security forces in 2016 and 2017 respectively. In parallel, a leftist Iranian Kurdish rebel group PJAK resumed military activities against Iran in 2016, following a long period of stalemate.

The SDF insurgency in northern Syria is a campaign of armed attacks carried out by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), following the expansion of the Turkish occupation of northern Syria after the early 2018 Operation Olive Branch carried out by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (TFSA).

The joint Claw-Eagle and Claw-Tiger operations was a Turkish Armed Forces external operation in northern Iraq. The operation took place in the Qandil Mountains, the Sinjar District, and Makhmur, against Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) targets, as part of the ongoing Kurdish–Turkish and Kurdish–Iranian conflicts. Claw-Eagle, the air campaign, began on 15 June 2020. Claw-Tiger, the ground campaign, was launched on 17 June.

Deryan Aktert, chairman of Dicle district for the Justice and Development Party (AKP), was shot by a group of seven or eight people at a gas station owned by him in Dicle on 10 October 2016, around 22:35 TSİ.

Dersim Dağ is a politician of the Peoples Democratic Party (HDP) and a member of the Turkish Parliament. She was 22 years of age when elected, and at the time was one of the youngest parliamentarians.

Operation Claw-Lock was a military operation of the Turkish Armed Forces in northern Iraq. The operation was taking place in the Duhok Governorate against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), as part of the ongoing Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

The Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict is a series of battles and clashes in Iraqi Kurdistan between the ruling Kurdistan Regional Government against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and its allied groups. It started in 1983 and is still ongoing in the form of an insurgency. The PKK's primary method is using guerrilla warfare against the Peshmerga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</span> Armed conflict between Turkey and PKK

The Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency is an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers' Party, as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish, who have either demanded separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan, or attempted to secure autonomy, and/or greater political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey.

References

  1. ↑ "TERÖRÜN İLK MAĞDURU FATİH BUCAK". Urfanatik Haber (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  2. ↑ Marcus, Aliza (April 2004). Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence. NYU Press. p. 45. ISBN   978-0-8147-9587-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ↑ "Rasim Ozan - Esat Oktay Yıldıran ve PKK". takvim.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "Diyarbakır Cezaevi'ndeki işkencenin adı: "Beni Öp Haydar"". CNN Türk (in Turkish). 17 December 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  5. ↑ Önderoğlu, Erol (17 September 2009). "Vedat Aydın murder: Murder File Returned to its Origin after 18 Years". Bianet . Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  6. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Journalists Killed in 1992 - Motive Confirmed: Cengiz Altun". Refworld. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  7. ↑ Orhun, Mehmet (2016). Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey. Routledge. p. 184. ISBN   9781138918870.
  8. ↑ batmanpostasigazetesi, 31 July 2012, Gazeteci Yahya Orhan mezarı başında anıldı
  9. ↑ Cizre, Ümit (2007). Democratic Oversight and Reform of the Security Sector in Turkey: 2005/2006 Status Report. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 244. ISBN   978-3-03735-234-2.
  10. ↑ Ünlü, Ferhat (25 August 2008). "Suikastların adresi hep JİTEM'e çıkıyor". Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2015. Sonra da bildiğiniz gibi Şırnaklı Hamit infaz etti Anter'i. [Then, as you also know Şırnak Hamid Anter was executed.]
  11. ↑ David Romero (2006). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization, and Identity. Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN   978-0-521-85041-4.
  12. ↑ Amnesty International (September 1992). "Kurdish Writer Musa Anter, 74, Murdered" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  13. ↑ Duvakli, Melik (27 August 2008). "JİTEM's illegal actions cost Turkey a fortune". Today's Zaman . Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  14. ↑ Human Rights Watch (1993), The Kurds of Turkey: Killings, Disappearances and Torture, pp18-19
  15. 1 2 "Kurdish politician Mehmet Sincar commemorated on 27th anniversary of his assassination". Bianet - Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  16. 1 2 "Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)". Turkish Weekly. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  17. ↑ DEMİR, Cenker Korhan (2008). "Öğrenen Örgütler ve Terör Örgütleri Bağlamında PKK". Uluslararası İlişkiler / International Relations. 5 (19): 57–88. ISSN   1304-7310. JSTOR   43926075.
  18. ↑ "Kurdish PKK co-founder Sakine Cansiz shot dead in Paris". BBC . 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  19. ↑ "Autopsy: Kurdish women died between 6 and 7pm". FIRAT news agency. 11 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  20. ↑ "Funeral for PKK members set to take place Jan 16". Hurriyet Daily News. Istanbul. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  21. ↑ "France closes the case on the murder in Paris of Sakine, Fidan and Leyla". ANF News. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  22. ↑ "Paris killing victim buried with participation of thousands". Hurriyet. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  23. 1 2 "Acquittal of nine Ceylanpinar murder suspects upheld". 16 April 2019.
  24. 1 2 Hoffman, Max (12 August 2019). "The State of the Turkish-Kurdish Conflict". Center for American Progress. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  25. 1 2 "PKK claims Turkish police killing in revenge for Syria border attack". France 24. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  26. 1 2 AFP, LeFigaro fr avec (22 July 2015). "Le PKK revendique le meurtre de policiers turcs". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  27. ↑ "Father on trial for attending son's funeral: I only buried my son". ANF News. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  28. ↑ "Lawyer takes case of Kurdish man dragged behind armored vehicle to top court after 5 year impasse". www.duvarenglish.com. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  29. ↑ "Turkey:Case concerning the killing of Tahir Elçi and lack of effective investigation into his death". ARTICLE 19. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  30. ↑ "Öldürülen AK Partili siyasetçi Ahmet Budak kimdir?". aksam.com.tr (in Turkish). 15 September 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  31. ↑ "AK Partili Ahmet Budak'a Suikast Düzenleyen Teröristler Öldürüldü - Son Dakika". Sondakika.com (in Turkish). 16 September 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  32. ↑ "Ahmet Budak'ın katledildiği saldırının detayları gerekçeli kararda".
  33. ↑ "AKP'li siyasetçinin cenazesinde tartışma". www.egeninsesi.com. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  34. ↑ "Mardin'in Mazıdağı ilçesi Kaymakamı Halit Benek'e hain suikast girişimi". Karar Gazetesi (in Turkish). 22 September 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  35. ↑ "Mazıdağı Kaymakamı Halit Benek'e suikast girişimi iddiası". Yeni Çağ Gazetesi (in Turkish). 22 September 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  36. ↑ "Son Dakika! HPG, AK Partili Başkan Yarımcısı Muştu'ya Yapılan Suikastı Üstlendi". Haberler.com (in Turkish). 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  37. ↑ "Aydın Muştu suikastini yapan örgüt belli oldu". www.finansgundem.com (in Turkish). 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  38. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "AKP'li siyasetçilere yönelik PKK tehdidi artıyor | DW | 23.10.2016". DW.COM (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  39. ↑ DHA (24 January 2018). "Ak Parti Dicle ilçe başkanına suikast davası başladı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  40. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "AKP Dicle İlçe Başkanı hayatını kaybetti | DW | 11.10.2016". DW.COM (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  41. ↑ Szakola, Albin. "A top Kurdish commander has been assassinated near the Turkish border". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  42. ↑ sabah, daily (11 November 2019). "District governor still honored 3 years after assassination by PKK". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  43. ↑ "Vatikan'da soğuk rüzgarlar! Papa görüşmeyi kabul etmedi". CNN Türk (in Turkish). October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  44. ↑ "Kaymakam Safitürk suikastinin detayları ortaya çıktı". www.haberturk.com (in Turkish). 27 March 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  45. ↑ "Şerif Mesutoğlu on hunger strike for 104 days". ANF News. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  46. ↑ "2 assassinations of PKK failed". 21 December 2016.
  47. ↑ "PKK'nın Belediyeye Atanan Kayyuma Suikast Girişimi Elinde Patladı". Haberler.com (in Turkish). 21 December 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  48. ↑ "Erbil şehidinin katiline idam". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  49. ↑ "Erbil'deki Türk Diplomat Suikastında Bir Tutuklama Daha". Amerika'nin Sesi | Voice of America - Turkish (in Turkish). 21 January 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  50. ↑ "Turkish consulate employee, 2 civilians killed in Erbil shooting: Security". www.kurdistan24.net. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  51. ↑ "Iraqi Kurds accuse PKK of Turkish diplomat's murder". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  52. ↑ "Turkey killed 'instigator' of diplomat's assassination, state news agency says". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  53. ↑ "Suspect in Turkish diplomat assassination arrested". Ahval. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  54. ↑ "Gunmen kill Turkish diplomat in Erbil". Al-Monitor. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  55. ↑ "UAE denounces Turkish, Iranian violations in Iraq |". AW. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  56. ↑ Sly, Liz (13 October 2019). "Turkish-led forces film themselves executing a Kurdish captive in Syria". The Washington Post.
  57. ↑ Van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (23 June 2020). "Turkish drone strike kills 3 women in north Syria's Kurdish city of Kobani". www.kurdistan24.net. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  58. ↑ "Turkey slammed for airstrike that killed three women in Syria". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  59. ↑ "Turkish drone strike kills three Kurdish women in Syria - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. 24 June 2020.
  60. 1 2 "Erdogan says Turkey 'neutralised' PKK official in Iraq camp strike". Reuters. 6 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  61. ↑ "Senior PKK terrorist neutralized by Turkish forces: Erdogan".
  62. ↑ "Turkish air strike kills at least three in refugee camp in Iraq". Reuters. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  63. ↑ Rudaw (18 August 2021). "Turkish airstrike on Shingal clinic killed 4 fighters, 4 health workers: statement". www.rudaw.net. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  64. ↑ Shakir, Layal (7 December 2021). "YBS official killed by Turkish airstrike: statement". www.rudaw.net. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.