List of canals in Pakistan

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Pakistan has one of the largest man-made canal systems in the world, providing irrigation facilities to 48 million acres. [1] The canal network of Pakistan consists of main canals, branch canals, link canals, major distributaries, minor distributaries, and watercourses or field channels. [2]

Contents

Main canal: A principal channel off-taking directly from a river or reservoir which has discharge capacity of above 25 cubic meter/sec (cumecs) is called a main canal or main line. These canals are not used for direct irrigation. They drive water from the river/reservoir through a head regulator, and feed it to branch canals and major distributaries.

Branch canal: They take off water from the main canal and feed the major and minor distributaries. They are also not used for direct irrigation. Their discharge capacity usually ranges from 5-25 cubic meter/second.

Link canal: These canals are meant to transfer water of the three Western Rivers, namely Chenab, Jhelum and Indus, to the canals dependent on the three Eastern Rivers, namely Sutlej, Beas and Ravi.

Some of the notable canals of Pakistan are listed here. [1] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Canals in Punjab

Physical map of Punjab Physical Map of Punjab.jpg
Physical map of Punjab
NameOff-take pointRiverLength (km)Designed head discharge (cusecs)Cultivable command area (acres)ObjectivesCompletion year
Greater Thal Canal Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal Indus 358,500355,000Irrigation of land in Khushab Bhakkar and Layyah districts of Punjab.2009

(Phase I)

Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal Chashma Barrage Indus 21,700n/aDiverts water from River Indus to River Jhelum to meet the requirement of the canals off-taking at Trimmu Barrage on river Jhelum.1971
Chashma Right Bank Canal Chashma Barrage Indus 2721,800267,666Irrigation of lands in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab.2003
Thal Canal Upper Jinnah Barrage Indus 509,0002,115,931Irrigation of Land in Khushab, Bhakkar and Mianwali districts of Punjab.1948
Lower Bari Doab Canal Balloki Headworks Ravi 2129,2921,845,974Irrigates land of Okara, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, and Khanewal districts.1914
Balloki Sulemanki Link Canal Balloki Barrage Ravi 8524,500n/aIt originates from Balloki Barrage on River Ravi and connects with the River Sutlej at Sulemanki Barrage.
Sidhnai CanalSidhnai Headworks Ravi 504,005831,369
Sidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link CanalSidhnai Headworks Ravi 11911,300n/aFeeds water of River Ravi to River Sutlej.
Lower Bahawal CanalSidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link Canal Ravi 766,730771,000
Upper Depalpur CanalBRBD Link Canal Ravi 662,380345,000
Lower Depalpur CanalBalloki Sulemanki Link Canal Ravi 82,360450,500
Marala Ravi Link Canal Marala Barrage Chenab 10122,000154,987Originates from Marala Barrage and transfers the water of Chenab to Ravi.1956
Upper Chenab Canal Marala Barrage Chenab 4216,8501,210,700Irrigates the lands of Gujranwala, Kamoke, Muridke and Sheikhupura.1912
Lower Chenab Canal Khanki Barrage Chenab 648,1433,400,000Irrigation of land in Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Nanakana Sahib, Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.1898
Haveli Main Line Trimmu Barrage Chenab 697,3751,024,000Irrigates the lands of Jhang, Toba Tek Singh, Muzaffargarh, Khanewal, Multan.
Rangpur Canal Trimmu Barrage Chenab 1032,710230,000Irrigates the lands of Jhang, Muzaffargarh
Trimmu Sidhnai Link Canal Trimmu Barrage Chenab 6912,500n/aTransfers water from Trimmu Barage into the Ravi River.
Qadirabad Balloki Link CanalQadirabad Barrage Chenab 12725,000n/aIt is an extension of Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal by which the water is transferred to the Ravi River.
Punjnad Canal Punjnad Barrage Chenab 9210,4841,421,000
Abbasia Link Canal Punjnad Barrage Chenab 765,600n/a
Abbasia Canal Punjnad Barrage Chenab 711,394251,000
Upper Jhelum Canal Mangla Reservoir Jhelum 1428,975535,000Irrigates the plains of Gujrat and Mandi Bahauddin. It provides surplus water to the lower Chenab Canal.1916
Lower Jhelum Canal Rasul Barrage Jhelum 635,2801,453,000Its command area includes the greater part of Chaj Doab – Sargodha, Mandi Bahauddin and Jhang districts in Punjab.1904
Jalalpur Canal Rasul Barrage Jhelum 117175,000Irrigate the lands in Jhelum and Khushab districts.2023
Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal Rasul Barrage Jhelum 4719,000n/aIt carries water from Rasul Barrage on River Jhelum to the River Chenab.
Bahawal Canal Islam Barrage Sutlej 162,74052,023
Fordwah Canal Sulemanki Barrage Sutlej 133,447430,112
Eastern Sadiqia Canal Sulemanki Barrage Sutlej 796,8201,075,000Irrigates the lands of Nili bar.
Upper Pakpattan Canal Sulemanki Barrage Sutlej 1825,508961,158Irrigates the lands of Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari, Lodhran.
Lower Pakpattan CanalSidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link Canal Sutlej 2141,160308,568Irrigates the lands of Vehari, Lodhran, Multan.
Qaim Canal Islam Headworks Sutlej 1148352,797
Kachhi Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 3996,00072,000Irrigation of lands in District Dera Bugti, Balochistan.2017
DG Khan Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 1118,900901,981
Taunsa Punjnad Link Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 611,2002,000,000Carries water from Taunsa on the Indus River to Chenab River to feed the Punjab canals.
Muzaffargarh Canal Taunsa Barrage Indus 1198,901838,380

Canals in Sindh

Physical map of Sindh Physical Map of SIndh.jpg
Physical map of Sindh
NameOff-take pointRiverDesigned head discharge (cusecs)Cultivable command area (acres)ObjectivesCompletion year
Rainee Canal Guddu Barrage Indus 5,155113,690Irrigation of land in District Ghotki of Sindh.2014
Ghotki Canal Guddu Barrage Indus 8,490
Pat Feeder Canal Guddu Barrage Indus Irrigate areas in the Nasirabad and Jafarabad districts of Balochistan.1963
Desert Pat Feeder Guddu Barrage Indus 13,275Irrigation of land in Naseerabad, Jaffarabad, Sohbatpur and Jhal Magsi.
Begari Sindh Feeder Guddu Barrage Indus 14,764
Nara Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 13,6492,300,000It is the longest canal of Pakistan. This canal caters for an area of 2.3 million acres which is nearly equivalent to the entire Sindh area settled on Guddu Barrage alone.1858
Rohri Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 10,8872,600,000Cotton, wheat and sugar-cane are the main crops grown on this canal system.
Nasrat Canal (Sada Wah) [7] Sukkur Barrage Indus
Khairpur East Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 2,094
Khairpur West Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 1,940
North Western Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 5,152965,000
Rice Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 10,658It is a seasonal canal which flows only in kharif season and is designed for rice cultivation in Larkana and surrounding districts.
Dadu Canal Sukkur Barrage Indus 3,1501,300,000It cultivates the fields of paddy, vegetable and cotton crops in Sindh.
Fuleli Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 14,859
Kalri Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 9,000
Pinyari Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 13,636
Akram Wah Canal Kotri Barrage Indus 4,100
Karachi CanalSindh Barrage Indus
Thar CanalSindh Barrage Indus

Canals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Physical map of FNWFP Physical Map of NWFP.jpg
Physical map of FNWFP
NameOff-take pointRiverDesigned head discharge (cusecs)Cultivable command area (acres)
Upper Swat Canal Amandara Headworks Swat 3,600281,000
Lower Swat CanalMunda Headworks Swat 1,940134,500
Pehur Main Canal Tarbela Reservoir Indus 25044,888
Pehur High Level Canal Tarbela Reservoir Indus 100010,531
Warsak Canal Warsak Dam Kabul 595107,414
Kabul River Canal Warsak Dam Kabul 80072,0020

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "WAPDA Annual Report 2019-20". wapda.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  2. "Water Resources and Irrigation Network of Pakistan" (PDF). tripleis.org. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  3. "irrigation zone". irrigation.punjab.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  4. "irrigation network". irrigation.sindh.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  5. "irrigation infrastructure".
  6. "IRSA Balochistan". pakirsa.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  7. "Nusrat Canal overflows". DAWN.COM. 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2024-02-19.