 | This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.(October 2010) |
This is a list of categories of government bonds around the world.
| This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.(October 2010) |
This is a list of categories of government bonds around the world.
| Currency | Country | Generic Name or Nickname | Public sector debt 2022 (US dollar bn nominal equivalent) | Government financial liabilities as % of GDP (end 2022 - source : OECD) | Issuer | Internet site |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yen |  Japan | JGBs | 10,084 | 254.5% | Ministry of Finance (MoF) | Site |
| US dollar |  United States | US Treasuries | 34,472 | 144.2% | Bureau of the Fiscal Service | Site |
| Euro |  Italy | BTPs | 2,941 | 148.5 % | Dipartimento del Tesoro | Site |
| Euro |  France | OATs | 3,484 | 117.3% | Agence France Trésor | Site |
| Euro |  Germany | Bunds | 2,732 | 65.4% | German Finance Agency | Site |
| Pound sterling |  United Kingdom | Gilts | 4,803 | 104.5% | UK Debt Management Office | Site |
| Indian Rupee |  India | G-sec | Not Found | Not Found | Reserve Bank of India | Site |
South Korea Issued by: Ministry of Strategy and Finance
Japan Issued By: Ministry of Finance (Zaimu-shō)
Hong Kong Issued by: Hong Kong Monetary Authority
People's Republic of China Issued by: Ministry of Finance
India Issued by: Reserve Bank of India
Austria Issued By:Österreichische Bundesfinanzierungsagentur, the Austrian Federal Financing Agency
Belgium Issued By:Agentschap van de schuld/Agence de la Dette, the Belgian Debt Agency
Finland Issued By:Valtiokonttori, the Finland State Treasury
France Issued By:Agence France Trésor, the French Debt Agency
Germany Issued By: German Finance Agency , the German Debt Agency
Greece Issued By:Οργανισμός Διαχείρισης Δημοσίου Χρέους, the Public Debt Management Agency (PDMA).
Negotiable debt : Euro 354bn on 31 March 2011 [3]
Italy Issued By:Dipartimento del Tesoro
Netherlands Issued by:Agentschap van het ministerie van Financiën, the Dutch State Treasury Agency
Spain Issued By: Tesoro Público , the Spanish Public Treasury
Bulgaria Issued By: Ministry of Finance
Denmark Issued By: Danmarks Nationalbank, the Danish National Bank
United Kingdom Issued By: UK Debt Management Office
Iceland Issued By:Lánasýsla ríkisins, the Icelandic National Debt Management Agency
Romania Issued By:Ministerul Finanțelor Publice, the Public Finance Ministry
Bond information in English from the Ministry of Public Finance
Sweden Issued By:Riksgäldskontoret, the Swedish National Debt Office
Puerto Rico Issued by: COFINA, Puerto Rico Government Development Bank
United States Issued By: Bureau of the Fiscal Service
Canada Issued By:
In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer (debtor) owes the holder (creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor. The timing and the amount of cash flow provided varies, depending on the economic value that is emphasized upon, thus giving rise to different types of bonds. The interest is usually payable at fixed intervals: semiannual, annual, and less often at other periods. Thus, a bond is a form of loan or IOU. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds to finance long-term investments or, in the case of government bonds, to finance current expenditure.
A government bond or sovereign bond is a form of bond issued by a government to support public spending. It generally includes a commitment to pay periodic interest, called coupon payments, and to repay the face value on the maturity date.
A municipal bond, commonly known as a muni, is a bond issued by state or local governments, or entities they create such as authorities and special districts. In the United States, interest income received by holders of municipal bonds is often, but not always, exempt from federal and state income taxation. Typically, only investors in the highest tax brackets benefit from buying tax-exempt municipal bonds instead of taxable bonds. Taxable equivalent yield calculations are required to make fair comparisons between the two categories.
His Majesty's Treasury, occasionally referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Treasury maintains the Online System for Central Accounting and Reporting, the replacement for the Combined Online Information System, which itemises departmental spending under thousands of category headings, and from which the Whole of Government Accounts annual financial statements are produced.
War bonds are debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war without raising taxes to an unpopular level. They are also a means to control inflation by removing money from circulation in a stimulated wartime economy. War bonds are either retail bonds marketed directly to the public or wholesale bonds traded on a stock market. Exhortations to buy war bonds have often been accompanied by appeals to patriotism and conscience. Retail war bonds, like other retail bonds, tend to have a yield which is below that offered by the market and are often made available in a wide range of denominations to make them affordable for all citizens.
United States Treasury securities, also called Treasuries or Treasurys, are government debt instruments issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to finance government spending, in addition to taxation. Since 2012, the U.S. government debt has been managed by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, succeeding the Bureau of the Public Debt.
Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule. For example, the borrower may have to pay interest at a fixed rate once a year and repay the principal amount on maturity. Fixed-income securities can be contrasted with equity securities that create no obligation to pay dividends or any other form of income. Bonds carry a level of legal protections for investors that equity securities do not: in the event of a bankruptcy, bond holders would be repaid after liquidation of assets, whereas shareholders with stock often receive nothing.
A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation in order to raise financing for a variety of reasons such as to ongoing operations, mergers & acquisitions, or to expand business. It is a longer-term debt instrument indicating that a corporation has borrowed a certain amount of money and promises to repay it in the future under specific terms. Corporate debt instruments with maturity shorter than one year are referred to as commercial paper.
Daily inflation-indexed bonds are bonds where the principal is indexed to inflation or deflation on a daily basis. They are thus designed to hedge the inflation risk of a bond. The first known inflation-indexed bond was issued by the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1780. The market has grown dramatically since the British government began issuing inflation-linked Gilts in 1981. As of 2019, government-issued inflation-linked bonds comprise over $3.1 trillion of the international debt market. The inflation-linked market primarily consists of sovereign bonds, with privately issued inflation-linked bonds constituting a small portion of the market.
The bond market is a financial market in which participants can issue new debt, known as the primary market, or buy and sell debt securities, known as the secondary market. This is usually in the form of bonds, but it may include notes, bills, and so on for public and private expenditures. The bond market has largely been dominated by the United States, which accounts for about 39% of the market. As of 2021, the size of the bond market is estimated to be at $119 trillion worldwide and $46 trillion for the US market, according to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA).
The Bureau of the Public Debt was an agency within the Fiscal Service of the United States Department of the Treasury. United States Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner issued a directive that the Bureau be combined with the Financial Management Service to form the Bureau of the Fiscal Service in 2012.
Gilt-edged securities, also referred to as gilts, are bonds issued by the UK Government. The term is of British origin, and then referred to the debt securities issued by the Bank of England on behalf of His Majesty's Treasury, whose paper certificates had a gilt edge, hence the name.
Debt monetization or monetary financing is the practice of a government borrowing money from the central bank to finance public spending instead of selling bonds to private investors or raising taxes. The central banks who buy government debt, are essentially creating new money in the process to do so. This practice is often informally and pejoratively called printing money or (net) money creation. It is prohibited in many countries, because it is considered dangerous due to the risk of creating runaway inflation.
The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives after allowing for inflation. It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation, which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
TreasuryDirect is a website run by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service under the United States Department of the Treasury that allows US individual investors to purchase treasury securities, such as savings bonds, directly from the US government. It enables people to manage their investments online, including connecting their TreasuryDirect account to a bank account for deposits and withdrawals.
In finance, inflation derivative refers to an over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative that is used to transfer inflation risk from one counterparty to another. See Exotic derivatives.
United States Savings Bonds are debt securities issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to help pay for the U.S. government's borrowing needs. They are considered one of the safest investments because they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. The savings bonds are nonmarketable treasury securities issued to the public, which means they cannot be traded on secondary markets or otherwise transferred. They are redeemable only by the original purchaser, a recipient or a beneficiary in case of the original holder's death.
The Australian government debt is the amount owed by the Australian federal government. The Australian Office of Financial Management, which is part of the Treasury Portfolio, is the agency which manages the government debt and does all the borrowing on behalf of the Australian government. Australian government borrowings are subject to limits and regulation by the Loan Council, unless the borrowing is for defence purposes or is a 'temporary' borrowing. Government debt and borrowings have national macroeconomic implications, and are also used as one of the tools available to the national government in the macroeconomic management of the national economy, enabling the government to create or dampen liquidity in financial markets, with flow on effects on the wider economy.
Cetesdirecto is a Mexican government program established on November 26, 2010 after an effort to promote and extend savings and investment in the country. This program allows small and medium investors to have access to financial services and to invest on government securities with accessible amounts and without commissions.
The Federal Republic of Germany – Finance Agency is the central service provider for the Federal Republic of Germany's borrowing and debt management. Thus it is wholly owned by the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Ministry of Finance. Legal basis is the Federal Government Debt Management Act (Bundesschuldenwesengesetz) that constitutes a special public control and supervision by the Federal Ministry of Finance which in addition itself regularly reports on debt management issues to budget experts from the German Bundestag.