Between 11 June 2019 and 6 June 2023, 91 individuals served as representatives in Senate, the 75-seat upper house of the States-General of the Netherlands. 75 members were elected in the 27 May 2019 Senate election, and 16 members were appointed as replacements as elected representatives resigned or went on leave. Jan Anthonie Bruijn was elected President of the Senate on 2 July 2019.
During this period, the Third Rutte cabinet and Fourth Rutte cabinet reigned. Both coalitions were made up People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD, 12 seats), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA, 9 seats), Democrats 66 (D66, 7 seats) and Christian Union (CU, 4 seats). Totalling 32 seats, the coalition never had a majority in the Senate during this period. The opposition consisted - at the start - of Forum for Democracy (FvD, 12 seats), GroenLinks (GL, 8 seats), Labour Party (PvdA, 6 seats), Party for Freedom (PVV, 5 seats), Socialist Party (SP, 4 seats), Party for the Animals (PvdD, 3 seats), 50PLUS (50+, 2 seats), Reformed Political Party (SGP, 3 seats) and Independent Politics Netherlands (OSF, 1 seat).
Resignations generally do not affect the balance of power, as replacements are appointed from the party list. However, during the term three new parliamentary groups were created, all split off Forum for Democracy. In July–August 2019, Henk Otten, Jeroen de Vries and Dorien Rookmaker left to form the Fractie-Otten. In February 2020, Rookmaker left and was replaced by Otto Hermans who joined the Forum for Democracy group again. In November–December 2020, another 8 members left Forum for Democracy, to form the Fractie-Van Pareren, which was later renamed Fractie-Nanninga. When Nicki Pouw-Verweij (member of the Fractie-Nanninga) left the Senate, she was replaced by Theo Hiddema who joined the Forum for Democracy group. Finally, in March 2022, Paul Frentrop and Theo Hiddema left Forum for Democracy to form the Fractie-Frentrop. This left Forum for Democracy at the end of the term with only one seat.
Name | Party | Assumed office | Term end | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Micky Adriaansens | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 9 January 2022 [lower-alpha 1] | [1] | |
Alfred Arbouw | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [2] | |
Bastiaan van Apeldoorn | SP | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [3] | |
Joop Atsma | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [4] | |
Martine Baay-Timmerman | 50+ | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [5] | |
Joris Backer | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [6] | |
Robert Baljeu | Fractie-Otten | 15 December 2020 | 14 February 2021 | [7] | |
Pim van Ballekom | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [8] | |
Caspar van den Berg | VVD | 18 January 2022 | 12 June 2023 | ||
Hugo Berkhout | FVD [lower-alpha 2] | 26 October 2020 | 12 June 2023 | [9] | |
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 3] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 4] | |||||
Toine Beukering | FVD [lower-alpha 2] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [10] | |
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 3] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 4] | |||||
Ilse Bezaan | PVV | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [11] | |
Mirjam Bikker | CU | 11 June 2019 | 30 March 2021 [lower-alpha 5] | [12] | |
Mirjam de Blécourt | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [13] | |
Margreet de Boer | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [14] | |
Annelien Bredenoord | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [15] | |
Jan Anthonie Bruijn | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [16] | |
Reina de Bruijn-Wezeman | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [17] | |
Eric van der Burg | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 9 January 2022 [lower-alpha 1] | [18] | |
Paul Cliteur | FVD | 11 June 2019 | 25 November 2020 | [19] | |
Ferd Crone | PvdA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [20] | |
Johan Dessing | FVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [21] | |
Diederik van Dijk | SGP | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [22] | |
Boris Dittrich | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [23] | |
Hugo Doornhof | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [24] | |
Peter Essers | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [25] | |
Peter Ester | CU | 11 June 2019 | 11 December 2022 [lower-alpha 6] | [26] | |
Marjolein Faber | PVV | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [27] | |
Mary Fiers | PvdA | 12 October 2021 | 12 June 2023 | ||
Paul Frentrop | FVD [lower-alpha 7] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [28] | |
Fractie-Frentrop [lower-alpha 8] | |||||
Ruard Ganzevoort | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [29] | |
Paulien Geerdink | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [30] | |
Gerben Gerbrandy | OSF | 11 June 2019 | 15 January 2021 [lower-alpha 9] | [31] | |
Arda Gerkens | SP | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [32] | |
Roel van Gurp | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [33] | |
Alexander van Hattem | PVV | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [34] | |
Otto Hermans | FVD [lower-alpha 2] | 10 September 2019 | 12 November 2019 | [35] | |
18 February 2020 | 12 June 2023 | ||||
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 10] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 4] | |||||
Theo Hiddema | FVD [lower-alpha 7] | 13 April 2021 | 12 June 2023 | [36] | |
Fractie-Frentrop [lower-alpha 8] | |||||
Alexandra van Huffelen | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 29 January 2021 [lower-alpha 1] | [37] | |
Tineke Huizinga-Heringa | CU | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [38] | |
Rik Janssen | SP | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [39] | |
Annemarie Jorritsma-Lebbink | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [40] | |
Hamit Karakus | PvdA | 2 March 2021 | 12 June 2023 | [41] | |
Farah Karimi | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [42] | |
Simone Kennedy-Doornbos | CU | 17 January 2023 | 12 June 2023 | ||
Niek Jan van Kesteren | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [43] | |
Ton van Kesteren | PVV | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [44] | |
Jan Keunen | VVD | 26 October 2020 | 12 June 2023 | [45] | |
Tanja Klip-Martin | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [46] | |
Saskia Kluit | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [47] | |
Ben Knapen | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 24 September 2021 [lower-alpha 11] | [48] | |
8 February 2022 | 12 June 2023 | ||||
Niko Koffeman | PvdD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [49] | |
Ruud Koole | PvdA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [50] | |
Tiny Kox | SP | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [51] | |
Mirjam Krijnen | GL | 27 September 2022 | 12 June 2023 | ||
Lennart van der Linden | FVD [lower-alpha 2] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [52] | |
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 3] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 4] | |||||
Henk Jan Meijer | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [53] | |
Carla Moonen | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [54] | |
Annabel Nanninga | FVD | 11 June 2019 | 29 October 2020 [lower-alpha 12] | [55] | |
Fractie-Nanninga | 15 February 2021 | 12 June 2023 | |||
Peter Nicolaï | PvdD | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [56] | |
Jopie Nooren | PvdA | 11 June 2019 | 1 March 2021 [lower-alpha 13] | [57] | |
Ria Oomen-Ruijten | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [58] | |
Henk Otten | FVD [lower-alpha 14] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [59] | |
Fractie-Otten [lower-alpha 15] | |||||
Bob van Pareren | FVD [lower-alpha 2] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [60] | |
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 3] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 4] | |||||
Henk Pijlman | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [61] | |
Nicki Pouw-Verweij | FVD [lower-alpha 2] | 11 June 2019 | 23 July 2019 [lower-alpha 12] | [62] | |
13 November 2019 | 30 March 2021 [lower-alpha 5] | ||||
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 3] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 16] | |||||
Henriëtte Prast | PvdD | 6 April 2021 | 12 June 2023 | [63] | |
Greet Prins | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [64] | |
Ton Raven | OSF | 19 January 2021 | 12 June 2023 | [65] | |
Jeroen Recourt | PvdA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [66] | |
Theo Rietkerk | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [67] | |
Ton Rombouts | CDA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [68] | |
Dorien Rookmaker | FVD [lower-alpha 17] | 11 June 2019 | 9 February 2020 | [69] | |
Fractie-Otten [lower-alpha 18] | |||||
Martin van Rooijen | 50+ | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [70] | |
Paul Rosenmöller | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [71] | |
Peter Schalk | SGP | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [72] | |
Esther-Mirjam Sent | PvdA | 11 June 2019 | 7 October 2021 [lower-alpha 19] | [73] | |
Jonathan Soeharno | CDA | 24 September 2021 | 2 February 2022 [lower-alpha 20] | ||
Petra Stienen | D66 | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [74] | |
Gom van Strien | PVV | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [75] | |
Hendrik-Jan Talsma | CU | 6 April 2021 | 12 June 2023 | [76] | |
Christine Teunissen | PvdD | 11 June 2019 | 30 March 2021 [lower-alpha 5] | [77] | |
Gala Veldhoen | GL | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [78] | |
Kees Vendrik | GL | 11 June 2019 | 27 September 2022 [lower-alpha 21] | [79] | |
Maarten Verkerk | CU | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [80] | |
Peter van der Voort | D66 | 4 February 2020 | 12 June 2023 | [81] | |
Lucas Vos | VVD | 18 January 2022 | 12 June 2023 | ||
Mei Li Vos | PvdA | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [82] | |
Jeroen de Vries | FVD [lower-alpha 17] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [83] | |
Fractie-Otten [lower-alpha 18] | |||||
Loek van Wely | FVD [lower-alpha 22] | 11 June 2019 | 12 June 2023 | [84] | |
Fractie-Van Pareren [lower-alpha 23] | |||||
Fractie-Nanninga [lower-alpha 4] | |||||
Roel Wever | VVD | 11 June 2019 | 16 October 2020 | [85] |
The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the Netherlands.
The Netherlands is a parliamentary representative democracy. A constitutional monarchy, the country is organised as a decentralised unitary state. The Netherlands can be described as a consociational state. Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both of the political community and society as a whole.
The Christian Democratic Appeal is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in the Netherlands.
Democrats 66 is a social liberal and progressive political party in the Netherlands, which positions itself in the centre of the political spectrum. It is a member of the Liberal International (LI) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).
General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 15 March 2017 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives.
Alexandra Carla van Huffelen is a Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 (D66) party.
Hugo A. Berkhout is a Dutch currency specialist and politician. He served as a member of the Senate between October 2020 and June 2023. There, he represented the conservative and right-wing populist party Forum for Democracy until he stepped out of the party the following month amidst an internal crisis. He later joined the splinter party JA21.
Annabel Nanninga is a Dutch politician and journalist who was the co-founder of the JA21 party. She currently leads the party in the Senate and is a representative of the Provincial Council of North Holland. She has been a member of Amsterdam city council since 2018.
Senna Maatoug is a Dutch civil servant and politician, who has been a member of the House of Representatives since the 2021 general election. She is a member of the green political party GroenLinks.
Following the Dutch general election on 17 March 2021, a cabinet formation led to the establishment of the fourth Rutte cabinet in 2022. The coalition included the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Democrats 66 (D66), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Christian Union (CU), the same parties from the preceding third Rutte cabinet. This formation process, lasting 299 days, was the longest formation in Dutch history.
Dijk en Waard is a municipality in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia, the Netherlands. It was formed from the merger of Heerhugowaard and Langedijk on 1 January 2022.
Jonathan Emanuël Soeharno is a Dutch lawyer, professor, and politician. He has been working for law firm De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek since 2008 and as a professor at the University of Amsterdam since 2012. He served as a member of the Senate on behalf of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) for four months between 2021 and 2022 as the replacement of Ben Knapen.
Fonda Sahla is a Dutch politician of the social liberal party Democrats 66 (D66). She has served as a member of the House of Representatives from 2021 to 2023, initially as the temporary replacement of Rens Raemakers but later as the successor of Rob Jetten. Sahla's involvement in her local community led her to become politically active. She was elected to The Hague's municipal council in 2018 and participated in the March 2021 general election but was not directly elected.
In the run-up to the 2023 Dutch general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.
An election to the Dutch Senate was held on 30 May 2023. The 75 members of the Senate were elected by members of the provincial councils and electoral colleges elected two months earlier in provincial and electoral college elections.
GroenLinks–PvdA, alternatively PvdA–GroenLinks, or GreenLeft–Labour in English, is an alliance between GroenLinks (GL) and the Labour Party (PvdA) in the Netherlands. The political alliance was founded at the national level by party leaders Lilianne Ploumen and Jesse Klaver during the 2021–2022 Dutch cabinet formation, whereas local alliances between the two parties had already been formed in prior years. The two parties formed a joint parliamentary group in the Provincial Council of Zeeland in 29 March 2023, then formed a joint group in the Senate following the 2023 Dutch Senate election, and formed a joint group in the House of Representatives on 27 October 2023.