An off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that exists in the South-West Indian Ocean basin outside of the official tropical cyclone season. The World Meteorological Organization currently defines the season as occurring between November 15 and April 30, of the following year, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it lasts through May 15 rather than April 30. As of 2024, there have been at least 113 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season. Cumulatively, at least 165 deaths occurred due to the storms, and the most recent off-season storm was Cyclone Bheki in November 2024.
The wind speeds listed are maximum ten-minute average sustained winds, while the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure, both of which are estimates taken from the archives of either Météo-France, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Fiji Meteorological Service, and New Zealand's MetService. If there are no known estimates of either the winds or pressure then the system is listed as "Not specified" under winds or pressure, if there is no known estimated winds or pressure. For deaths and damages "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Unnamed | November 1 – 7, 1851 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [1] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 5, 1854 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [2] |
Unnamed | May 11 – 17, 1855 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [3] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 3, 1858 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [4] |
Unnamed | May 31 – June 3, 1859 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [5] |
Unnamed | June 11 – 15, 1859 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [6] |
Unnamed | May 1 – 7, 1860 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [7] |
Unnamed | November 11 – 15, 1861 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [8] |
Unnamed | October 11 – 14, 1862 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [9] |
Unnamed | November 11 – 16, 1862 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [10] |
Unnamed | May 21 – 30, 1863 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [11] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 3, 1863 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [12] |
Unnamed | November 1 – 5, 1866 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [13] |
Unnamed | May 1 – 7, 1867 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [14] |
Unnamed | November 11 – 17, 1868 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [15] |
Unnamed | November 1 – 8, 1869 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [16] |
Unnamed | May 1 – 5, 1872 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [17] |
Unnamed | October 1 – 6, 1872 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [18] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 4, 1872 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [19] |
Unnamed | May 11 – 17, 1877 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [20] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 14, 1884 | Tropical storm | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [21] |
Unnamed | May 11 – 18, 1885 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [22] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 12, 1899 | Tropical storm | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [23] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 13, 1902 | Tropical storm | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [24] |
Unnamed | May 9 – 10, 1907 | Tropical storm | Not specified | Not specified | None | None | None | [25] |
Unnamed | May 9 – 15, 1912 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [26] |
Unnamed | May 23 – 29, 1916 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | Mauritius | None | None | [27] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 12, 1921 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [28] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 14, 1927 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [29] |
Unnamed | May 7 – 12, 1929 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | Mauritius | None | None | [30] |
Unnamed | September 9 – 13, 1929 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [31] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 5, 1934 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [32] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 14, 1934 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [33] |
Unnamed | November 14 – 19, 1934 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | Madagascar | None | None | [34] |
Unnamed | May 9 – 17, 1940 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [35] |
Unnamed | September 15 – 26, 1944 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | Mauritius | None | None | [36] |
Unnamed | October 22 – 31, 1944 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [37] |
Unnamed | June 2 – 6, 1949 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | Mauritius | None | None | [38] |
Unnamed | October 15 – 21, 1950 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [39] |
Unnamed | May 10 – 28, 1952 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | Madagascar | None | None | [40] |
Unnamed | July 20 – 29, 1954 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [41] |
Unnamed | October 11 – 23, 1954 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [42] |
Unnamed | November 4 – 8, 1954 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [43] |
Unnamed | October 29 – November 4, 1959 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | Not Specified | Madagascar | None | None | [44] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Anna | November 11 – 14, 1960 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [45] |
Amy | October 6 – 16, 1962 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [46] |
Jose | April 29 – May 3, 1964 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [47] |
Karen | May 2 – 10, 1964 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [48] |
Rose | April 27 – May 6, 1965 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | Not Specified | Réunion | None | None | [49] |
Anne | August 15 – 15, 1965 | Tropical disturbance | 35 km/h (25 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [50] |
Brenda | August 16 – 18, 1965 | Tropical disturbance | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [51] |
Lily | April 22 – May 1, 1966 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [52] |
Angela | September 28 – October 6, 1966 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [53] |
Kathy | May 12 – 21, 1967 | Tropical disturbance | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [54] |
Anita | October 30 – November 2, 1967 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [55] |
Annie | October 28 – November 4, 1968 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [56] |
Aline | August 19 – 22, 1969 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [57] |
Blanche | October 7 – 15, 1969 | Tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [58] |
Corrine | November 11 – 21, 1969 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | Not Specified | Comoros, Mozambique | Unknown | 26 | [59] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Andree | September 16 – 19, 1970 | Tropical disturbance | 45 km/h (30 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [60] |
Betsy | October 1 – 9, 1970 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [61] |
Andrea–Claudine | October 31 – November 13, 1970 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | None | None | [62] |
Odette | July 9 – 16, 1971 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [63] |
Marcelle | May 1 – 3, 1973 | Tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Australia | Unknown | None | [64] |
Alice | September 14 – 24, 1973 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [65] |
Bernadette | October 16 – 28, 1973 | Tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Madagascar | Unknown | None | [66] |
Agathe | October 3 – 14, 1976 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [67] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Bessi–Armelle | November 1 – 20, 1981 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | None | None | None | [68] |
Unnamed | July 4 – 6, 1982 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [69] |
Arilisy | October 27 – 30, 1982 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [70] |
Fely | June 22 – 24, 1983 | Tropical depression | 35 km/h (25 mph) | 1,003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | None | None | None | [71] |
Unnamed | November 9 – 17, 1984 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | None | None | None | [72] |
Unnamed | September 22 – 29, 1985 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [73] |
Billy–Lila | May 9 – 10, 1986 | Tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | None | None | None | [74] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 9, 1987 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [75] |
Iarisena | May 6 – 14, 1988 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [76] |
Adelinina | November 1 – 8, 1988 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | None | None | [77] |
Barisaona | November 12 – 23, 1988 | Tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 954 hPa (28.17 inHg) | None | None | None | [78] |
Unnamed | September 21 – 27, 1989 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [79] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Ikonjo | May 11 – 21, 1990 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Seychelles | None | [80] | |
01S | September 19 – 25, 1990 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [81] |
Gritelle | June 5 – 16, 1991 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | None | None | [82] |
Aviona | September 27 – October 5, 1992 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | None | None | None | [83] |
Babie | October 18 – 21, 1992 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [84] |
Konita | May 2 – 7, 1993 | Tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | None | None | None | [85] |
Antoinette | October 17 – 21, 1996 | Severe tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [86] |
Melanie–Bellamine | November 1 – 11, 1996 | Intense tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | None | None | None | [87] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
12S | June 20 – 24, 2001 | Subtropical depression | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [88] |
Alex–Andre | October 28 – November 8, 2001 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [89] |
Kesiny | May 2 – 11, 2002 | Tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Madagascar | Unknown | 33 | [90] |
01S | September 5 – 8, 2002 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1,003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Seychelles | None | [91] | |
Atang | November 4 – 13, 2002 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania | Unknown | Several | [92] |
Boura | November 14 – 27, 2002 | Tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Mauritius, Réunion | Unknown | None | [93] |
Manou | May 2 – 10, 2003 | Tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Mauritius, Madagascar | Unknown | 89 | [94] |
Abaimba | September 28 – October 4, 2003 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [95] |
Beni | November 9 – 25, 2003 | Intense tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Réunion | Unknown | None | [96] |
Juba | May 5 – 17, 2004 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [97] |
Arola | November 6 – 18, 2004 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | None | None | None | [98] |
Asma | October 15 – 24, 2008 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Madagascar | Unknown | 1 | [99] |
Anja | November 13 – 18, 2009 | Intense tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | None | None | None | [100] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Joël | May 26 – 29, 2010 | Subtropical depression | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Mozambique, Madagascar | Unknown | None | [101] |
Kuena | June 3 – 8, 2012 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [102] |
Anais | October 12 – 19, 2012 | Intense tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | None | None | None | [103] |
Abela | July 15 – 19, 2016 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Madagascar | None | None | [104] |
Bransby | October 3 – 6, 2016 | Subtropical depression | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | None | None | None | [105] |
01S | September 14 – 17, 2018 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [106] |
Alcide | November 5 – 11, 2018 | Intense tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [107] |
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Alicia | November 12 – 17, 2020 | Tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None | [108] |
Karim | May 5 – 7, 2022 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [109] |
Ashley | September 23 – 28, 2022 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Balita | October 3 – 9, 2022 | Moderate tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Fabien | May 12 – 21, 2023 | Intense tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Diego Garcia | None | 16 | |
Hidaya | April 30 – May 4, 2024 | Tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Seychelles, Comoro Islands, Tanzania | None | 1 | |
Ialy | May 16 – 22, 2024 | Tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Seychelles, Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia | None | None | |
01 | August 15 – 17, 2024 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Chagos Archipelago | None | None | |
Ancha | September 30 – October 5, 2024 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Bheki | November 12 – 23, 2024 | Intense tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | None | None | None |
The 1995–96 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a moderately active season that included Cyclone Bonita, which was the first known tropical cyclone to cross from the southern Indian Ocean into the southern Atlantic Ocean. Tropical activity lasted for about six months from the middle of November 1995 to early May 1996. The first storm, Intense Tropical Cyclone Agnielle, formed in the adjacent Australian basin on November 16 and later reached peak winds in the south-west Indian Ocean. The next named storm after Agnielle was Bonita, which formed in early January and killed 42 people. The basin was most active in February, with two tropical cyclones, or the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, as well as a severe tropical storm. The first of these three was Doloresse, which killed 67 people due to a shipwreck in the Comoros. The next storm was Cyclone Edwige, which caused heavy crop damage on Mauritius before looping along the east coast of Madagascar. In March, both Cyclone Flossy and Tropical Storm Guylianne passed near the Mascarene Islands, producing heavy rainfall and gusty winds.
The 2006–07 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season featured the second-most intense tropical cyclones for a season in the tropical cyclone basin, only behind the 2018–19 season. The basin contains the waters of the Indian Ocean south of the equator and west of 90°E. Météo-France's meteorological office in Réunion (MFR), the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the South-West Indian Ocean, tracked 15 tropical disturbances, of which eleven attained gale-force winds. The season began in October 2006 with a short-lived tropical disturbance, followed by Anita in November, which was the first named storm of the season. Cyclone Bondo was the first of six intense tropical cyclones, which took a rare track through the southern Seychelles before making landfall on northwest Madagascar, killing 11 people. Severe Tropical Storm Clovis lasted from December 2006 to January 2007; it struck eastern Madagascar, killing four people.
The 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a near average season, despite beginning unusually early on August 30 with the formation of an early-season tropical depression. Météo-France's meteorological office in Réunion (MFR) ultimately monitored 18 tropical disturbances during the season, of which 15 became tropical depressions. Two storms – Arola and Bento – formed in November, and the latter became the most intense November cyclone on record. Bento attained its peak intensity at a low latitude, and weakened before threatening land. Tropical Cyclone Chambo was the only named storm in December. In January, Severe Tropical Storm Daren and Cyclone Ernest existed simultaneously. The latter storm struck southern Madagascar, and five days later, Moderate Tropical Storm Felapi affected the same area; the two storms killed 78 people and left over 32,000 people homeless. At the end of January, Severe Tropical Storm Gerard existed as an unnamed tropical storm for 18 hours due to discrepancies between warning centers.
The 2003–04 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season featured the most intense tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean, Cyclone Gafilo, as well as nine other named storms. Tropical activity began on September 28 when Moderate Tropical Storm Abaimba formed at a low latitude. Activity continued until late May, following Severe Tropical Storm Juba, which marked the third year in a row that a storm formed in May. The final disturbance, one of sixteen, dissipated on May 24. Activity was near average, and the season was one of the longest on record.
The 1998–99 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a quiet season that had the fourth-lowest number of days with tropical storm or tropical cyclone activity. Most of the storms formed either in the Mozambique Channel or in the far eastern portion of the basin, with five storms crossing from the adjacent Australian basin east of 90° E. As a result, few storms impacted Madagascar, and none made landfall on the African continent. Throughout most of the season, there was below-normal sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar. In February, typically the peak in activity, Réunion island recorded its highest average monthly pressure since 1953. Due to generally unfavorable conditions, there were only six tropical storms tracked by the Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion. There were only two tropical cyclones – a storm with winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).
The 1996–97 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was the longest on record, with both an unusually early start and unusually late ending. Most activity was from November through February. According to the Météo-France office (MFR) at Réunion, there were 21 tropical disturbances, 14 of which intensified into tropical depressions. There were 12 named storms, beginning with Antoinette and proceeding sequentially until Lisette. In addition, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also warned on storms in the region, which identified five other tropical storms. Five of the storms attained tropical cyclone status, or with 10–minute maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph); of these, three strengthened further into intense tropical cyclones, with Daniella and Helinda tied for strongest storm of the season.
The 1998–99 Australian region cyclone season was an above average tropical cyclone season that featured Gwenda, the most intense tropical cyclone in the Australian Region. It began on 1 November 1998 and ended on 30 April 1999. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season, which runs from 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999.
The 1996–97 Australian region cyclone season was an above average tropical cyclone season. It ran from 1 November 1996 to 30 April 1997. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season, and the "tropical cyclone year" ran from 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997.
The 1989–90 Australian region cyclone season was an above average tropical cyclone season. It was also an event in the ongoing cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It ran from 1 November 1989 to 30 April 1990. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season, and the "tropical cyclone year" ran from 1 July 1989 to 30 June 1990.
The 1984–85 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an average cyclone season. Tropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion. The first storm formed in mid-November, though it was not officially named. A few days later, the first official storm of the year (Anety) formed. In December, one storm formed. During January 1985, two tropical cyclones formed towards the end of the month. Three more systems developed in a short period of time in early to mid-February. After nearly two more months of inactivity, an unusually powerful late season storm developed (Helisaonina) in mid-April, which was the strongest storm of the year. While a number of storms during the season reached severe tropical storm status, only one of those intensified further. Even though two tropical cyclones this year made landfall, no known damage was recorded.
The 1981–82 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a destructive and deadly in Madagascar, where four cyclones killed 100 people and caused $250 million (USD) in damage. The season was fairly active, lasting from October to May. There were nine named storms that attained gale-force winds, or at least 65 km/h (40 mph). Five of the storms attained tropical cyclone status, which have 10-minute sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).
The 1989–90 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an average cyclone season, with nine named storms and five tropical cyclones – a storm attaining maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph). The season officially ran from November 1, 1989, to April 30, 1990. Storms were officially tracked by the Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in an unofficial basis. The first storm, Cyclone Alibera, was the second longest-lasting tropical cyclone on record in the basin, with a duration of 22 days. Alibera meandered and changed directions several times before striking southeastern Madagascar on January 1, 1989, where it was considered the worst storm since 1925. The cyclone killed 46 people and left widespread damage. Only the final storm of the year – Severe Tropical Storm Ikonjo – also had significant impact on land, when it left $1.5 million in damage (1990 USD) in the Seychelles.
The 1988–89 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an active season that featured several storms moving near or over the Mascarene Islands or Madagascar. The eleven tropical storms was two greater than average, of which five became tropical cyclones – a storm with maximum sustained winds over 10 minutes of 120 km/h (75 mph) or greater. Storms were monitored by the Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion island in an official capacity, as well as the American Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on an unofficial base. The season began early with Moderate Tropical Storm Adelinina forming in early November, and continued through the middle of April. Adelinina was one of two storms to form in November, the other being Tropical Cyclone Barisaona which crossed from the adjacent Australian basin.
The 1994–95 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons on record, with only four tropical cyclones officially occurring within the South Pacific Ocean basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season ran from November 1, 1994, until April 30, 1995, with the first disturbance of the season developing on November 12 and the last disturbance leaving the base on March 5. The most intense tropical cyclone during the season was Tropical Cyclone Violet, which briefly existed within the basin. After the season, the name William was retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists.
The 1993–94 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was the most active season in the basin since the start of reliable satellite coverage in 1967, until the record was surpassed 25 years later in the 2018–19 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Activity lasted from mid-November, when Moderate Tropical Storm Alexina formed, until mid-April, when Tropical Cyclone Odille became extratropical. Four tropical cyclones – Daisy, Geralda, Litanne, and Nadia – struck eastern Madagascar, of which Geralda was the costliest and deadliest. With gusts as strong as 350 km/h (215 mph) accompanied by heavy rainfall, Geralda destroyed more than 40,000 homes and left 356,000 people homeless. Geralda killed 231 people and caused more than $10 million in damage. Cyclone Nadia was the second deadliest cyclone, having killed 12 people in northern Madagascar and later severely damaging portions of northeastern Mozambique, killing about 240 people and leaving $20 million in damage in the latter country. In February, Cyclone Hollanda struck Mauritius near peak intensity, causing $135 million in damage and two deaths.
The 1994–95 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was fairly active, with storms forming regularly from October through April. It was much less damaging than its predecessor, and most of the storms in the season remained over water or only brushed land. The first system was Tropical Depression A1, which formed in October and passed north of Madagascar. The first named storm was Albertine, which formed on November 23 in the northeastern portion of the basin and became one of three intense tropical cyclones. The last storm was Marlene, which was also an intense tropical cyclone and dissipated on April 11.