| History of Myanmar |
|---|
 |
|
|
|
|
 Myanmarportal |
This is a list of rulers of Martaban (Mottama), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces of Lower Burma, from the 13th to 17th centuries. Martaban was the capital of Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Ramanya) from 1287 to 1364.
The earliest extant evidence of Martaban on records is an 1176 inscription by King Sithu II of Pagan (Bagan). [1]
 |
| Name | Term From | Term Until | Relationship to predecessor(s) | Overlord | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nga Nwe | ? | ? | Appointed | Grandfather of Nga Shwe [2] | |
| Nga Shwe | ? | 1259 | Grandson | Narathihapate | In revolt (1258–1259) |
| Aleimma | 1259 | 1285 | Appointed | Narathihapate | Descendant of Sithu I's Chief Minister Aleimma of Pagan [3] |
| Wareru | c. 11 January 1285 | 30 January 1287 | Usurper | In revolt (1285–87) |
|
| Name | Term From | Term Until | Relationship to predecessor(s) | Overlord | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| See List of Kings of Ramanya (1287–1364) | |||||
| Byattaba | 1364 | 1388 | Brother-in-law of King Binnya U | In revolt (1364–c. 1371/72) (1384–1388) | |
| Byat Ka-Man (Bya Ka-Myin) | 1388 [4] | 1411 or later [note 1] | Razadarit | ||
| Binnya Kyan | 1422 | 1442/43 | Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I | Son of Razadarit | |
| Tala Mi Saw? | 1442/43 | ? | Sister | Binnya Ran I | Daughter of Razadarit |
| Saw Binnya | by 1519 | May 1541 | Binnya Ran II (1510s–1526) Taka Yut Pi (1526–1534) | In revolt (1534–1539) Self-proclaimed king (1539–1541) | |
|
| Name | Term From | Term Until | Relationship to predecessor(s) | Overlord | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saw Lagun Ein | May 1541 | May 1550 | Appointed | Tabinshwehti | Of Hanthawaddy royalty |
| Minye Sithu | 6 June 1552 | March 1556 | Appointed | Bayinnaung | Bayinnaung's brother |
| Minye Nandameit | March 1556 | c. May 1581 | Son | Bayinnaung | |
| Thiri Thudhamma Yaza | 26 May 1581 | 3 May 1584 | Cousin | Bayinnaung (1581) Nanda Bayin (1581–1584) | |
| Mingyi Khamidaw | c. May 1584 | October 1594 [6] | Cousin | Nanda Bayin (1584–1594) | Nanda Bayin's son from minor queen |
| Vacant (1594–1600) | |||||
| Binnya Dala | May 1600 [7] | after 1613 | Appointed | Naresuan (1600–1605) Anaukpetlun (1613–?) | Siamese vassal (1600–1605) Ally of Portuguese Syriam (1605–1613) Burmese vassal (1613 onward) |
Arimardanna Pura is the most famous classical name of the city of Bagan (Pagan), Myanmar. It means the "City that Tramples on Enemies."
Sokkate was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1038 to 1044. The king lost his life in a single combat with Anawrahta, who succeeded him and went on to found the Pagan Empire.
Binnya Dhammaraza was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1421 to 1424. His short reign was marked by rebellions by his half-brothers Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan; renewed invasions by the Ava Kingdom; and various court intrigues. He never had any real control beyond the capital Pegu (Bago), and was poisoned by one of his queens in 1424. He was succeeded by Binnya Ran.
The Forty Years' War was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom.
Letya Zeya Thingyan was governor of Toungoo (Taungoo) from 1408/09 to 1412.
Aleimma was governor of Martaban (Mottama), then a Lower Burma province of the Pagan Empire, from c. 1259 to 1285. Appointed to the office by King Narathihapate, Aleimma proved a loyal governor of the southern province until the 1280s. But when Pagan was fighting a losing war against Mongol invaders in the country's north, he like other vassal rulers in the south began planning to break away. However, the governor himself was assassinated by a local chief named Ma Gadu, who went on to declare independence from Pagan two years later.
Dein Mani-Yut was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy during the reign of King Razadarit (1384–1421). He was also a senior general, and held key governorship posts at Syriam (1370s–1408), Bassein (1408–1415) and Sittaung (1415–1420s). Along with his colleague Byat Za, Dein was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom.
Smin E Bya-Ye Zeik-Bye was chief minister of Hanthawaddy in the 1380s in the service of kings Binnya U and Razadarit. He was a key figure responsible for Razadarit's ascent to power. Though he lost the chief ministership to Byat Za and Dein Mani-Yut in 1388, Zeik-Bye continued to serve as a senior minister at least until 1408.
Binnya Kyan was viceroy of Martaban from 1422 to 1442/43. A son of King Razadarit, Kyan was also governor of Dala from 1414 to 1422, with the title of Binnya Dala.
Tala Mi Saw was a princess of Hanthawaddy Pegu. A daughter of King Razadarit, Saw was married to Gen. Smin Bayan. She may have been appointed governor of Martaban in 1442 or 1443 by her brother King Binnya Ran I, after the death of her other brother Viceroy Binnya Kyan.
Smin Bayan was an early 15th century commander who fought on both sides of the Forty Years' War between Hanthawaddy Pegu and Ava. He is best known in Burmese history for successfully driving back a Chinese invasion in 1414–1415 on behalf of his former enemy Ava.
Thettawshay Thihapate was governor of Taungdwin from the 1360s to c. 1401 during the late Pinya and early Ava periods. After Pinya fell to King Thado Minbya of Sagaing in 1364, he became one of several Pinya vassals that refused to submit to the new king, who went on to found the Ava Kingdom in 1365. He finally submitted to Thado Minbya in 1366 after his town came under siege by Ava forces. He became a loyal vassal of Ava afterwards, and participated in Ava's military campaigns to the early 1390s. He was the father of Queen Shin Myat Hla, the chief queen consort of King Mohnyin Thado.
Min Uti was sawbwa of Mohnyin for a few months in 1450–1451. A grandson of King Mohnyin Thado, Uti, apparently with Chinese support, took control of Mohnyin after the sudden death of his father Thihapate of Mohnyin, and revolted against his maternal uncle King Narapati I of Ava. But his rebellion was quickly defeated, and he was executed in 1451.
Nawrahta of Salin was governor of Salin from 1390 to 1426. A member of the Hanthawaddy royal family, he fled his native Myaungmya in 1390 after his father Laukpya was defeated by King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy. After finding refuge in the northern Ava Kingdom, Nawrahta became a key military commander in the Ava military, and fought against Hanthawaddy in the Forty Years' War. He also served as a minister at the Ava court from 1408 to 1425. After the 1425–1426 succession crisis at Ava, he submitted, albeit belatedly, to the new king Thado. He apparently lost all his positions as he is not mentioned in the royal chronicles again.
Smin Awa Naing Min Thiri was an early 15th-century senior Hanthawaddy court official and military commander. A trusted adviser of King Razadarit, Awa Naing is best remembered in Burmese history for the 1415 battle of Dala–Twante in which his undermanned regiment mortally wounded Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava.
Maha Thamun was a senior minister of the royal court of Hanthawaddy from the 1380s to the 1430s. He also served in the Hanthawaddy armed forces for over 30 years during his kingdom's decades-long war against Ava. He twice led the Hanthawaddy delegation in peace negotiations with Ava in 1391 and in 1430–1431, and secured favorable treaties for his kingdom on both occasions.
This is a list of orders of battle for the First Ava–Hanthawaddy War in which the Royal Ava Armed Forces and their allies Myaungmya armed forces fought the Royal Hanthawaddy Armed Forces between 1385 and 1391.
This is a list of orders of battle for the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War in which the Royal Ava Armed Forces defended an invasion by the Royal Hanthawaddy Armed Forces between 1401 and 1403.