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Separatist militant insurgency in Kashmir since 1989 has led to several terrorist attacks and incidents within the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. [1] [2]
| Security personnel deaths | 6413 |
| Civilian deaths | 14930 |
| Militant deaths | 23386 |
| Total | 44729 [3] |
|---|---|
| Data from Ministry of Home Affairs | |
| Year | Date | Incident | Perpetrators | Deaths | Ref | State Government | Central Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | 14 September | Assassination of BJP leader and Lawyer Tika Lal Taploo. | Anti-Pandit Militants | 1 | [4] | Farooq Abdullah (JKNC) | Rajiv Gandhi (INC) |
| 4 November | Assassination of retired Judge Nilkanth Ganjoo. | JKLF | 1 | ||||
| 1990 | 13 February | Assassination of Lassa Kaul (Director of Doordarshan) | Anti-Pandit Militants | 1 | [5] [6] | V. P. Singh | |
| 6 April | Assassination of CEO of Hindustan Machine Tools H. L. Khera. | JKLF | 2 | ||||
| Assassination of Vice Chancellor of University of Kashmir, Mushir-u-Haq. | |||||||
| 1 May | Assassination of Sarwanand Koul Premi and his son. | Anti-Pandit Militants | 2 | ||||
| 21 May | Assassination of Imam Mohammad Farooq Shah. | Hizbul Mujahideen | 1 | ||||
| 1990–1991 | Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus | Anti-Hindu and Anti India Millitants | 217-228 | [7] [8] | Dissolved | Chandra Shekhar (SJPR) (INC) | |
| 1994 | 29 March | Assassination of Lt Gen E. W. Fernandes and other Indian Army officers. | Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen | 15 | [9] [5] | Dissolved | P. V. Narasimha Rao (INC) |
| 1995 | 26 January | Assassination attempt on Governor Lt Gen K. V. Krishna Rao. | Hizbul Mujahideen Lashkar-e-Taiba | 8 | [10] | ||
| 20 July | Bomb Explosion in Jammu | 20 | [11] | ||||
| 1998 | 26 January | Wandhama massacre | 23 | Farooq Abdullah (JKNC) | Inder Kumar Gujral (INC) | ||
| 17 April | Prankote massacre | 29 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee (BJP) | ||||
| 21 April | Thub Village massacre | 13 | |||||
| 19 June | Chapnari massacre | 25 | |||||
| 3 August | Chamba massacre | 35 | |||||
| 1999 | 7 September | Assassination of BJP Candidate Haider Noorani [12] | 1 | [12] | |||
| 3 November | Suicide attack at Badami Bagh cantonment | 10 | [13] | ||||
| 24 December | Suicide bomber attack on JnK Special Operations group police officers | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 12 | [11] | |||
| 2000 | 7 January | Attack on the Meteorological Center, Srinagar. | 4 | [5] | |||
| 20 March | Chittisinghpura massacre | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 35 | ||||
| 15 May | Assassination of Minister for Power, Gulam Hasan Bhat | Hizbul Mujahideen | 5 | ||||
| August | 2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre | 62 | [14] | ||||
| 3 November | Assassination of Aga Syed Mehdi in a landmine explosion | 6 | [15] | ||||
| 25 December | Attack on Army HQ Badami Bagh, Srinagar | 9 | [5] | ||||
| 2001 | 9 February | Suicide bomber attack on JnK police control room | Al-Umar-Mujahideen | 12 | |||
| 10 February | 2001 Kot Charwal massacre | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 15 | ||||
| 2 March | Ambush on police personnel in Rajouri | 17 | |||||
| 8 June | Grenade explosion in Charar-e-Sharief shrine. | 4 | |||||
| 20 July | Amarnath Massacre | 8 | [16] | ||||
| 21 July | Doda Massacre | 16 | [5] | ||||
| 2-3 August | 2001 Kishtwar massacre | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 15 | ||||
| 7 August | Jammu Railway Station shootout | 13 | [17] [18] | ||||
| 29 August | Anantnag bus attack | 9 | [5] | ||||
| 1 October | Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly car bombing | Jaish-e-Mohammed | 36 | ||||
| 2002 | 20 January | Poonch massacre | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 11 | |||
| 30 March | First Raghunath temple attacks | 11 | |||||
| 14 May | 2002 Kaluchak massacre | 31 | [19] | ||||
| 21 March | Assassination of Abdul Ghani Lone | 1 | [20] | ||||
| 13 July | 2002 Qasim Nagar massacre | 25 | |||||
| 6 August | 2002 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre | 11 | |||||
| 11 September | Assassination of Mushtaq Lone, State Law Minister | 3 | [21] | Mufti Mohammad Sayeed | |||
| 11 November | IED blast on the Jammu Srinagar national highway | 8 | [5] | ||||
| 22 November | IED blast in Srinagar | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 6 | ||||
| 23 November | IED blast at Lower Munda on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. | 19 | |||||
| 24 November | Secoind Raghunath temple attacks | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 14 | ||||
| 5 December | Assassination of Ghulam Mohiuddin Lone, brother of Mushtaq Lone. | 1 | |||||
| 20 December | Assassination of Abdul Aziz Mir | 1 | |||||
| 2003 | 28 January | Assassination of Farooq Ahmed Kuchchay, NC politician | Hizbul Mujahideen | 2 | |||
| 14 March | Suicide attack on Muharram procession in Poonch | 4 | |||||
| 16 March | Attack on remote police post | 11 | |||||
| 23 March | Nadimarg massacre | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 24 | [22] | |||
| 22 April | Landmine blast in Udhampur | 6 | [5] | ||||
| 19 May | Massacre in form of beheading in Rajouri | Jaish-e-Mohammed | 6 | ||||
| 26 May | Ambush at the house of a Village Defence Committee member | 5 | |||||
| 28 June | Suicide attack at Sunjwan military base | 12 | |||||
| 22 July | Suicide attack at the Akhnoor army base, killing one Brigadier | 8 | |||||
| 13 September | Ambush on the car of political leader Mohammad Yusuf Parray | 3 | [23] | ||||
| 2004 | 2 January | Suicide attack at the Jammu Railway Station | 4 | [24] | |||
| 3 March | Suicide attack at the Court complex in Jammu | 7 | |||||
| 9 March | Suicide attack at the PIB of the GOI | 2 | |||||
| Suicide attack on Directorate of Information of the Govt of JnK | |||||||
| 8 April | Attack at a PDP political rally in Uri | 11 | [25] | ||||
| 23 May | IED explosion at the Jammu-Srinagar Highway | 30 | [5] | Manmohan Singh (INC) | |||
| 26 June | Terrorist attack in Surankote | 12 | |||||
| 2 July | Attack on the convoy of MP, Choudhury Lal Singh | 6 | [26] | ||||
| 19 July | Assassination attempt on Deputy Chief Minister Mangat Ram Sharma | 6 | [27] | ||||
| 28 July | Overnight gunfight at the paramilitary base on the banks of Dal lake | 5 | [5] [28] | ||||
| 4 August | Ambush at CRPF camp | 9 | [24] | ||||
| 5 December | IED explosion in Pulwama | 10 | [5] | ||||
| 2005 | 7 January | Suicide attack on Income tax office, Srinagar | 3-5 | [24] [29] | |||
| 24 February | Suicide attack at Divisional Commissioners office | 6 | [5] | ||||
| 12 May | Grenade attack in a school in Srinagar | 2 | [30] | ||||
| 13 June | Explosives-laden car detonates in Pulwama | 13 | [5] | ||||
| 24 June | Bus boarded by security personnel attacked by bomb in Srinagar | 9 | [31] | ||||
| 19 July | Attack at a village in Udhampur | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 6 | [5] | |||
| 20 July | Suicide attack on Army vehicle in Srinagar | 5 | |||||
| 9 September | 3 Families attacked in Udhampur | 6 | |||||
| 10 September | Attack on an Army convoy on the Srinagar-Jammu National Highway | 5 | |||||
| 10 October | Four families attacked in Rajouri | Hizbul Mujahideen | 10 | ||||
| 18 October | Assassination of Dr. Ghulam Nabi Lone, Minister for Education | Islamic Front | 4 | [24] | |||
| 2 November | Suicide attack near the residence of outgoing CM Mufti Md Sayeed | 10 | |||||
| 14 November | Suicide attack at a business hub in Srinagar | Islamic Front | 4 | Ghulam Nabi Azad (INC) | |||
| 15 November | Assassination attempt on PDP leader Ghulam Hassan Mir | 3-6 | [32] | ||||
| 16 November | Assassination attempt on Minister Usman Majeed | 4 | [5] | ||||
| 2006 | 23 January | Gunfight with special operations group | 4 | ||||
| 9 April | Terrorists kill a family of 3 in Udhampur | 3 | |||||
| 14 April | Serial grenade blasts in Srinagar | 5 | |||||
| 1 May | Doda massacre | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 34 | ||||
| 21 May | Attack on the Rally of CM Ghulam Nabi Azad | 6-7 | [33] | ||||
| 25 May | Grenade attack in Srinagar | 8 | [5] | ||||
| 12 June | Attack on Laborers in Anantnag | 9 | |||||
| 30 June | Assassination of Ghulam Nabi Dar, NC leader in Kulgam | 7 | [34] | ||||
| 11 July | Grenade attack in Srinagar | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 8 | [5] | |||
| 10 November | Grenade attack in Pulwama | 6 | |||||
| 2007 | 8 February | Ambush on Security Patrol in Pulwama | 5 | ||||
| 30 March | Attack on laborers in Rajouri | 5 | |||||
| 29 July | Attack on a civilian bus near Shalimar Garden | 6 | |||||
| 17 August | IED blast near Security forces in Awantipora | 5 | |||||
| 11 October | IED blast in Baramullah | Hizbul Mujahideen | 7 | ||||
| 2008 | 13 June | Ambush on Army personnel | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 5 | |||
| 4 July | Ambush on Army personnel in Kupwara | 5 | |||||
| 19 July | IED blast in an Army bus in Srinagar | Hizbul Mujahideen | 10 | Dissolved | |||
| 24 July | Grenade attack in SSrinagar | 5 | |||||
| Attack on the house of a surrendered militant | Hizbul Mujahideen | 4 | |||||
| 27 August | Suicide attack in Kenachak | 11 | |||||
| 2009 | 21 April | IED blast in Poonch | 5 | Omar Abdullah (JKNC) | |||
| 12 September | IED blast in Central Jail in Srinagar | 3 | |||||
| 30 December | Shootout on CRPF vehicles | Hizbul Mujahideen | 4 | ||||
| 2010 | 16 March | Attack on civilians in Srinagar | 6 | ||||
| 2013 | 24 June | Ambush on Army personnel in Srinagar | Hizbul Mujahideen | 8 | [13] | ||
| 26 September | Twin suicide attacks in Kathua | 13 | [35] [5] | ||||
| 2014 | 28 March | Truck Hijacking in Kathua | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 6 | |||
| 7 April | Landmine explosion in Baranda Mor | 3 | |||||
| 13 August | Attack in Pulwama before new Prime ministers visit | 3 | Narendra Modi (BJP) | ||||
| 27 November | Suicide attack in Arnia | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 10 | [13] | |||
| 5 December | Suicide attack on Army personnel in Uri | 17 | |||||
| 2015 | 20 March | Suicide attack in a Kathua police station | 6 | Dissolved | |||
| 6 April | A militant attack in Shopian District | 3 | [35] | Mehbooba Mufti (JKPDP) | |||
| 2016 | 2 January | 2016 Pathankot Airbase attack | Jaish-e-Mohammed | 12 | |||
| 17 August | Ambush on Military convoy in Baramullah | 3 | |||||
| 18 September | 2016 Uri attack | Jaish-e-Mohammed | 24 | ||||
| 29 November | Suicide attack on Military personnel in Nagrota | 7 | |||||
| 2017 | 23 February | Attack on a Patrol party in Shopian | 4 | ||||
| 1 May | Ambush on a Bank Van in Kulgam | 7 | |||||
| 16 June | Ambush on Military convoy in Anantnag | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 6 | ||||
| 10 July | 2017 Amarnath Yatra massacre | 8 | |||||
| 26 August | Suicide attack on Security forces in Pulwama | 8 | |||||
| 21 September | Assassination attempt on PDP leader Naeem Akhtar | Hizbul Mujahideen | 3 | ||||
| 2018 | 6 January | IED blast in Sopore | 4 | ||||
| 10 February | Suicide attack on Sunjuwan Military Station | People's Anti-Fascist Front | 9 | ||||
| 29 August | Militant attack at Arhama in Shopian District | 4 | Dissolved | ||||
| 21 October | Attack at Laroo village in Kulgam | 15 | |||||
| 2019 | 14 February | 2019 Pulwama attack | Jaish-e-Mohammed | 41 | |||
| 12 June | Ambush on Security forces in a school in Anantnag | Al-Umar-Mujahideen | 5 | ||||
| 29 October | Attack on Bengali laboureres | 5 | |||||
| 2020 | 4 May | Attack on CRPF patrol | 4 | ||||
| 8 July | Assassination of BJP leader Wasim Ahmad Bari | 3 | G. C. Murmu | ||||
| 29 October | Attack on BJP workers | The Resistance Front | 3 | Manoj Sinha | |||
| 2021 | 12 December | Ambush on police vehicle in Srinagar | Jaish-e-Mohammed | 3 | |||
| 2022 | 11 August | Foiled suicide attack in Rajouri | People's Anti-Fascist Front | 5 | |||
| 2023 | 1 January | Attack on civilians in Rajouri | 4 | ||||
| 20 April | Ambush on army vehicle in Poonch | People's Anti-Fascist Front | 5 | ||||
| 5 May | IED blast in Rajouri | People's Anti-Fascist Front | 5 | ||||
| 21 December | Ambush on Army vehicle | 5 | |||||
| 2024 | 9 June | 2024 Reasi attack | The Resistance Front | 9 | |||
| 9 July | Attack on Army convoy in Kathua | 5 | [36] | ||||
| 4 November | Grenade attack on Lal Chowk, Srinagar | Lashkar-e-Taiba | 0 (12 injured) | [37] |
The insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, also known as the Kashmir insurgency, is an ongoing separatist militant insurgency against the Indian administration in Jammu and Kashmir, a territory constituting the southwestern portion of the larger geographical region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.
Al-Badr is an Islamist militant group operating in the Kashmir region. The group was allegedly formed by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in June 1998. It is believed the group was encouraged by the ISI to operate independently from their previous umbrella group, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM). Prior to the group's separation from HM, they participated in the fighting in Afghanistan in 1990 as part of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hizb-l-Islami (HIG) alongside other anti-Soviet Afghan mujihadeen. India and the United States have declared it a terrorist organisation and banned it. Pakistan has long been a difficult and disruptive neighbor of Afghanistan, increasing Afghanistan's instability by providing intelligence, weapons and security to the Afghan Taliban and the Haqqani network. But now Pakistan is facing strong backlash both domestically and internationally against its policy of militant sponsorship.
The 2002 Qasim Nagar massacre was the killing of 29 Hindu labourers in Qasim Nagar on the outskirts of Jammu city in the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir by militants
The 1998 Chapnari massacre was a massacre of 26 Hindu villagers in Chapnari village in Doda district of Jammu & Kashmir on 19 June 1998, by terrorists belonging to Lashkar-e-Taiba and Hizbul Mujahideen.
An attack on a Central Reserve Police Force camp at Bemina, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, occurred on 13 March 2013. It resulted in the death of five CRPF personnel and two attackers. Ten others were also injured include security personnels and civilians.
On 5 December 2014, there were four different terror attacks at multiple places in the Kashmir Valley of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.
The 2016 Pampore attack was a attack by militants of the Jihadist group, Lashkar-e-Taiba on 25 June 2016, near Frestabal area of Pampore on Srinagar-Jammu National Highway in Jammu and Kashmir.
Sabzar Ahmed Bhat was a Kashmiri militant, who was the area commander of the militant organisation Hizbul Mujahideen. He was killed in an encounter by the police on 26 May 2017 at Tral.
On 10 July 2017, the first Monday of the month of Shraavana, 8 Hindu civilian pilgrims on the way from Amarnath Temple in Kashmir Valley, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, were killed in an Islamist terror attack. The pilgrims mostly belonged to the Indian state of Gujarat. Eight people were killed and at least 18 people were injured in the attack.
On 30 July and 6 August 2002, in the month of Shraavana, 11 people were killed and 30 injured in a terror attack by Islamic extremists from Lashkar-e-Taiba's front group of al-Mansuriyan, on Nunwan base camp at Pahalgam of the Amarnath Hindu pilgrimage (Yatra) to Amarnath Temple glacial cave shrine in Kashmir Valley in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir include security operations such as Operation Rakshak, which began in 1990, Operation Sarp Vinash in 2003 and Operation Randori Behak in 2020. Other operations include humanitarian missions such as Operation Megh Rahat and operations with a social aim such as Operation Goodwill and Operation Calm Down. The Indian Army works in tandem with the other arms of the Indian Armed Forces and security forces in Jammu and Kashmir such as during Mission Sahayata or joint operations.
Shujaat Bukhari was an Indian journalist from the former state of Jammu & Kashmir, and was the founding editor of Rising Kashmir, a Srinagar-based newspaper.
Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind is an al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamist jihadist militant group active in Kashmir. The group's stated objective is to create Kashmir as an independent Islamic state under Sharia law and to fight jihad against Indian administration of Jammu and Kashmir.
On 6 March 2022, a militant threw a grenade at a marketplace in Srinagar, Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, injuring twenty-four people and killing two.
The People's Anti-Fascist Front (PAFF) is a militant terrorist organization actively engaged in insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, an ongoing armed conflict between Kashmiri separatist militants and Indian forces in Jammu and Kashmir. PAFF was established in 2020 by Jaish-e-Mohammad or Lashkar-e-Taiba, two Pakistan-based Jihadist groups.
The Resistance Front (TRF) is a militant organisation actively engaged in Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, and designated as a terrorist organisation in India. Indian government and other experts believe that the organisation was founded by and is an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based Jihadist terrorist group. The group is responsible for attacks on and killings of civilians, including those belonging to religious minority communities such as Kashmiri Hindus government employees, labourers and business owners, local politicians, and tourists, as well as for several attacks on Indian security forces including local policemen.
Sheikh Sajjad Gul, also known as Sheikh Sajjad, is a Kashmiri militant and the founder of The Resistance Front which has been active in Indian-administred Jammu and Kashmir since 2019.
Basit Ahmed Dar was a Kashmiri separatist militant commander. He was the Chief Operational Commander of The Resistance Front (TRF) following the assassination of TRF Commander Muhammad Abbas Sheikh in August 2021. He was one of the most wanted militants in the Kashmir valley with a reward of one million INR on his head. He was killed by Indian Security Forces on 7 May 2024, in an encounter in the Kulgam district of Kashmir.
The 2024 Reasi attack was a militant attack that occurred on 9 June 2024 in the Reasi district of the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Several unidentified militants opened fire on a passenger bus transporting Hindu pilgrims from the Shiv Khori cave to Katra, causing it to lose control and plummet into a deep gorge, followed by further firing at the crashed bus by the gunmen. Nine people were killed in the attack, and an additional 41 were injured.