Locally cyclic group

In mathematics, a locally cyclic group is a group (G, *) in which every finitely generated subgroup is cyclic.

Some facts

• Every cyclic group is locally cyclic, and every locally cyclic group is abelian. ^[1]
• Every finitely-generated locally cyclic group is cyclic.
• Every subgroup and quotient group of a locally cyclic group is locally cyclic.
• Every homomorphic image of a locally cyclic group is locally cyclic.
• A group is locally cyclic if and only if every pair of elements in the group generates a cyclic group.
• A group is locally cyclic if and only if its lattice of subgroups is distributive ( Ore 1938 ).
• The torsion-free rank of a locally cyclic group is 0 or 1.
• The endomorphism ring of a locally cyclic group is commutative.^{[ citation needed ]}

Examples of locally cyclic groups that are not cyclic

• The additive group of rational numbers (Q, +) is locally cyclic – any pair of rational numbers a/b and c/d is contained in the cyclic subgroup generated by 1/(bd). ^[2]
• The additive group of the dyadic rational numbers, the rational numbers of the form a/2^b, is also locally cyclic – any pair of dyadic rational numbers a/2^b and c/2^d is contained in the cyclic subgroup generated by 1/2^max(b,d).
• Let p be any prime, and let μ_p^∞ denote the set of all pth-power roots of unity in C, i.e.

  ${\displaystyle \mu _{p^{\infty }}=\left\{\exp \left({\frac {2\pi im}{p^{k}}}\right):m,k\in \mathbb {Z} \right\}}$

  Then μ_p^∞ is locally cyclic but not cyclic. This is the Prüfer p-group. The Prüfer 2-group is closely related to the dyadic rationals (it can be viewed as the dyadic rationals modulo 1).

Examples of abelian groups that are not locally cyclic

• The additive group of real numbers (R, +); the subgroup generated by 1 and π (comprising all numbers of the form a + bπ) is isomorphic to the direct sum Z + Z, which is not cyclic.

References

1. Rose (2012), p. 54.
2. Rose (2012), p. 52.

• Hall, Marshall Jr. (1999), "19.2 Locally Cyclic Groups and Distributive Lattices", Theory of Groups, American Mathematical Society, pp. 340–341, ISBN   978-0-8218-1967-8 .

• Ore, Øystein (1938), "Structures and group theory. II" (PDF), Duke Mathematical Journal, 4 (2): 247–269, doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-38-00419-3, MR   1546048 .

• Rose, John S. (2012) [unabridged and unaltered republication of a work first published by the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, in 1978]. A Course on Group Theory. Dover Publications. ISBN   978-0-486-68194-8.