Looe Bridge

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Looe Bridge
Looe Bridge (9911).jpg
The downstream face of Looe Bridge (pictured in 2011)
Coordinates 50°21′22″N4°27′21″W / 50.3562°N 4.4559°W / 50.3562; -4.4559 Coordinates: 50°21′22″N4°27′21″W / 50.3562°N 4.4559°W / 50.3562; -4.4559
OS grid reference SX 25395 53584
Carries A387 road
Crosses River Looe
Locale Looe, Cornwall
Heritage status Grade II listed
Preceded by Terras Bridge
Characteristics
Design Arch bridge
Material Slatestone, granite
No. of spans9
Piers in water6
History
ArchitectWilliam Pease
Construction start1854
Construction end1855
Construction cost£2,984 (equivalent to £286,346in 2020)
Opened4 September 1855
Location
Looe Bridge

Looe Bridge is a bridge in Looe, Cornwall, across the River Looe. Built in the 1850s to replace a dangerous 15th-century structure, the bridge carries the A387 road and is a Grade II listed building.

Contents

History

Early crossing (c. 1400–1405)

An early wooden bridge was built across the river at Looe in c. 1400. This structure burned down in 1405. [1]

Medieval bridge (1411–1853)

A plaque in West Looe commemorating the 1689 repairs to the old bridge Old Bridge Marker on Quay Road, West Looe (geograph 6945617 by T Jenkinson).jpg
A plaque in West Looe commemorating the 1689 repairs to the old bridge

The first stone bridge across the river in the town was built following a grant of 22 October 1411; construction took 25 years and was completed in 1436. [2] [lower-alpha 1] Most descriptions of the bridge give its length as 384 ft (117 m), [2] [4] although publication of 1847 described it as being 423 ft (129 m) long. [5] Similarly disputed is the number of arches the bridge had – reports by John Leland describe either 12 or 16, [2] The Gentleman's Magazine listed 13, [6] Celia Fiennes referred to its 14 arches, [7] William Borlase sketched [8] and the National Heritage List for England states 15, [9] and Thomas Bond specified 18. [2] The arches varied in width from 9–22 ft (2.7–6.7 m); the larger spans allowed passage of timber rafts. The width of the bridge was 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) at its narrowest and 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) at its widest. On the centre of the bridge was a chapel dedicated to Saint Anne; the first mention of the chapel is from 18 November 1436 when the chaplain obtained a license from Edmund Lacey to hold a wedding there. [4] [8] It is possible that the chapel was demolished at the time of the Reformation, [8] although some traces were reported to have still existed when the bridge was demolished. [2] In 1689 the bridge was "in general decay", and the repairs were seen to by the county authority. Granite plaques were installed at each end of the bridge, of which the west plaque still exists. [10]

In 1478, William of Worcester referred to the bridge as Low Brygge, and described it as maximus pons – i.e. the largest bridge in Cornwall. [11] [12] In 1508, wealthy Cornwall merchant Thomas Yogge bequeathed a hundredweight (112 lb or 51 kg) of salt for repairs to the bridge, provided that the town of Loo [ sic ] brought it from Plymouth at the town's own expense. [11] [13] A notice placed in The London Gazette in 1847 stated of an intent to apply to parliament to improve and maintain Looe Harbour, and to "take down the bridge across the said harbour, and to build a new bridge instead thereof, with proper approaches and works connected therewith, at or near the site of the present bridge". [14] The following year, the East and West Looe Harbour and Bridge Act was passed, which stated that "the present bridge across the harbour is dilapidated and ill built". [15] A similar description of the old structure said that it was a "narrow time-eaten bridge [that] had become ruinous and dangerous". [16] Conversely, a more contemporary report described it as "a very fine mediaeval bridge". [11] Henderson and Coates suggested that had the narrowest part of the bridge been 9 ft (2.7 m) like that at Wadebridge, it would have been spared – and that it was "a thousand pities" the builders had not done so. [11] [17]

Victorian bridge (1854–present)

A grant for constructing a new bridge was made in 1852. Built approximately 100 yd (91 m) upstream of the site of the older bridge, which had been removed in 1853, [2] the foundation stone was laid on 16 June 1854 and the new bridge opened on 4 September 1855. [4] Designed by William Pease [18] of slatestone with granite dressings, [9] the bridge cost £2,984 (equivalent to £286,346in 2020) to construct. It has nine "misshapen" arches, [11] of which seven span the river, one is a dry arch on the East Looe side, and one at the West Looe side forms a pedestrian passage. [4] [9] The roadway had an original uniform width of 18 ft 2 in (5.54 m), [4] but underwent a programme of widening in the late 1950s and early 1960s. [19] [20] [21]

The road carried by the bridge forms part of the A387 between Polbathic and Polperro. [19] In 1993, the bridge and its six cast iron lamp standards were given Grade II listed status. [9]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ One source states that construction completed in 1411, having begun in 1405 [3]

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References

  1. ↑ Mikhailova, Ekaterina; Garrard, John (29 November 2021). Twin Cities across Five Continents: Interactions and Tensions on Urban Borders. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-000-47911-9 . Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Looe Bridge And St Annes Chapel". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Heritage Gateway. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  3. ↑ "Cornwall Industrial Settlements Initiative LOOE" (PDF). Cornwall County Council. April 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Polsue, Joseph (1870). A Complete Parochial History of the County of Cornwall (Volume 3). Lake. p. 166. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  5. ↑ Wallis, John (1847). The Cornwall register, containing collections relative to the past and present state of the 209 parishes. p. 367. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "Compendium of County History". The Gentleman's Magazine. 123: 410. 1818. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  7. ↑ Fiennes, Peter (2019). Footnotes : a journey round Britain in the company of great writers. London. ISBN   9781786076304.
  8. 1 2 3 "LOOE - Medieval chapel, Medieval bridge". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Heritage Gateway. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Historic England. "BRIDGE OVER EAST LOOE RIVER AND LAMP STANDARDS (1201093)". National Heritage List for England .
  10. ↑ Bond, Thomas (1823). Topographical and Historical Sketches of the Boroughs of East and West Looe, in the County of Cornwall. J. Nichols and Son. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Henderson, Charles; Coates, Henry (1928). Old Cornish Bridges and Streams. University College of the South West. pp. 67–69. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  12. ↑ Keast, John (1987). A history of East and West Looe. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore. p. 12. ISBN   9780850336153 . Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  13. ↑ Historic England. "PRYSTEN HOUSE (1067152)". National Heritage List for England .
  14. ↑ "Notices". The London Gazette: 4428. 22 October 1847.
  15. ↑ "East and West Looe Harbour and Bridge Act 1848". vLex. vLex Justis. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  16. ↑ Allen, John (1856). History of the Borough of Liskeard and Its Vicinity. Cash. p. 403.
  17. ↑ Harrison, David (2004). The Bridges of Medieval England: transport and society, 400-1800. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 153. ISBN   9780199272747.
  18. ↑ Keast, John (1987). A history of East and West Looe. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore. p. 74. ISBN   9780850336153.
  19. 1 2 Pope, Rita Tregellas (2002). Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (3rd ed.). Ashbourne: Landmark Publishing Limited. p. 44. ISBN   9781843060345.
  20. ↑ "Widening of Looe Bridge on Looe-Polperro Road, Corn". The National Archives. 1958–1959. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  21. ↑ "They Built Upon Sand". Municipal Journal, Public Works Engineer Contractor's Guide: 190. 1960.
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