Unterdonaukreis | |||||||||||||
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Regierungsbezirk of the Kingdom of Bavaria | |||||||||||||
1806–1837 | |||||||||||||
Districts of Bavaria, including Tyrol, in 1808 | |||||||||||||
Capital | Passau | ||||||||||||
Area transferred | |||||||||||||
• 1810 | Innviertel from Austrian Empire | ||||||||||||
• 1816 | Innviertel to Austrian Empire | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 1806 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1837 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today part of | Bavaria |
The Lower Danube Circle or Under Danube Circle [1] (German : Unterdonaukreis) was one of the administrative districts (German: Bezirke or Regierungsbezirke) of the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1806 and 1837. It was named after its main river, the Danube and was the predecessor of the administrative district of Lower Bavaria ( Regierungsbezirk Niederbayern). Its administrative headquarters were in Passau, but the appellate court was in Straubing.
The district was divided in the following judicial districts ( Landgerichte ), according to the original borders of the districts of the former territories ( Herrschaftsgerichte ):
In the years between 1806 and 1808 the Kingdom of Bavaria was divided into 15 'circles'. Their names were taken from their main rivers. The Unterdonaukreis was initially composed of 10 rural divisions and, since 1809, of the independent city of Passau. In 1810, the Unterdonaukreis was enlarged. In another territorial reorganization initiated by King Ludwig I on 29 November 1837, the Unterdonaukreis again enlarged and renamed Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern). District headquarters were moved from Passau to Landshut.
Lower Bavaria is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. It consists of nine districts and 258 municipalities.
The Upper Palatinate is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities.
Passau is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt, as the river Danube is joined by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north.
Landshut is a town in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also the seat of the surrounding district and has a population of more than 75,000. Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria, followed by Passau and Straubing, and Eastern Bavaria's second after Regensburg.
Bavarians are an ethnographic group of Germans of the Bavaria region, a state within Germany. The group's dialect or speech is known as the Bavarian language, native to Altbayern, roughly the territory of the Electorate of Bavaria in the 17th century.
The Duchy of Bavaria was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century. It was settled by Bavarian tribes and ruled by dukes (duces) under Frankish overlordship. A new duchy was created from this area during the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century. It became one of the stem duchies of the East Frankish realm, which evolved as the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire.
The Innviertel is a traditional Austrian region southeast of the Inn river. It forms the western part of the state of Upper Austria and borders the German state of Bavaria. The Innviertel is one of the four traditional "quarters" of Upper Austria, the others being Hausruckviertel, Mühlviertel, and Traunviertel.
The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1806 and continued to exist until 1918. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingdom became a federated state of the new empire and was second in size, power, and wealth only to the leading state, the Kingdom of Prussia.
The Royal Bavarian Eastern Railway Company or Bavarian Ostbahn was founded in 1856. Within just two decades it built an extensive railway network in the eastern Bavarian provinces of Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) and Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern) that had previously been largely undisturbed by the railway. Much of this network is still important for local and long distance rail traffic operated by the Deutsche Bahn today.
Karl August Joseph Maria Donatus, Count of Seinsheim was the Bavarian Finance Minister and President of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies.
The Kleine Laber is a river in Bavaria, Germany. The Kleine Laber issues into the Große Laber, which issues into the Danube River.
Landestheater Niederbayern is a theatre in Lower Bavaria, Germany founded in 1952. The theater does both musical theater and drama under the artistic director Stefan Tilch. It plays at the city theaters of Landshut and Passau, the Theater am Hagen in Straubing, and other regional theaters. Its orchestra is the Niederbayerische Philharmonie.
The Mainkreis was one of the 15 administrative districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1806 and 1837. The district was named after its main river Main and renamed Obermainkreis in 1817. It was the predecessor of the Regierungsbezirk Oberfranken.
The Rezatkreis, between 1806 and 1837, was one of the 15 districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Its name meant in German the “District of the Rezat” because the Fränkische Rezat River ran through it. It was the predecessor of the Regierungsbezirks Mittelfranken. Its center was Anspach.
The Regenkreis, with Straubing and later Regensburg as its capital, existed between 1806 and 1837 as one of the 15 districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Between 1806 and 1808, the Kingdom of Bavaria was divided into 15 (state) districts named after rivers. In English, Regenkreis means "District of Regen" and was named after the Regen River which flowed through the district. Regenkreis was the predecessor of the Regierungsbezirks Oberpfalz.
The Isarkreis was one of the 15 administrative districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1806 and 1837. It is named after its main river, the Isar. It was the predecessor of the Regierungsbezirk Oberbayern.
The Oberdonaukreis was one of the 15 administrative districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1806 and 1837 named after its main river Danube. It was the predecessor of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben.
The Untermainkreis was one of the administrative districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1806 and 1837 named after its main river Main. It was the predecessor of the administrative district of Lower Franconia. Administrative headquarters were in Würzburg.
Wolfstein Castle or Schloss Wolfstein is a schloss and former castle in Freyung in Lower Bavaria. It gave its name to the county of Wolfstein which was dissolved in 1972.
The Aldersbach brewery is a traditional medium-sized brewery in Aldersbach, Lower Bavaria, opened in the 13th century. It produces beer types such as Dunkel, Helles, and Pilsner, plus seasonal Bock and Pale lagers. In 2016, it won awards from the Bavarian Brewers Association and the Bavarian State Beer Exhibition.