Lower Heterobranchia

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Lower Heterobranchia
Architectonica sp. (Marine snail).jpg
A live individual of Architectonica perspectiva
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Infraclass: Lower Heterobranchia
Superfamilies

See text

Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails, (marine gastropod mollusks) within the subclass Heterobranchia. [1]

Contents

Although the great majority of Lower Heterobranchs are indeed marine, a few have succeeded in making the transition to freshwater.

Description

The shell shapes in this group are typically those that are seen in the sundial, pyramid, rissoella and orbitestellid families of snails. [2]

Bactroptyxis trachaea, family Nerineidae, superfamily Nerineoidea. Bactroptyxis trachaea 041811.jpg
Bactroptyxis trachaea , family Nerineidae, superfamily Nerineoidea.
Valvata piscinalis, family Valvatidae, superfamily Valvatoidea. Valvata piscinalis.png
Valvata piscinalis , family Valvatidae, superfamily Valvatoidea.

Taxonomy

2005 taxonomy

In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, [3] the Lower Heterobranchia is an Informal Group. Superfamilies within the Lower Heterobranchia include:

(Taxa that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †)

For a more detailed taxonomy see: Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)#Informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" (= Allogastropoda)

2010 taxonomy

Jörger et al. (2010) [4] have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia: they moved Glacidorboidea and Pyramidelloidea to Panpulmonata. [4]

2014 taxonomy

Wägele et al. (2014): [5] moved Rissoelloidea and Acteonoidea from Lower Heterobranchia to Euthyneura.

2016 taxonomy

Kano et al. (2016): [6] moved Ringiculoidea from Lower Heterobranchia to Euthyneura.

So the following taxa remain within the Lower Heterobranchia:

Related Research Articles

Opisthobranchia Informal group of gastropods

Opisthobranchs is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping.

Orthogastropoda was a major taxonomic grouping of snails and slugs, an extremely large subclass within the huge class Gastropoda according to the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda.

Cephalaspidea Order of gastropods

The clade Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble snails, is a major taxon of sea slugs and bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the larger clade Euopisthobranchia. Bubble shells is another common name for these families of marine gastropods, some of which have thin bubble-like shells. This clade contains more than 600 species.

Acteonoidea Superfamily of gastropods

Acteonoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks.

Basommatophora Informal group of gastropods

Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda, whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" was used.

Amphibolidae Family of gastropods

Amphibolidae is a family of air-breathing snails with opercula, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.

Pyramidelloidea Superfamily of gastropods

Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.

Amphiboloidea Superfamily of gastropods

Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails.

Euthyneura Clade of molluscs

Euthyneura is a taxonomic infraclass of snails and slugs, which includes species from freshwater, marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia.

Nudipleura Clade of gastropods

Nudipleura are a clade of sea snails and sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia.

Acochlidiacea Order of molluscs

Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia. Acochlidia is a variant spelling.

Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily or a clade Runcinaecea of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Runcinida

Rhodopidae Family of gastropods

Rhodopidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Murchisonelloidea.

The Glacidorbidae is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails.

Heteroneritidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamilia Pyramidelloidea.

This overview lists proposed changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the family level and above since 2005, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of snails and slugs are classified.

Panpulmonata Clade of gastropods

Panpulmonata is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.

Euopisthobranchia is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.

Architectibranchia is a clade of marine snails, gastropod molluscs.

Orbitestelloidea are a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the infraclass Lower Heterobranchia.

References

  1. WoRMS (2020). "Lower Heterobranchia". Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1054700 on 2020-05-16
  2. "Molluscsoftasmania.net".
  3. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
  4. 1 2 Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 323. doi : 10.1186/1471-2148-10-323.
  5. Wägele H., Klussmann-Kolb A., Verbeek E. & Schrödl M. (2014). "Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia". Organisms Diversity & Evolution 14(1): 133–149. doi : 10.1007/s13127-013-0151-5
  6. Kano, Yasunori; Brenzinger, Bastian; Nützel, Alexander; Wilson, Nerida G.; Schrödl, Michael (2016-08-08). "Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30908. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630908K. doi:10.1038/srep30908. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   4976385 . PMID   27498754.