Mortality rate,or death rate,is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population,scaled to the size of that population,per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year;thus,a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that entire population,or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from "morbidity",which is either the prevalence or incidence of a disease,and also from the incidence rate.
A widow (female) or widower (male) is a person whose spouse has died and has usually not remarried.
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school of Harvard University,located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston,Massachusetts. The school grew out of the Harvard-MIT School for Health Officers,the nation's first graduate training program in population health,which was founded in 1913 and then became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
While epidemiology is "the study of the distribution and determinants of states of health in populations",social epidemiology is "that branch of epidemiology concerned with the way that social structures,institutions,and relationships influence health." This research includes "both specific features of,and pathways by which,societal conditions affect health".
Neuroepidemiology is a science of incidence,prevalence,risk factors,natural history and prognosis of neurological disorders,as well as of experimental neuroepidemiology,which is research based on clinical trials of effectiveness or efficacy of various interventions in neurological disorders.
The Stroke Belt or Stroke Alley is a region in the southeastern United States that has been recognized by public health authorities for having an unusually high incidence of stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease. It is usually defined as a 11-state region consisting of Alabama,Arkansas,Georgia,Indiana,Kentucky,Louisiana,Mississippi,North Carolina,South Carolina,Tennessee,and Virginia. It is often disputed if Texas belongs in the Stroke Belt.
Environmental social science is the broad,transdisciplinary study of interrelations between humans and the natural environment. Environmental social scientists work within and between the fields of anthropology,communication studies,economics,geography,history,political science,psychology,and sociology;and also in the interdisciplinary fields of environmental studies,human ecology and political ecology,social epidemiology,among others.
The Africa/Harvard School of Public Health Partnership for Cohort Research and Training launched in 2008,is a collaborative research project led by Principal Investigators,Dr. Hans-Olov Adami and Dr. Michelle D. Holmes. Together with research scientists,Dr. Shona Dalal and Dr. Todd G. Reid,this team represents the Harvard Coordinating Site of the Partnership with colleagues from five institutions in Nigeria,South Africa,Tanzania,and Uganda. The Africa/HSPH PaCT project plans on investigating the association of lifestyle factors and chronic disease risk in sub- Saharan Africa,through a large epidemiological cohort study that will include approximately 500,000 participants. Africa/HSPH PaCT is the first and largest cohort study conducted in sub-saharan Africa to employ mobile phone technology to follow participants and collect data. Africa/HSPH PaCT will also provide the infrastructure for capacity-building and for training a new generation of health professionals.
Widowhood effect is the increase in probability of a person dying in a relatively short period after a long-time spouse has died. There is a pattern showing a sharp increase in the risk of death particularly,but not exclusively,within three months after the death of a spouse. This has also been called "dying of a broken heart". Being widowed also increases the likelihood of developing severe mental disorders. This can be partially attributed to the unanticipated decisions widows have to make with regard to the death of a spouse. Responses of grief and bereavement increase vulnerability to psychological and physical illnesses.
The Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (HCPDS) is an interdisciplinary center at Harvard University,affiliated with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Joel Salinas is an American-born Nicaraguan neurologist,writer,and researcher,who is currently an Assistant Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He practices general neurology,with subspecialty in behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry,at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston,Massachusetts. He is also a clinician-scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Framingham Study at the Boston University School of Medicine.
Kaumudi Jinraj Joshipura is an Indian American Epidemiologist,Biostatistician,Dentist &Scientist. She is Adjunct Full Professor at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH) at Harvard University and NIH Endowed Chair and Director of the Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion and a Full Professor at the University of Puerto Rico,Medical Sciences Campus. Her research work has been covered by global media including CNN,ABC,NBC,NHS,Newsweek,Nature,Telegraph,Japanese Journals and Japanese TV etc.
Megan Blanche Murray is an American epidemiologist and an infectious disease physician. She is the Ronda Stryker and William Johnston Professor of Global Health in the Department of Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Mary Cushman is an American vascular hematologist. She is a Full professor of Medicine and Pathology in the Robert Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont.
Sharon Lee Reilly Kardia is an American epidemiologist. She is the Millicent W. Higgins Collegiate Professor of Epidemiology and Associate Dean for Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Her research interests involve genetic epidemiology of common chronic diseases.
Alison Ellen Field is an American epidemiologist. Field currently serves as professor and chair of epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health and professor of pediatrics at Brown's Alpert Medical School.
Katherine Margaret Keyes is an American epidemiologist. She is a professor of epidemiology at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. Her research focuses on psychiatric and substance use epidemiology across the lifecourse,including early origins of child and adult health and cross-generational cohort effects on substance use,mental health,and injury outcomes including suicide and overdose.
Susan Redline is an American pulmonary specialist. She is the Peter C. Farrell Professor of Sleep Medicine and Professor of Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Donna Spiegelman is a biostatistician and epidemiologist who works at the interface between the two fields as a methodologist,applying statistical solutions to address potential biases in epidemiologic studies.
Francine Laden is an American epidemiologist who is Professor of Environmental Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Her research has investigated the environmental epidemiology of chronic disease. She serves as co-director of the Harvard University and Boston University center for research on environmental and social stressors in housing across the life course. Laden has also served on the United States Environmental Protection Agency advisory board.
