Related Research Articles
Diagnoses of autism have become more frequent since the 1980s, which has led to various controversies about both the cause of autism and the nature of the diagnoses themselves. Whether autism has mainly a genetic or developmental cause, and the degree of coincidence between autism and intellectual disability, are all matters of current scientific controversy as well as inquiry. There is also more sociopolitical debate as to whether autism should be considered a disability on its own.
The neurodiversity paradigm is a framework for understanding human brain function that recognizes the diversity within sensory processing, motor abilities, social comfort, cognition, and focus as neurobiological differences. This diversity falls on a spectrum of neurocognitive function. The neurodiversity paradigm argues that diversity in human cognition is normal and that some conditions generally classified as disorders, such as autism, are differences and disabilities that are not necessarily pathological.
The autism rights movement, also known as the autistic acceptance movement, is a social movement allied with the disability rights movement. It emphasizes the neurodiversity paradigm, viewing autism as a set of naturally occurring variations in human cognition rather than as a disease to be cured or a disorder to be treated, diverging from the medical model of disability.
Mind-blindness, mindblindness or mind blindness is a theory initially proposed in 1990 that claims that all autistic people have a lack or developmental delay of theory of mind (ToM), meaning they are unable to attribute mental states to others. According to the theory, a lack of ToM is considered equivalent to a lack of both cognitive and affective empathy. In the context of the theory, mind-blindness implies being unable to predict behavior and attribute mental states including beliefs, desires, emotions, or intentions of other people. The mind-blindness theory asserts that children who delay in this development will often develop autism.
A writing process is a set of mental and physical steps that someone takes to create any type of text. Almost always, these activities require inscription equipment, either digital or physical: chisels, pencils, brushes, chalk, dyes, keyboards, touchscreens, etc.; each of these tools has unique affordances that influence writers' workflows. Writing processes are very individualized and task-specific; they frequently incorporate activities such as talking, drawing, reading, browsing, and other activities that are not typically associated with writing.
Classic autism, also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, (early) infantile autism, infantile psychosis, Kanner's autism, Kanner's syndrome, or (formerly) just autism, is a neurodevelopmental condition first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests. These symptoms first appear in early childhood and persist throughout life.
Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of deficient reciprocal social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behavior. Autism generally affects a person's ability to understand and connect with others, as well as their adaptability to everyday situations, with its severity and support needs varying widely across the spectrum. For example, some are nonspeaking, while others have very proficient spoken language.
The history of autism spans over a century; autism has been subject to varying treatments, being pathologized or being viewed as a beneficial part of human neurodiversity. The understanding of autism has been shaped by cultural, scientific, and societal factors, and its perception and treatment change over time as scientific understanding of autism develops.
Discrimination against autistic people involves any form of discrimination, persecution, or oppression against people who are autistic. Despite contention over its status as a disability, discrimination against autistic people is considered to be a form of ableism.
Lydia X. Z. Brown is an American autistic disability rights activist, writer, attorney, and public speaker who was honored by the White House in 2013. They are the chairperson of the American Bar Association Civil Rights & Social Justice Disability Rights Committee. They are also Policy Counsel for Privacy & Data at the Center for Democracy & Technology, and Director of Policy, Advocacy, & External Affairs at the Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network. In 2022, they unsuccessfully ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 7A, losing to state delegate Kathy Szeliga and delegate-elect Ryan Nawrocki.
Shain A. Mahaffey Neumeier is an American autistic and nonbinary transgender attorney. Neumeier advocates against coercive and forced treatment, including advocacy to close the Judge Rotenberg Center, an institution for people with developmental disabilities. They are also an activist for autism rights, disability rights, and other associated causes.
Marian Diamond Sigman (1941–2012) was a developmental and child clinical psychologist known for her research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). At the time of her death, she was Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Current research indicates that people on the autism spectrum have higher rates of LGBTQ identities and feelings than the general population. A variety of explanations for this have been proposed, such as prenatal hormonal exposure, which has been linked with sexual orientation, gender dysphoria and autism. Alternatively, autistic people may be less reliant on social norms and thus are more open about their orientation or gender identity. A narrative review published in 2016 stated that while various hypotheses have been proposed for an association between autism and gender dysphoria, they lack strong evidence.
The theory of the double empathy problem is a psychological and sociological theory first coined in 2012 by Damian Milton, an autistic autism researcher. This theory proposes that many of the difficulties autistic individuals face when socializing with non-autistic individuals are due, in part, to a lack of mutual understanding between the two groups, meaning that most autistic people struggle to understand and empathize with non-autistic people, whereas most non-autistic people also struggle to understand and empathize with autistic people. This lack of understanding may stem from bidirectional differences in communication style, social-cognitive characteristics, and experiences between autistic and non-autistic individuals, but not necessarily an inherent deficiency. Recent studies have shown that most autistic individuals are able to socialize, communicate effectively, empathize well, and display social reciprocity with most other autistic individuals. This theory and subsequent findings challenge the commonly held belief that the social skills of autistic individuals are inherently impaired, as well as the theory of "mind-blindness" proposed by prominent autism researcher Simon Baron-Cohen in the mid-1980s, which suggested that empathy and theory of mind are universally impaired in autistic individuals.
Cheryl Ball is an academic and scholar in rhetoric, composition, and publishing studies, and Director of the Digital Publishing Collaborative at Wayne State University. In the areas of scholarly and digital publishing, Ball is the executive director for the Council of Editors of Learned Journals and the Editor-in-Chief for the Library Publishing Curriculum. Ball also serves as co-editor of Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, an open access, online journal dedicated to multimodal academic publishing, which she has edited since 2006. Ball's awards include Best Article on Pedagogy or Curriculum in Technical or Science Communication from the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC), the Computers and Composition Charles Moran Award for Distinguished Service to the Field, and the Technology Innovator Award presented by the CCCC Committee on Computers in Composition and Communication (7Cs). Her book, The New Work of Composing was the winner of the 2012 Computers and Composition Distinguished Book Award. Her contributions to academic research span the areas of digital publishing, new media scholarship, and multimodal writing pedagogy.
Neuroqueer theory is a framework that intersects the fields of neurodiversity and queer theory. It examines the ways society constructs and defines normalcy, particularly concerning gender, sexual orientation, and dis/ability, and challenges those constructions. It critiques the pathologization of neurodivergent individuals and the ways in which this intersects with the marginalization of queer individuals. It is reliant on a deep understanding of Intersectionality, the way in which people's social, cultural, and political identities combine and result in unique combinations of privilege and discrimination.
Stephanie L. Kerschbaum is an American academic in the fields of rhetoric, composition, and disability. She is a professor at the University of Washington, where she serves as the director of the Program in Writing and Rhetoric. She is the author of numerous articles, as well as the books Toward a New Rhetoric of Difference (2014) and Signs of Disability (2022), and co-editor of the book Negotiating Disability: Disclosure and Higher Education (2017). She is also editor for the National Council of Teachers of English's (NCTE) Studies in Writing and Rhetoric book series.
Nick Walker is an American scholar, author, webcomic creator, and aikido teacher, known for coining the term neuroqueer, establishing the foundations of neuroqueer theory, and contributing to the development of the neurodiversity paradigm. She is a professor at California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS).
Kassiane A. Asasumasu is an American autism rights activist who is credited for coining several terms related to the Neurodiversity Movement, including caregiver benevolence. As stated in the text Neurodiversity for Dummies, "Asasumasu's work set the stage for a broader understanding and acceptance of neurological differences", which "continue[s] to be shared, shaped and formed by all sorts of people who recogniz[e] that our world should be accepting, inclusive, and accommodating of people regardless of their neurotype".
Luke Beardon is an English academic in the field of autism studies. As of March 2024, he is a Senior Lecturer with The Autism Centre at Sheffield Hallam University, as well as a service coordinator with the National Autistic Society. He received a Doctor of Education degree from Sheffield Hallam University.
References
- ↑ "Authoring autism : on rhetoric and neurological queerness / M. Remi Yergeau". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- 1 2 "melanie yergeau" (PDF). University of Michigan . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ McClintick, Jay (2019-06-07). "Can Rhetoric Survive a Neuroqueer Future? A Review of M. Remi Yergeau's Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness". enculturation. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ Krebs, Paula M. (2018-12-05). "MLA Prize for a First Book Awarded to Amanda Jo Goldstein for Sweet Science and to Melanie Yergeau for Authoring Autism; Corey McEleney and Britt Rusert to Receive Honorable Mentions" (PDF). Modern Language Association . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- 1 2 "Book Award". Rhetoric Society of America . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ Jenson, Deborah (2020-03-01). "See It Feelingly: Classic Novels, Autistic Readers, and the Schooling of a No-Good English ProfessorAuthoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness". American Literature. 92 (1): 183–185. doi:10.1215/00029831-8056700. ISSN 0002-9831.
- ↑ Williams, Anna (2018-07-03). "Authoring autism: on rhetoric and neurological queerness: Authoring autism: on rhetoric and neurological queerness, by Melanie Yergeau, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2017, 312 pp., $26.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-82-237020-8, $94.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-82-237011-6". Disability & Society. 33 (6): 996–997. doi:10.1080/09687599.2018.1457500. ISSN 0968-7599.
- ↑ Kizer, Sam (Winter 2020). "Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness by M. Remi Yergeau (review)". Feminist Formations . 32 (3). Baltimore: 183–185. doi:10.1353/ff.2020.0050. ProQuest 2474491651 – via ProQuest.
- ↑ Mullaney, Clare (2020-04-01). "Fucking with Rhetoric". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 26 (2): 355–357. doi:10.1215/10642684-8141942. ISSN 1064-2684.
- ↑ Karmiris, Maria (2019). "Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness by Melanie Yergeau (review)". Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies. 13 (4): 483–486. doi:10.3828/jlcds.2019.36. ISSN 1757-6466.
- ↑ Wing, Travis Chi Lau (2019-05-02). "The Poetics of Autism". Los Angeles Review of Books . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ Parks, Alison (2021). "Poor Queer Studies: Confronting Elitism in the University by Matt Brim, and: Brilliant Imperfection: Grappling with Cure by Eli Clare, and: Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness by M. Remi Yergeau (review)". PhiloSOPHIA. 11 (1): 250–257. doi:10.1353/phi.2021.0040. ISSN 2155-0905 – via Project MUSE.
- ↑ Johnson, Jenell (2021-01-01). "Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness: by M. Remi Yergeau, Durham, NC, Duke UP, 2018, 312 pp., $27.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-8223-7020-8". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 51 (1): 71–72. doi:10.1080/02773945.2020.1851117. ISSN 0277-3945.
- ↑ Galvin, Annie (2019-09-23). "Autism Aesthetics". Public Books . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ "About". m. remi yergeau. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- 1 2 "M. Remi Yergeau | U-M LSA English Language and Literature". University of Michigan . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ "Awards". Coalition of Feminist Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ "Modern Language Association Prize for a First Book Winners". Modern Language Association . Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ↑ "Lavender Rhetorics Award for Excellence in Queer Scholarship". Conference on College Composition and Communication . 2018-06-06. Retrieved 2024-02-06.