MDA-MB-453 is a human breast cancer cell line. [1]
| Product Category | Human Cells |
|---|---|
| Organism | Homo sapiens, human |
| Morphology | epithelial |
| Tissue | Breast; Mammary gland |
| Disease | Carcinoma; Metastatic |
| Applications | 3D cell culture, Cancer research |
| Product Format | Frozen |
| Storage Conditions | Vapor phase of liquid nitrogen |
ResolvedThe MDA-MB-453 cell cancer line was derived in 1976 from the pericardial effusion of a 48-year-old female who was suffering from a breast metastatic adenocarcinoma. The respective cells were collected at the Human Tumor Cell Bank. [2]
When growing the MDA-MB-453 cells, the recommended media for growth according to Lonza is a L-15 (Leibovitz). The medium does not have arginine, cysteine, histidine, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and glucose. The medium does contain tyrosine and galactose. The L-15 medium was created in 1963 for the rapid growth of the MDA-MB-453 cell line. [3] Also, it is recommended that the cells are treated with Fetal Bovine Serum. Fetal Bovine Serum increases cellular growth and plating efficiency. [4]
In 2020, there was an estimated total of 684,996 deaths caused by breast cancer. Breast cancer is the fifth leading cause by death, [5] so there is need of research and cell lines to understand how specific cancers work so accurate target therapies can be implemented.
The cell line is a great model for breast cancer cells because the cells proliferate at a fast rate and is stimulated by androgens, but inhibited by progesterone, estrogen, and Her-2 receptors. The specific mutation that contributes to the cell cancer line is a glutamate to histidine change found on exon 7; more specifically, the amino acid 865. With the specific characteristics, the MDA-MB-453 cell cancer line is now classified as a Triple Negative Breast Cancer cell line model. [1]
One study suggests that the MDA-MB-453 cell line is not the best model for an apocrine breast cancer model. During the experiment, there was a mutation in the K-RAS gene that was not previously identified before. Also, there were structural abnormalities as shown on a Western Blot. Lastly, there were cell signaling differences that were not found in the samples. All of these characteristics are different from an apocrine breast cancer cell, which might lead to the idea that MDA-MB-453 cell line is not the best model. More specific differences between MDA-MB-453 and the apocrine carcinoma tissue sample differ in different features. They differ with the GCDFP-15 protein, HER-2/neu status, EGFR status, KRAS gene status, p16lnk4a protein, cyclin d1 protein, and polysomy 4 and 17. [6] On the other hand, MDA-MB-453 cell line is a great model to understand androgen and the androgen receptor in breast cancer. When the cell line was studied, there was androgen receptor expression and regulation. Androgen and the receptors in breast cancer have not been studied thoroughly, the cell line can accurately show how androgen and the receptor work within the specific breast tissue. [1]
There have been several recent studies that show different substances effect on MDA-MB-453 cells. All the different substances used had a common theme: to arrest cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. One of the substances is quercetin, which is a natural antioxidant. The natural antioxidant increases the cells to enter the sub G1 phase of the cell cycle which will arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. [7] According to the data, quercetin has an anti-proliferation effect on MDA-MB-453 cells. The cells would undergo apoptosis, which concluded that quercetin could potentially have anticancer characteristics. [8] Another substance is kaempferol, which is also a natural antioxidant. The experiment was very similar to the quercetin experiment and have similar results: anti-proliferation effect on MDA-MB-453 cells. [9] Another researched substance is Fisetin. Fisetin is found in fruits and vegetables and can induce apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /Akt signaling pathway and inactivation of the receptor. [10] This is important with cancer research and further studies.
The androgen receptor is a ligand dependent transcription factor. In males, androgens are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and has three domains: N-terminal transcription regulation, DNA binding, and the ligand binding. The biological implications of the androgen receptors are development in several systems, such as, reproductive, cardiovascular, neural, homeopathic, musculoskeletal, and immune. The signaling can also be involved with tumor development due to unregulated gene transcription. Since the receptor targets many different pathways and systems, it is a promising role medicine and new developments. [11]
When Heregulin (HRG), a secreted growth factor, is exposed to the MDM-MB-453 cells, a signal transduction pathway is induced. More specifically, the HRG beta 2 signals a tyrosine phosphorylation. The HRG ligand activates a GTPase activating protein. [12]
Cowden Syndrome is a genetic disorder that makes an individual more susceptible to cancers. The cancers can be benign or malignant, and one of the more high-risk cancers are breast cancers. [13] The specific mutation that contributes to this syndrome is a mutation in MDM-MB-453 cells, more specifically at codon 307 makes the cells more malignant that usual. The specific mutation is a glutamate to lysine substitution. The mutation is more susceptible to epigenetic changes, such as ubiquitination, that effect localization and distribution from the cell. The study shows that this specific mutation in the MDM-MB-453 cells will make chemotherapy harder to target and the effects will not be as great. [14]
Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell. This can be contrasted with paracrine signaling, intracrine signaling, or classical endocrine signaling.
Cardiotoxin III is a sixty amino-acid polypeptide toxin from the Taiwan Cobra Naja atra. CTX III is highly basic and hydrophobic protein. It is an example of a group of snake cardio/cytotoxins, which are made up of shorter snake venom three-finger toxins. Over 50 different cytotoxin polypeptides have been isolated and sequenced from venom samples. The difference in the CTX functionality may be due to the relatively small difference in the polypeptide's structure, allowing different CTXs to induce lysis in different cell types. The CTX III molecule contains multiple binding sites and is cytolytic for myocardial cells and human leukemic T cells.
GTPase HRas, from "Harvey Rat sarcoma virus", also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HRAS gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549. HRas is a small G protein in the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Once bound to Guanosine triphosphate, H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase like c-Raf, the next step in the MAPK/ERK pathway.
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and by a related hormone called IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. IGF-1 plays an important role in growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults – meaning that it can induce hypertrophy of skeletal muscle and other target tissues. Mice lacking the IGF-1 receptor die late in development, and show a dramatic reduction in body mass. This testifies to the strong growth-promoting effect of this receptor.
Netrin receptor DCC, also known as DCC, or colorectal cancer suppressor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DCC gene. DCC has long been implicated in colorectal cancer and its previous name was Deleted in colorectal carcinoma. Netrin receptor DCC is a single transmembrane receptor.
Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is a protein in the interleukin family, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. In humans, this protein is encoded by the IL24 gene.
The ErbB family of proteins contains four receptor tyrosine kinases, structurally related to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its first discovered member. In humans, the family includes Her1, Her2 (ErbB2), Her3 (ErbB3), and Her4 (ErbB4). The gene symbol, ErbB, is derived from the name of a viral oncogene to which these receptors are homologous: erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene. Insufficient ErbB signaling in humans is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, while excessive ErbB signaling is associated with the development of a wide variety of types of solid tumor.
DU145 (DU-145) is a human prostate cancer cell line. DU145, PC3, and LNCaP are considered to be the standard prostate cancer cell lines used in therapeutic research.
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2, also known as BLT2, BLT2 receptor, and BLTR2, is an Integral membrane protein that is encoded by the LTB4R2 gene in humans and the Ltbr2 gene in mice.
Prolactin-inducible protein also known as gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), extra-parotid glycoprotein (EP-GP), gp17seminal actin-binding protein (SABP) or BRST2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIP gene. It is upregulated by prolactin and androgens and downregulated by estrogen.
Fisetin (7,3′,4′-flavon-3-ol) is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It can be found in many plants, where it serves as a yellow/ochre colouring agent. It is also found in many fruits and vegetables, such as strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions and cucumbers. Its chemical formula was first described by Austrian chemist Josef Herzig in 1891.
The death domain (DD) is a protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. DD is a subclass of protein motif known as the death fold and is related in sequence and structure to the death effector domain (DED) and the caspase recruitment domain (CARD), which work in similar pathways and show similar interaction properties. DD bind each other forming oligomers. Mammals have numerous and diverse DD-containing proteins. Within these proteins, the DD domains can be found in combination with other domains, including: CARDs, DEDs, ankyrin repeats, caspase-like folds, kinase domains, leucine zippers, leucine-rich repeats (LRR), TIR domains, and ZU5 domains.
Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha (HNF-3A), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXA1 gene.
Cytostasis is the inhibition of cell growth and multiplication. Cytostatic refers to a cellular component or medicine that inhibits cell division.
When overexpressed ectopically, anticancer genes are those that preferentially kill cancer cells while sparing normal, healthy cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, or apoptosis following a mitotic catastrophe, and autophagy are only a few of the processes that can lead to cell death. In the late 1990s, research on cancer cells led to the identification of anticancer genes. Currently, 291 The human genome contains anti-cancer genes. Base substitutions that lead to insertions, deletions, or alterations in missense amino acids that cause frameshifts that alter the protein that the gene codes for copy number variations or gene rearrangements that lead to their deregulation are all necessary for a gene change in copy number or gene rearrangements. (1)
Zinc transporter ZIP9, also known as Zrt- and Irt-like protein 9 (ZIP9) and solute carrier family 39 member 9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC39A9 gene. This protein is the 9th member out of 14 ZIP family proteins, which is a membrane androgen receptor (mAR) coupled to G proteins, and also classified as a zinc transporter protein. ZIP family proteins transport zinc metal from the extracellular environment into cells through cell membrane.
The NCI-60 cancer cell line panel is a group of 60 human cancer cell lines used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the screening of compounds to detect potential anticancer activity.
Relda Marie Cailleau was an American scientist primarily known for her establishment of a series of breast cancer cell lines that have been crucial to the discovery of anticancer drugs and to an understanding of breast cancer biology.
Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast (PACB) is a rare carcinoma derived from the epithelial cells in the lactiferous ducts of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is an apocrine gland. Its lactiferous ducts have two layers of epithelial cells, a luminal layer which faces the duct's lumen and a basal layer which lies beneath the luminal layer. There are at least 4 subtypes of epithelial cells in these ducts: luminal progenitor cells and luminal mature cells which reside in the luminal layer and mammary stem cells and basal cells which reside in the basal layer. Examination of the genes expressed in PACB cancer cells indicate that most of these tumors consist of cells derived from luminal cells but a minority of these tumors consist of cells derived from basal cells.