MID2

MID2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2DJA, 2DMK
Identifiers
Aliases	MID2 , FXY2, MRX101, RNF60, TRIM1, midline 2, XLID101
External IDs	OMIM: 300204 MGI: 1344333 HomoloGene: 8028 GeneCards: MID2
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human) [1] Band Xq22.3 Start 107,825,755 bp [1] End 107,931,637 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse) [2] Band X F1|X 61.35 cM Start 139,565,348 bp [2] End 139,668,464 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tibialis anterior muscle islet of Langerhans smooth muscle tissue gastrocnemius muscle pancreatic ductal cell popliteal artery epithelium of esophagus vagina gallbladder skin of abdomen Top expressed in lateral nasal prominence medial nasal prominence left lung lobe supraoptic nucleus female urethra superior frontal gyrus ascending aorta cerebellar cortex esophagus lip More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein homodimerization activity microtubule binding zinc ion binding metal ion binding phosphoprotein binding protein binding protein heterodimerization activity identical protein binding transferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm intracellular anatomical structure microtubule extracellular exosome cytoskeleton Biological process positive regulation of autophagy positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity protein localization to microtubule positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity protein ubiquitination positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling innate immune response negative regulation of viral transcription negative regulation of viral entry into host cell Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 11043 23947 Ensembl ENSG00000080561 ENSMUSG00000000266 UniProt Q9UJV3 Q9QUS6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_012216 NM_052817 NM_001382751 NM_001382752 NM_011845 NM_001358366 NM_001358367 RefSeq (protein) NP_036348 NP_438112 NP_001369680 NP_001369681 NP_035975 NP_001345295 NP_001345296 NP_001390295 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 107.83 – 107.93 Mb Chr X: 139.57 – 139.67 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Midline-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MID2 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to microtubular structures in the cytoplasm. Its function has not been identified. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. ^[6]

Recent reports indicate the involvement of MID2 in cytokinesis ^{[7] [8]} .MID2 (TRIM1) ubiquitinates Sperm-associated antigen 5 (Astrin) on K409, further promoting its degradation and proper cytokinesis. ^[8] In contrary, depletion of MID2 (TRIM1) stabilizes Sperm-associated antigen 5 (Astrin) whose inappropriate accumulation at the midbody triggers cytokinetic arrest, multinucleated cells, and cell death. ^{[7] [8]}

Interactions

MID2 has been shown to interact with MID1. ^{[9] [10]}

MID2 (TRIM1) interacts with Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which is often subject to missense mutations in familial Parkinson's disease (PD). ^[11] MID2 (TRIM1) specifically binds to the flexible regulatory loop of LRRK2_853–981. ^[11] MID2 (TRIM1) recruits LRRK2 to the microtubule cytoskeleton where MID2 (TRIM1) ubiquitinates LRRK2 targeting it for proteasomal degradation. ^[11]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000080561 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000266 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Buchner G, Montini E, Andolfi G, Quaderi N, Cainarca S, Messali S, et al. (August 1999). "MID2, a homologue of the Opitz syndrome gene MID1: similarities in subcellular localization and differences in expression during development". Human Molecular Genetics. 8 (8): 1397–1407. doi: 10.1093/hmg/8.8.1397 . PMID   10400986.
6. "Entrez Gene: MID2 midline 2".
7. Zanchetta ME, Meroni G (2019-03-19). "Emerging Roles of the TRIM E3 Ubiquitin Ligases MID1 and MID2 in Cytokinesis". Frontiers in Physiology. 10: 274. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00274 . PMC   6433704 . PMID   30941058.
8. Gholkar AA, Senese S, Lo YC, Vides E, Contreras E, Hodara E, et al. (January 2016). "The X-Linked-Intellectual-Disability-Associated Ubiquitin Ligase Mid2 Interacts with Astrin and Regulates Astrin Levels to Promote Cell Division". Cell Reports. 14 (2): 180–188. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.035. PMC   4724641 . PMID   26748699.
9. Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, et al. (May 2001). "The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments". The EMBO Journal. 20 (9): 2140–2151. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140. PMC   125245 . PMID   11331580.
10. Short KM, Hopwood B, Yi Z, Cox TC (2002). "MID1 and MID2 homo- and heterodimerise to tether the rapamycin-sensitive PP2A regulatory subunit, alpha 4, to microtubules: implications for the clinical variability of X-linked Opitz GBBB syndrome and other developmental disorders". BMC Cell Biology. 3: 1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2121-3-1 . PMC   64779 . PMID   11806752.
11. Stormo AE, Shavarebi F, FitzGibbon M, Earley EM, Ahrendt H, Lum LS, et al. (April 2022). "The E3 ligase TRIM1 ubiquitinates LRRK2 and controls its localization, degradation, and toxicity". The Journal of Cell Biology. 221 (4): e202010065. doi:10.1083/jcb.202010065. PMC   8919618 . PMID   35266954.

Further reading

• Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, Patel AJ, Szabó G, Rual JF, et al. (May 2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): 801–814. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 . PMID   16713569.
• Jehee FS, Rosenberg C, Krepischi-Santos AC, Kok F, Knijnenburg J, Froyen G, et al. (December 2005). "An Xq22.3 duplication detected by comparative genomic hybridization microarray (Array-CGH) defines a new locus (FGS5) for FG syndrome". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 139 (3): 221–226. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30991. PMID   16283679. S2CID   37197250.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, et al. (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–1178. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID   16189514. S2CID   4427026.
• Yap MW, Nisole S, Lynch C, Stoye JP (July 2004). "Trim5alpha protein restricts both HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (29): 10786–10791. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10110786Y. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402876101 . PMC   490012 . PMID   15249690.
• Short KM, Hopwood B, Yi Z, Cox TC (2002). "MID1 and MID2 homo- and heterodimerise to tether the rapamycin-sensitive PP2A regulatory subunit, alpha 4, to microtubules: implications for the clinical variability of X-linked Opitz GBBB syndrome and other developmental disorders". BMC Cell Biology. 3: 1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2121-3-1 . PMC   64779 . PMID   11806752.
• Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, et al. (May 2001). "The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments". The EMBO Journal. 20 (9): 2140–2151. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140. PMC   125245 . PMID   11331580.
• Perry J, Short KM, Romer JT, Swift S, Cox TC, Ashworth A (December 1999). "FXY2/MID2, a gene related to the X-linked Opitz syndrome gene FXY/MID1, maps to Xq22 and encodes a FNIII domain-containing protein that associates with microtubules". Genomics. 62 (3): 385–394. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6043. PMID   10644436.
• Cainarca S, Messali S, Ballabio A, Meroni G (August 1999). "Functional characterization of the Opitz syndrome gene product (midin): evidence for homodimerization and association with microtubules throughout the cell cycle". Human Molecular Genetics. 8 (8): 1387–1396. doi: 10.1093/hmg/8.8.1387 . PMID   10400985.