MX1

MX1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3LJB, 3SZR, 3ZYS, 4P4S, 4P4T, 4P4U
Identifiers
Aliases	MX1 , IFI-78K, IFI78, MX, MxA, MX dynamin like GTPase 1, lncMX1-215
External IDs	OMIM: 147150; MGI: 97244; HomoloGene: 1844; GeneCards: MX1; OMA:MX1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human) [1] Band 21q22.3 Start 41,420,020 bp [1] End 41,470,071 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse) [2] Band 16 C4|16 57.51 cM Start 97,336,508 bp [2] End 97,362,100 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trigeminal ganglion spinal ganglia nasal epithelium palpebral conjunctiva monocyte decidua olfactory zone of nasal mucosa granulocyte spleen human penis Top expressed in embryo surface ectoderm duodenum thymus choroid plexus of fourth ventricle yolk sac muscle of thigh liver islet of Langerhans perirhinal cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding protein binding GTPase activity microtubule binding identical protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol nuclear membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane membrane endoplasmic reticulum perinuclear region of cytoplasm nucleus mitochondrial membranes Biological process defense response immune system process response to virus type I interferon signaling pathway innate immune response signal transduction apoptotic process response to type I interferon negative regulation of viral genome replication mitochondrial fission dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission membrane fusion defense response to virus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4599 17858 Ensembl ENSG00000157601 ENSMUSG00000023341 UniProt P20591 Q9WVP9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001144925 NM_001178046 NM_001282920 NM_002462 NM_013606 RefSeq (protein) NP_001138397 NP_001171517 NP_001269849 NP_002453 NP_038634 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 41.42 – 41.47 Mb Chr 16: 97.34 – 97.36 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX1 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

In mice, the interferon-inducible Mx protein is responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the human orthologue MxA is a major host determinant for influenza viruses of animal origin. ^[7] The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the mouse protein as determined by its antigenic relatedness, induction conditions, physicochemical properties, and amino acid analysis. This cytoplasmic protein is a member of both the dynamin superfamily and the family of large GTPases. ^[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157601 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023341 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G (Jul 2007). "Interferon-induced Mx proteins in antiviral host defense". Biochimie. 89 (6–7): 812–818. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.015. PMID   17570575.
6. "Entrez Gene: MX1 myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse)".
7. Ciminski K, Chase G, Beer M, Schwemmle M (Feb 2021). "Influenza A Viruses: Understanding Human Host Determinants". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 27 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.014. PMID   33097424. S2CID   225058479.

Further reading

• Pavlovic J, Haller O, Staeheli P (Apr 1992). "Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle". Journal of Virology. 66 (4): 2564–2569. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.4.2564-2569.1992. PMC   289059 . PMID   1548781.
• Horisberger MA (Aug 1992). "Interferon-induced human protein MxA is a GTPase which binds transiently to cellular proteins". Journal of Virology. 66 (8): 4705–4709. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.8.4705-4709.1992. PMC   241296 . PMID   1629950.
• Petersen MB, Slaugenhaupt SA, Lewis JG, Warren AC, Chakravarti A, Antonarakis SE (Mar 1991). "A genetic linkage map of 27 markers on human chromosome 21". Genomics. 9 (3): 407–419. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90406-5 . PMID   1674496.
• Horisberger MA, McMaster GK, Zeller H, Wathelet MG, Dellis J, Content J (Mar 1990). "Cloning and sequence analyses of cDNAs for interferon- and virus-induced human Mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter". Journal of Virology. 64 (3): 1171–1181. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.3.1171-1181.1990. PMC   249231 . PMID   2154602.
• Pavlovic J, Zürcher T, Haller O, Staeheli P (Jul 1990). "Resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human MxA protein". Journal of Virology. 64 (7): 3370–3375. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.7.3370-3375.1990. PMC   249583 . PMID   2161946.
• Aebi M, Fäh J, Hurt N, et al. (Nov 1989). "cDNA structures and regulation of two interferon-induced human Mx proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 9 (11): 5062–5072. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5062. PMC   363658 . PMID   2481229.
• Weitz G, Bekisz J, Zoon K, Arnheiter H (Dec 1989). "Purification and characterization of a human Mx protein". Journal of Interferon Research. 9 (6): 679–689. doi:10.1089/jir.1989.9.679. PMID   2607176.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID   8125298.
• Melen K, Keskinen P, Ronni T, Sareneva T, Lounatmaa K, Julkunen I (Sep 1996). "Human MxB protein, an interferon-alpha-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (38): 23478–23486. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.38.23478 . PMID   8798556.
• Ponten A, Sick C, Weeber M, Haller O, Kochs G (Apr 1997). "Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity". Journal of Virology. 71 (4): 2591–2599. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.4.2591-2599.1997. PMC   191379 . PMID   9060610.
• Fernández M, Quiroga JA, Martín J, et al. (Apr 1997). "Impaired interferon induction of human MxA protein in chronic hepatitis B virus infection". Journal of Medical Virology. 51 (4): 332–337. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<332::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID   9093949. S2CID   12578068.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID   9373149.
• Li Y, Youssoufian H (Dec 1997). "MxA overexpression reveals a common genetic link in four Fanconi anemia complementation groups". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 100 (11): 2873–2880. doi:10.1172/JCI119836. PMC   508494 . PMID   9389754.
• Kochs G, Trost M, Janzen C, Haller O (Jul 1998). "MxA GTPase: oligomerization and GTP-dependent interaction with viral RNP target structures". Methods. 15 (3). San Diego, Calif.: 255–263. doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0629. PMID   9735310.
• Weber F, Haller O, Kochs G (Jan 2000). "MxA GTPase blocks reporter gene expression of reconstituted Thogoto virus ribonucleoprotein complexes". Journal of Virology. 74 (1): 560–563. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.1.560-563.2000. PMC   111572 . PMID   10590150.
• Hijikata M, Ohta Y, Mishiro S (2000). "Identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MxA gene promoter (G/T at nt -88) correlated with the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon". Intervirology. 43 (2): 124–127. doi:10.1159/000025035. PMID   10971132. S2CID   19445539.
• Engelhardt OG, Ullrich E, Kochs G, Haller O (Dec 2001). "Interferon-induced antiviral Mx1 GTPase is associated with components of the SUMO-1 system and promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies". Experimental Cell Research. 271 (2): 286–295. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5380. PMID   11716541.
• Hijikata M, Mishiro S, Miyamoto C, Furuichi Y, Hashimoto M, Ohta Y (2002). "Genetic polymorphism of the MxA gene promoter and interferon responsiveness of hepatitis C patients: revisited by analyzing two SNP sites (-123 and -88) in vivo and in vitro". Intervirology. 44 (6): 379–382. doi:10.1159/000050075. PMID   11805446. S2CID   46752867.
• Kochs G, Haener M, Aebi U, Haller O (Apr 2002). "Self-assembly of human MxA GTPase into highly ordered dynamin-like oligomers". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 14172–14176. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200244200 . PMID   11847228.