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Laogai, short for laodong gaizao (劳动改造), which means reform through labor, is a criminal justice system involving the use of penal labor and prison farms in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Láogǎi is different from láojiào, or re-education through labor, which was the abolished administrative detention system for people who were not criminals but had committed minor offenses, and was intended to "reform offenders into law-abiding citizens". Persons who were detained in the laojiao were detained in facilities that were separate from those which comprised the general prison system of the laogai. Both systems, however, were based on penal labor.
Ma'anshan, also colloquially written as Maanshan, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of Anhui province in Eastern China. An industrial city stretching across the Yangtze River, Ma'anshan borders Hefei to the west, Wuhu to the southwest, and Nanjing to the east. It is a satellite city of the Nanjing metropolitan area and is also a city in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone.
Magang (Group) Holding Co., Ltd., or known as Masteel Group, is one of the major Chinese iron and steel enterprises. Since 2019, it is a joint venture of central government owned China Baowu Steel Group and Anhui Provincial People's Government's State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC). It is headquartered in Ma'anshan, Anhui province. The group produced iron and steel via its listed subsidiary Maanshan Iron and Steel Company Limited, which was a listed company since 1993. However, the group had a significant part remained unlisted.
Maanshan Iron & Steel Company Limited, known as Maanshan Iron & Steel or just Masteel is a Chinese listed company which engaged in steel manufacturing. The company was based in Ma'anshan, Anhui province. Since its establishment in 1993, it was controlled by the Chinese governments. However, the indirect parent company was changed to central government owned China Baowu Steel Group in June 2019, after the Group acquired 51% stake of Masteel Group, the direct parent company of the listed company from the Anhui provincial government.
Anqing Prison is a prison in Daguan, Anhui, China. It was established in 1906 and is the oldest prison still in use in the province. During the late Qing Dynasty it was known as "Anqing Criminal Training Center." During the Republic of China period it was called Yinmatang Prison. In May 1949, it was renamed North Anhui Anqing Administrative Area Prison. In June 1952 it was changed to Anqing public security office LRD. In June 1955 it was renamed No.2 Prison. In 1995 it was renamed to Anhui Anqing prison. The prison houses serious offenders. The prison enterprise consists of Anqing Wanjiang Color Weaving Company which includes a colored woven cloth factory, a garment factory, a machinery factory, and Qingfeng Plastics Factory. The prison mainly does machinery and garment processing.
Fuyang Prison is a prison in Fuyang, Anhui, China. It was established in 1971. It is a mid-size enterprise that works across a variety of industries, including fabric manufacturing, machine processing, and clothing manufacturing.
Jiucheng Administration Branch is a prison in Wangjiang County, Anhui, China established in 1957. It is one of the province's 2 largest agricultural prisons. It is located on the borders of Wangjiang and Susong Counties covering an area of 54,000 square kilometres (21,000 sq mi) and employing over 2000 guards. It controls 5 large-scale prisons including Bohu, Dongjiaohu, Menghu, Huanghu, and Majiahu. In 2002, the prison shifted from agriculture to the service industry. In 2005 it housed roughly 5,000 inmates whose labor is used to produce clothing, wool sweaters for export, to work with silver paper processing, and to continue with agricultural production. Inmates are forced to work up to 16 hours a day.
Jiulong Prison is a prison in Jiulong, Anhui, China. It is set in 120 acres (0.49 km2). During the 1983 "Strike Hard" campaign the prison managed the Woyang County Cement Factory under the Fuyang Area Bureau of Justice. In 1995, its name was changed to Fuyang City Longshan Prison. On August 26, 2004, after Fuyang and Haozhou were divided into separate administrative areas it moved from Longshan town, Woyang County to its present location and changed to its present name. It holds inmates serving sentences of 5 years or less from Fuyang's 5 counties and 3 districts.
Lujiang Prison is a prison in Chaohu City, Anhui, China established in 1957, with an area of 987mu. It is a high security prison for serious offenders currently employing over 1,600 inmates. The prison is one of China's largest national valve manufactures that produces standard valves. In 1997, it received (DNV)ISO9002 quality system authentication via Norwegian Classification Society. In 1998, it had large shares of stock in Shanghai East China Valve Ltd. In 1998, the prison received Anhui Province prize for quality control. Lujiang Changtai Machine Works was approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission to manage valve factory's imports and exports. Products are exported to other countries including Britain and the US. Several valves are best-selling in over 60 countries and regions, including the US, Japan, Britain, France, and Germany.
Qingshan Prison is a prison in Chaohu City, Anhui, China established in 1972. Originally Prov. No. 3 LRD, or Baihu Farm. In 1992, organization status changed to 'prison.' Has an area of 67.8 square meters, employs 225 guards, and 80% of the prisoners are severe criminals. The prison produces and assembles electric components, makes wool sweaters, and processes gemstones.
Shushan Prison is a prison in Hefei, Anhui, China. It was established in 1955. As in June 2006 it employed 300 police and held 1,500 inmates serving sentences of 10–20 years.
Suzhou Prison is a prison in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. In spring 1950, the Suxian Prefectural Commissioner's Office established the Sucheng LGB at present location. In 1956, it expanded to become the "Anhui Province No. 3 Prison" and on January 1, 1996, formally took on its current name. Primarily houses serious male offenders but began housing female prisoners in 1969. Currently has 350 employees. Huateng Garment Dyeing Ltd. is Anhui's largest producer of colored cloth.
Wuhu Prison is a prison in Wuhu, Anhui, China, established in 1905, named in 1915 and renamed Prov. No. 1 Prison in 1949. In the 1970s, its male inmates were moved to Fuyang City and female inmates to the Suzhou Women's Prison. It then became a juvenile offender detachment that includes a cotton mill and produces metal parts.
The 2010 Ma'anshan riot (马鞍山局长打人事件) or the June 11 incident occurred in Anhui Province, Ma'anshan, Huashan District in the People's Republic of China on June 11, 2010. It started out when a Chinese Communist Party official hit a boy with his car followed by a number of angry responses. The city then rioted over the official's action.
The Nanjing–Wuhu Expressway, commonly referred to as the Ningwu Expressway is a north-south bound expressway that connects Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu and Wuhu, Anhui. It is an auxiliary route of G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway that connects the parallel G42 and G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway. The expressway spans a length of 75 km (47 mi), passes two provinces and serves the cities of Nanjing, Jiangsu; Ma'anshan, Anhui; and Wuhu, Anhui. The north terminus of G4211 is at Tianbao Bridge in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, and the south terminus connects to G50 and G5011 Wuhu-Hefei Expressway via a cloverleaf interchange in Wuhu. G4211 is a four-lane limited access tollway for its entire length.
Hanma Technology Group Co., Ltd., formerly known as Hualing Xingma Automobile (Group) Co., Ltd. is a publicly traded Chinese manufacturer of trucks and truck-based special vehicles established in 1999. The company traces its origins back to a Ma'anshan manufacturer established in 1970. As a marque and as the company name in markets outside China, Hualing Xingma uses the designation CAMC. The current controlling shareholder of the company is Geely, who owns 28.01% through Geely New Energy Commercial Vehicle Group.
The Magang Constitution, also known as the Ma'anshan Constitution or Ma-steel Constitution, was a set of enterprise management system that was gradually formed in the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s after decades of socialist industrial construction and development and adopted in China. Nowadays, it has been abandoned.
Fu Xishou was a Chinese business executive and politician who served as governor of Anhui from 1989 to 1994.
References
- ↑ "Laogai Handbook" (PDF). Washington, DC: The Laogai Research Foundation. 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-28. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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