Madelon Lubin Finkel is a retired Professor of Population Health Sciences and Inaugural Director Office of Global Health Education (2004-2021) at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City. She holds a doctorate in epidemiology and health services research from the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of New York University. Finkel was a visiting professor at the School of Public Health, University of Sydney (Australia) in 2004, and at Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine in Bangkok Thailand in 2016. In 2008, she was named a Fulbright Senior Specialist.
Finkel's work on second surgical opinion programs led to the widespread adoption and implementation of the second opinion benefit required by almost all insurance companies, corporations, and unions. Finkel, in consultation with the New York City Board of Education, conducted many studies in the area of teenage pregnancy and childbearing. Her work led to the revision of the sexual education curriculum, which was implemented by the Board of Education in the early 1980s. Her work in the area of hormone replacement therapy focused on alternatives for women experiencing menopause. She is involved in a cervical cancer screening project in rural India, and is studying the health impact of hydraulic fracturing. Finkel's publications on unconventional gas extraction have been cited widely in the lay and professional press. Her article with Adam Law, "The Rush to Drill for Natural Gas: A Public Health Cautionary Tale", [1] calls for epidemiologic studies to assess the potential for harm to human health. Finkel and Law wrote the seminal piece on the potential for harm to human health from unconventional gas development. Since that publication, she has written numerous pieces in the lay and professional press on the health impact of hydraulic fracturing.
Finkel has published widely on public health topics. Her ninth book, Understanding the Mammography Controversy: Science, Politics, and Breast Cancer Screening, focused on breast cancer screening. It was recommended by the reviewer for Lancet. Her 10th book, Truth, Lies, and Public Health: How We Are Affected when Science and Politics Collide, discusses in a series of essays the potentially toxic interaction of politics and science. [2] She served as editor of Public Health in the 21st Century, published in 2010. In 2015, she published an in-depth analysis of the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment and human health (The Human and Environmental Impact of Fracking: How Fracturing Shale for Gas Affects Us and Our World. Prager Press). In 2017, she edited Cancer Screening in the Developing World: Case Studies and Strategies from the Field (University Press of New England), which presents innovative strategies in cancer screening in a diverse array of developing countries. This book was awarded the bronze medal by the Independent Publisher Book Awards in 2019. Building on her expertise in the potential for harm to health and the environment from fossil fuel extraction, her book, Pipeline Politics: The Evidence Being Ignored and What’s at Stake (Praeger Press, 2017) presents a fascinating history of the geo-politics of energy and pipeline wars. Finkel's latest book, Breast Cancer Facts, Myths, and Controversies: Understanding Current Screenings and Treatments (Praeger Press 2021), provides an easy-to-understand presentation about breast cancer screening and treatment as well as ways of coping with the disease. The text explains the history of breast cancer detection, treatment, and prevention and discusses the benefits and side effects of targeted therapies.
In 2019, Finkel established, The Madelon Global Health Foundation, a non-profit organization whose purpose is to focus on women's health issues in an effort to help better the lives of women living in low- and middle-income countries. A secondary purpose is to support organizations and programs that are dedicated to addressing climate change/global warming, specifically as related to its impact on human health.
Finkel was named the Bruce Laine Ballard, MD Award for Excellence in Mentorship in 2012, and was awarded the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018. This is an honor reserved for individuals who have demonstrated leadership, excellence and longevity within their respective industries and professions. Finkel has received seven Excellence in Teaching awards from Weill Cornell in recognition of her teaching at the Medical School. In 2022, she received a Lifetime Achievement in Education Award from Weill Cornell.
Finkel serves as secretary of the board of Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy (PSE), a non-profit organization whose focus is to examine the empirical bases and assumptions of unconventional energy production as well as the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. She also serves as a board member (formerly Secretary of the Board) of the Christian Medical College Vellore Foundation, USA.
Born Madelon Lubin and is the daughter of Ralph and Lorraine Lubin. She married David J. Finkel in 1973 [3] and divorced 21 years later. She married Arnold N. Lefkowitz in 1999. She has one daughter, Rebecca Finkel, and three step-daughters, including Eva Lefkowitz and Ryan Lefkowitz, Esq., and two grandchildren.
Mammography is the process of using low-energy X-rays to examine the human breast for diagnosis and screening. The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer, typically through detection of characteristic masses or microcalcifications.
Fracking in the United States began in 1949. According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured. The output from these wells makes up 43% of the oil production and 67% of the natural gas production in the United States. Environmental safety and health concerns about hydraulic fracturing emerged in the 1980s, and are still being debated at the state and federal levels.
Shale gas is an unconventional natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. Since the 1990s a combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has made large volumes of shale gas more economical to produce, and some analysts expect that shale gas will greatly expand worldwide energy supply.
Breast cancer screening is the medical screening of asymptomatic, apparently healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to achieve an earlier diagnosis. The assumption is that early detection will improve outcomes. A number of screening tests have been employed, including clinical and self breast exams, mammography, genetic screening, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Well stimulation is a well intervention performed on an oil or gas well to increase production by improving the flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir into the well bore. It may be done using a well stimulator structure or using off shore ships / drilling vessels, also known as "Well stimulation vessels".
Breast cancer awareness is an effort to raise awareness and reduce the stigma of breast cancer through education about screening, symptoms, and treatment. Supporters hope that greater knowledge will lead to earlier detection of breast cancer, which is associated with higher long-term survival rates, and that money raised for breast cancer will produce a reliable, permanent cure.
Fracking is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants hold the fractures open.
Fracking in the United Kingdom started in the late 1970s with fracturing of the conventional oil and gas fields near the North Sea. It was used in about 200 British onshore oil and gas wells from the early 1980s. The technique attracted attention after licences use were awarded for onshore shale gas exploration in 2008. The topic received considerable public debate on environmental grounds, with a 2019 high court ruling ultimately banning the process. The two remaining high-volume fracturing wells were supposed to be plugged and decommissioned in 2022.
Environmental impact of fracking in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, air pollution, migration of gases and fracking chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health. Research has determined that human health is affected. A number of instances with groundwater contamination have been documented due to well casing failures and illegal disposal practices, including confirmation of chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards such as pregnancy and birth outcomes, migraine headaches, chronic rhinosinusitis, severe fatigue, asthma exacerbations, and psychological stress. While opponents of water safety regulation claim fracking has never caused any drinking water contamination, adherence to regulation and safety procedures is required to avoid further negative impacts.
The environmental impact of fracking is related to land use and water consumption, air emissions, including methane emissions, brine and fracturing fluid leakage, water contamination, noise pollution, and health. Water and air pollution are the biggest risks to human health from fracking. Research has determined that fracking negatively affects human health and drives climate change.
Countries using or considering to use fracking have implemented different regulations, including developing federal and regional legislation, and local zoning limitations. In 2011, after public pressure France became the first nation to ban hydraulic fracturing, based on the precautionary principle as well as the principal of preventive and corrective action of environmental hazards. The ban was upheld by an October 2013 ruling of the Constitutional Council. Some other countries have placed a temporary moratorium on the practice. Countries like the United Kingdom and South Africa, have lifted their bans, choosing to focus on regulation instead of outright prohibition. Germany has announced draft regulations that would allow using hydraulic fracturing for the exploitation of shale gas deposits with the exception of wetland areas.
In medicine, breast imaging is a sub-speciality of diagnostic radiology that involves imaging of the breasts for screening or diagnostic purposes. There are various methods of breast imaging using a variety of technologies as described in detail below. Traditional screening and diagnostic mammography uses x-ray technology and has been the mainstay of breast imaging for many decades. Breast tomosynthesis is a relatively new digital x-ray mammography technique that produces multiple image slices of the breast similar to, but distinct from, computed tomography (CT). Xeromammography and galactography are somewhat outdated technologies that also use x-ray technology and are now used infrequently in the detection of breast cancer. Breast ultrasound is another technology employed in diagnosis and screening that can help differentiate between fluid filled and solid lesions, an important factor to determine if a lesion may be cancerous. Breast MRI is a technology typically reserved for high-risk patients and patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Lastly, scintimammography is used in a subgroup of patients who have abnormal mammograms or whose screening is not reliable on the basis of using traditional mammography or ultrasound.
Fiona Jane Gilbert is a Scottish radiologist and academic.
Ho Weang Kee is a Malaysian statistician whose research focuses on the application of statistical methods to genetic data analysis. She is an associate professor of statistics at the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus in the Department of Applied Mathematics. In 2018, Ho received the L'Oréal-UNESCO International Rising Talent Award in recognition of her work toward developing a predictive model estimating the risk of breast cancer for Southeast Asian women.
Diana S.M. Buist is an American epidemiologist. She is a senior investigator and director of research and strategic partnerships at Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute.
Henrietta Elizabeth Banting or “Lady Banting” was a Canadian physician and the second wife of Sir Frederick Banting. Banting was the Director of Women's College Hospital's Cancer Detection Clinic from 1958-1971. While working at the Cancer Detection Clinic, she conducted a research study on mammography to measure its effectiveness as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer.
Diana Lynn Miglioretti is an American biostatistician specializing in the availability and effectiveness of breast cancer screening and in radiation hazards from medical imaging; she has also studied connections between Down syndrome and leukemia. She is Dean's Professor of Public Health Sciences and head of the biostatistics division in the UC Davis School of Medicine. She co-leads the U.S. Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.
Geetha Manjunath is an Indian entrepreneur and computer scientist. She is the founder and CEO of NIRAMAI Health Analytix, a Bengaluru based start-up that provides non-invasive, radiation free breast cancer screening through AI.
Dense breast tissue, also known as dense breasts, is a condition of the breasts where a higher proportion of the breasts are made up of glandular tissue and fibrous tissue than fatty tissue. Around 40–50% of women have dense breast tissue and one of the main medical components of the condition is that mammograms are unable to differentiate tumorous tissue from the surrounding dense tissue. This increases the risk of late diagnosis of breast cancer in women with dense breast tissue. Additionally, women with such tissue have a higher likelihood of developing breast cancer in general, though the reasons for this are poorly understood.
Una Joan Croll was an Australian physician and radiologist who specialised in ultrasound and mammography. Outside medicine, she was an environmental activist, one of the 13 women who saved Kelly's Bush in Sydney.