The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.
The Nepali Congress is the largest social democratic political party in Nepal. As per the results of recent local election, Nepali Congress stands as the single largest party of Nepal at all levels of government. It is the current main opposition party in Nepal since 26 December 2022. With more than one million active members, the party remains the largest party in Nepal by membership.
Pushpa Kamal Dahal, also widely known by his nom de guerre Prachanda, is a Nepalese politician serving as the current Prime Minister of Nepal. He previously held the prime ministerial post from 2008 to 2009, and again from 2016 to 2017.
The Communist Party of Nepal is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of the major parties in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
Sher Bahadur Deuba is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served five terms as the prime minister and is the Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Dadeldhura 1.
The Rastriya Prajatantra Party is a constitutional monarchist and Hindu nationalist political party in Nepal. As of 26 January 2022, it remains a junior ally in Prachanda led Maoist collision government.
Madhav Kumar Nepal, is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister of Nepal. He served as Prime Minister of Nepal from 25 May 2009 to 6 February 2011 for nearly two years.
The Nepal Communist Party, abbreviated NCP is a defunct communist party of Nepal. It was founded on 17 May 2018, from the unification of two leftist parties, Communist Party of Nepal and Communist Party of Nepal. The unification was completed by the Party Unification Coordination Committee, after eight months of negotiation. The two predecessor parties subsequently dissolved, making way for the new united party. The party retained the electoral symbol of the CPN (UML), the sun.
Bijaya Kumar Gachhadar is a Nepalese politician and leader of the Nepali Congress. He has served five terms as deputy prime minister of Nepal under the government of Madhav Kumar Nepal ,Baburam Bhattarai, KP Sharma Oli, Pushpa Kamal Dahal and Sher Bahadur Deuba. He was the second vice-president of Nepali Congress.
Bimalendra Nidhi is a Nepali politician who serves as a member of the House of Representatives and a senior leader of Nepali Congress. He is the former Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal and Minister of Home Affairs of Nepal. Nidhi has also served as the Vice-president and General secretary of Nepali Congress, the governing party of the Nepal for tenures of four consecutive years each.
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister of Nepal. He served three terms as prime minister from 11 October 2015 to 3 August 2016, from 15 February 2018 to 13 May 2021 as the first elected prime minister under the new constitution, and from 13 May 2021 to 13 July 2021.
Dr. Bhim Bahadur Rawal commonly known as Bhim Rawal is a Nepali politician, former Deputy Prime Minister & Defence Minister of Nepal in Second Oli cabinet. He served as the Minister of Home Affairs of Nepal in Madhav Nepal cabinet. He was one of the six Deputy Prime Minister in KP Sharma Oli cabinet including Bijay Kumar Gachhadar, C. P. Mainali, Chitra Bahadur K.C., Kamal Thapa and Top Bahadur Rayamajhi which was accused of paving the way for MCC in Nepal but isn't confirmed yet, the vague accusement.
Bidya Devi Bhandari is a Nepali politician who is serving as the second and current president of Nepal. She formerly served as the minister of defence and minister of environment and population.
On 7 June 2017, Sher Bahadur Deuba got elected as the new Prime Minister of Nepal and therefore formed the new Governmental Cabinet of Nepal Deuba's candidacy was supported by the Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, the Rastriya Janata Party Nepal, the Nepal Loktantrik Forum, the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal and several small parties represented in the Nepalese Parliament after a power-sharing deal with the Communist Party of Nepal, who also supported Deuba's candidacy. After being sworn in, Deuba formed a new government in a coalition with the parties that supported his election. On 17 October 2017, in preparation for the Nepalese legislative election, the Communist Party of Nepal decided to cooperate with the Communist Party of Nepal. For this, all of their ministers left the cabinet after Prime Minister Deuba was prepared to dismiss them.
On 4 August 2016, Pushpa Kamal Dahal of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre) was elected as the Prime Minister of Nepal. His candidacy was supported by the Nepali Congress, and several small parties represented in the Nepalese Parliament after a power-sharing deal with the Nepali Congress. Due to this, Dahal would become Prime Minister until the 2017 Nepalese local elections, after which he would step down in favour of the Nepali Congress.
On 6 February 2011, Jhala Nath Khanal of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML) was elected the new Prime Minister of Nepal, after his predecessor Madhav Kumar Nepal resigned as the head of the government seven months before in June 2010. While many Nepalese thought that this would bring stability to the country, differences with the coalition partner, the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) led to only three ministers being sworn in along the Prime Minister on 6 February 2011.
The Second Oli cabinet was the Government of Nepal from 15 February 2018 to 13 July 2021. It was initially formed as a majority coalition on 15 February 2018, after Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli was elected as the new Prime Minister of Nepal following the 2017 general election. Oli's candidacy was supported by the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal. He assumed his office along with two ministers with the remaining ministers added at later points. The CPN withdrew its support from the government in May 2021, reducing it to a minority, and after the dissolution of the House of Representatives, it turned into an interim government. The second Oli cabinet was replaced by the fifth Deuba cabinet, formed after the Supreme Court ordered the appointment of Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister under in accordance with Article 76 (5) of the Constitution of Nepal.
The Fifth Deuba cabinet was the Government of Nepal from 13 July 2021 to 26 December 2022. It was formed after Sher Bahadur Deuba was appointed as the new prime minister of Nepal by president Bidya Devi Bhandari following an order from the Supreme Court, which declared the dissolution of the House of Representatives on the recommendation of former prime minister KP Sharma Oli to be unlawful. The fifth Deuba cabinet was replaced by the third Dahal cabinet on 26 December 2022, when Pushpa Kamal Dahal's CPN broke away from the electoral alliance with Nepali Congress and joined hands with other opposition parties to form a government in the aftermath of the 2022 general election.
At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party revived the Communist Party of Nepal, and the Communist Party of Nepal.
