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A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery, tiles and bricks. Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing and to transform many other materials.
Mahjong or mah-jongg is a tile-based game that was developed in the 19th century in China and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century. It is played by four players. The game and its regional variants are widely played throughout East and Southeast Asia and have also become popular in Western countries. The game has also been adapted into a widespread online entertainment. Similar to the Western card game rummy, mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and luck. To distinguish it from mahjong solitaire, it is sometimes referred to as mahjong rummy.
A roof is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights, providing protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is part of the building envelope.
Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.
In the context of construction, the R-value is a measure of how well a two-dimensional barrier, such as a layer of insulation, a window or a complete wall or ceiling, resists the conductive flow of heat. R-value is the temperature difference per unit of heat flux needed to sustain one unit of heat flux between the warmer surface and colder surface of a barrier under steady-state conditions. The measure is therefore equally relevant for lowering energy bills for heating in the winter, for cooling in the summer, and for general comfort.
Mahjong tiles are tiles of Chinese origin that are used to play mahjong as well as mahjong solitaire and other games. Although they are most commonly tiles, they may refer to playing cards with similar contents as well.
A pillow is a support of the body at rest for comfort, therapy, or decoration. Pillows are used in different variations by many species, including humans. Some types of pillows include throw pillows, body pillows, decorative pillows, and many more. Pillows that aid sleeping are a form of bedding that supports the head and neck. Other types of pillows are designed to support the body when lying down or sitting. There are also pillows that consider human body shape for increased comfort during sleep. Decorative pillows used on beds, couches or chairs are sometimes referred to as cushions.
A mattress is a large, usually rectangular pad for supporting a lying person. It is designed to be used as a bed, or on a bed frame as part of a bed. Mattresses may consist of a quilted or similarly fastened case, usually of heavy cloth, containing materials such as hair, straw, cotton, foam rubber, or a framework of metal springs. Mattresses may also be filled with air or water.
The kang is a traditional heated platform, 2 metres or more long, used for general living, working, entertaining and sleeping in the northern part of China, where the winter climate is cold. It is made of bricks or other forms of fired clay and more recently of concrete in some locations. The word kang means "to dry".
In materials science, a metal foam is a material or structure consisting of a solid metal with gas-filled pores comprising a large portion of the volume. The pores can be sealed or interconnected. The defining characteristic of metal foams is a high porosity: typically only 5–25% of the volume is the base metal. The strength of the material is due to the square–cube law.
Da Hong Pao is a Wuyi rock tea grown in the Wuyi Mountains of Fujian Province, China. Da Hong Pao has a unique orchid fragrance and a long-lasting sweet aftertaste. Dry Da Hong Pao has a shape like tightly knotted ropes or slightly twisted strips, and is green and brown in color. After brewing, the tea is orange-yellow, bright, and clear. Da Hong Pao can retain its flavor for nine steepings. The tea is often known to be extremely expensive.
A masonry heater is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel, and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period. Masonry heaters covered in tile are called cocklestoves. The technology has existed in different forms, from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods. Archaeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings, to radiate into the living spaces. These early forms have evolved into modern systems.
Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling that achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using hydronic or electrical heating elements embedded in a floor. Heating is achieved by conduction, radiation and convection. Use of underfloor heating dates back to the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods.
A bamboo wife is a bolster (pillow) made from a woven bamboo cylinder that may be as large as the size of the human body. It goes by names such as, also known as a Dutch wife, in Tagalog as kawil ; in Burmese as ဖက်လုံး and in Indonesian as guling.
A bolster is a long narrow pillow or cushion filled with cotton, down or fibre. Bolsters are usually firm for back or arm support or for decorative application. They are not a standard size or shape and commonly have a zipper or hook-and-loop enclosure. A foam insert is sometimes used for additional support. A bolster is also referred to as a cushion, a pillow and a prop. A bolster pillow is a common shape for lace pillows.
A bed base, sometimes called a foundation, is the part of a bed that supports the mattress. The bed base can itself be held in place and framed by the bedstead. In the United States, box-spring bed bases are very common. In Europe, sprung slats are much more common.
Xide County is a county in the south of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the southwestern mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, in the north-central area of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Xide County is bounded in the east by Zhaojue County, in the south by Xichang, in the west by Mianning County, and in the north by Yuexi County. As of 2020, it has an estimated population of 158,000 covering a total area of 2,206 square kilometers. The northern dialect of Yi language is commonly used, and the Yi language of Sichuan is based on the pronunciation of Xide County.
The Hundred Regiments Offensive also known as the Hundred Regiments Campaign was a major campaign of the Chinese Communist Party's National Revolutionary Army divisions. It was commanded by Peng Dehuai against the Imperial Japanese Army in Central China. The battle had long been the focus of propaganda in the history of Chinese Communist Party but had become Peng Dehuai's "crime" during the Cultural Revolution. Certain issues regarding its launching and consequences are still controversial.
Playing cards were most likely invented in China during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). They were certainly in existence by the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271-1368). Chinese use the word pái (牌), meaning "plaque", to refer to both playing cards and tiles. Many early sources are ambiguous, and do not specifically refer to paper pái (cards) or bone pái (tiles); but there is no difference in play between these, as either serves to hide one face from the other players with identical backs. Card games are examples of imperfect information games as opposed to Chess or Go.
Shilongba is a town in Huaping County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2017 statistics it had a population of 18,000 and an area of 315.4-square-kilometre (121.8 sq mi).
References
- ↑ "Chinese Dictionary: Practice Writing & Character Memorization by Inputting English, Pinyin, Or Chinese!". dictionary.writtenchinese.com. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
- ↑ 梁德潤; Liang, Derun; 鄭建德 (2003). 中大漢英詞典 (in Chinese). Chinese University Press. p. 465. ISBN 978-962-996-093-3.
- ↑ Meadows, Thomas Taylor (1856). The Chinese and their rebellions viewed in connection with their ... philosophy, ethics, legislation and administration. To which is added an essay on civilization. p. 303.
- ↑ Wright, Edward Reynolds; Pae, Man-sil (1984). Korean Furniture: Elegance and Tradition. Kodansha International. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-87011-652-0.
- ↑ China's Country Report on Forestry. Forestry Policy and Planning Division. 1997. p. 64.
- ↑ Kahn, Matthew E.; Zheng, Siqi (July 16, 2019). Blue Skies Over Beijing: Economic Growth and the Environment in China. Princeton University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-691-19281-9.
- ↑ Zhaohua, Zhu; Wei, Jin (February 7, 2018). Sustainable Bamboo Development. CABI. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-78639-401-9.
- ↑ Zhaohua, Zhu; Wei, Jin (February 7, 2018). Sustainable Bamboo Development. CABI. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-78639-401-9.
- ↑ Hore, Jeanie (February 5, 2013). A Hore in China. Colibri Editions. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-4797-4424-4.
- ↑ 习惯老哥 (June 4, 2017). "凉席选购指南 | 夏天凉席哪种好_凉席材质介绍_什么值得买". post.smzdm.com (in Chinese). Retrieved August 25, 2022.
- ↑ "凉席哪种好？凉席有哪些？". 知乎专栏 (in Chinese). Retrieved August 25, 2022.
