Malleshwaram, Bengaluru inscriptions

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A view of the Kadu Malleshwara Temple Gopura Kadu Malleshwara Temple.jpg
A view of the Kadu Malleshwara Temple Gopura

Malleshwaram is a North-Western locality of Bengaluru and one of the oldest planned layouts of Bengaluru. In 1898 when Bangalore was hit by the plague epidemic, Malleshwaram was developed on modern lines as a new residential locality of the city. [1] [2] However, as evidenced by Ekoji's inscription the village of Mallapura had existed since at least 1669CE. The name Mallapura is derived from two words, Malai meaning "hill" and Pura meaning "town". The name Mallapura has since changed to Malleshwara over the years.

Contents

Two inscriptions have been documented in Malleshwaram, Ekoji's Mallapura Mallikarjuna temple donation inscription while the other is Jakkarayana Kere inscription documented in the Epigraphia Carnatica Volume 9. [3]

Malleshwaram 1669 CE Ekoji's Mallapura Mallikarjuna temple Donation inscription

Malleshwaram Ekoji Inscription
Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Malleshwaram 1669CE Ekoji's Mallapura Mallikarjuna Temple Donation Inscription.png
3D image of the Ekoji Inscription
Material Stone
Height115 cm (45 in)
WritingKannada
Present location Kadu Malleshwara Temple, Bengaluru

It is a Kannada inscription dated to 1669 CE records the donation of Medaraninganahalli village to the Mallapura Mallikarjuna Temple by Ekoji, a Maratha King (Step-Brother of Shivaji) on the request of the people of "bĕṃgulura mahanāḍu", a verbatim reference to the name "Bengaluru". Notably, it can be inferred that the earlier name of Malleshwaram was Mallapura.

The inscription also records an interesting Shapashaya, final imprecatory verses usually written at the end in inscriptions to warn people of the consequences of not honoring the orders of the grant or destroying it. It mentions that anyone who violates the donation will face severe consequences of being reborn as a donkey, crow, or Chandala . It is also written that every class of the society should honor this donation and every class includes Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. If any of these mentioned classes dishonor the donation, they will be cursed with a similar fate as those who commit the grave sin of killing a cow in Kashi. It also warns Muslims, that they will bear the same sin as one who consumes pork in Mecca if they dishonor the donation. It is the earliest inscription of the Bengaluru region referencing Islam and their adherents.

Physical Characteristics of the inscription

The size of the inscription is 115 centimeter tall and 392 centimeter wide. The characters on the inscription are of the size of 8.3 centimeter tall, 6.5 centimeter wide, and 0.45 centimeter deep. A total number of 7 lines and 155 characters are included in the inscription. Characters such as sun, moon and a plough are inscribed on the stone.

Discovery and dating of the inscription

A view of the room in which the Malleshwaram 1669CE Ekoji's Mallapura Mallikarjuna Temple Donation Inscription is. PC: Wikimedia Commons A view of the room in which the Malleshwaram 1669CE Ekoji's Mallapura Mallikarjuna Temple Donation Inscription is.jpg
A view of the room in which the Malleshwaram 1669CE Ekoji's Mallapura Mallikarjuna Temple Donation Inscription is. PC: Wikimedia Commons

The inscription was first documented in the Epigraphia Carnatica Vol. 9, Supplement, published in the year 1905 by B. L. Rice. This inscription is dated to Monday, 25 November 1669 CE.

Transliteration of the text

The inscription is of 7 lines and the transliterated text of the inscription in Kannada and IAST are as follows. [3]

Kannada IAST
1ಸೌಮ್ಯ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಮಾರ್ಗಶಿರ ಶುದ್ಧಲೂsaumya saṃvatsarada mārgaśira śuddha lū
2ಶ್ರೀಮತು ಮಲ್ಲಪುರದ ಮಲ್ಲಿಕಾರ್ಜುನ ದೇವರ ದೇವಮಾನ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಯೆಕೋಜಿರಾಯನ ಬೆೆಂಗುಳುರśrīmatu mallapurada mallikārjuna devara devamānyakkĕ yĕkojirāyana bĕṃgulura ̤
3ಮಹನಾಡು ಕೇಳಲಿಕಾಗಿ ಮೆದರನಿಿಂಗನಹಳಿಯ

ಧರ್ಮಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟನು ಕೋಟಿ ಚಂದ್ರಸೂರ್ಯರು

mahanāḍu kelalikāgi mĕdaraniṃgana ̤ -haliya dharmakkĕ kŏṭṭanu koṭi caṃ ̤ -drasūryaru
4ಉಳಕಾಲಉ ಧರ್ಮಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಟನು ಯೀ ಧರ್ಮಕ್ಕೆ ವಕ್ರ ಮಾಡಿದವರು ಕತ್ತಿಯ ಕಾಗಿಯ ಚಂಡಾಲರ ಜಲ್ಮulakālaü dharmakkĕ kŏṭanu yī dhar ̤ - makkĕ vakra māḍidavaru kattiya kāgiya caṃḍālara jalma
5ದಲಿ ಹುಟುವರುdali huṭuvaru
6ಮುಸಾಲಮಾನರಾದವರು ಮಕೆಯಲಿ ಹಂದಿ ತಿಿಂದ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಚೆತ್ರಿ ವೈಶ್ಯ ಸೂದ್ರ ಕಾಸಿಯಲಿ ಗೋವmusālamānarādavaru makĕyali haṃdi tiṃda brāhmaṇa cĕtri vaiśya sūdra kāsiyali gova
7ಕೊಂದ ಪಪಕೆ ಹೋಗುವkŏṃda papakĕ hoguva

Additional Information in the Inscription

Malleshwaram Inscription Wikimedia Commons Malleshwaram 1669CE Kannada Inscription.jpg
Malleshwaram Inscription Wikimedia Commons

Medaraninganahalli mentioned in the inscription, does not exist anymore as the village and its lands were acquired for the construction of Indian Institute of Science Campus. An 1854 Bangalore map marks the region of Medaraninganahalli which has shown that the region would have spanned the eastern part of IISc Bangalore Campus, the staff colony of CPRI and the area beyond New BEL Road into CPRI. [4] The name Medaraninganahalli is derived from three words, 'Medara', name of a caste of bamboo weavers, 'Ninga', a name of a person and 'Halli' meaning 'village' in Kannada. Medaras can be found in various parts of Karnataka, Telangana and Tamil Nadu. They are chiefly found in the Shivamogga and Mysuru districts. The Medaras are engaged in the profession of making Mats, Baskets, Ladders and storage out of Bamboo materials. [5] This community is also called as Meda, Medara, etc. [6] They would gather fresh bamboo from nearby forests and skillfully craft them into mats, baskets and other useful items. [6]

Jakkarayanakere Inscription

It is an undated Kannada inscription that records a possible donation, as much of the text is incomplete, the context and the full meaning of the inscription cannot be deduced. It mentions an historical administrative division 'Yalahanka Naad' ( present day Yelahanka, North Bengaluru). This inscription was first documented in the Epigraphia Carnatica Volume 9, it mentions that this inscription was found in Jakkarayanakere which corresponds to the area around Krishna Flour Mill in Sampige Road, Malleshwaram. However, the present physical status of the inscription is not known. [3]

Transliteration of the text

The text is published in the Epigraphia carnatica.

Line

Number

Kannada IAST
1ಶ್ರೀಮತುವಿಕಾರಿಸŚrīmatuvikārisa
2Oವತ್ಸರದಜೇಷ್ಟಬ ೧Ovatsara jēṣṭaba 1
3ಸೋಯಾಲಹಂಕನಾಡsōyālahaṅkanāḍa
4ಪ್ರಜಾ . . . . . .prajā. . . . . .
5ಗೌಡುತನದಮುಂgowdatanadamum
6ವೀರ . . .ಬಮveera . . .bama
7ಚಾಕಲಕನಲುಸಂಗcākalakanalusaṅga
8ನಕೊಡಗಿಮಾನ್ಯಂಮnakoḍagimān'yamma
9ಡಿಯಿ. . .ಲುಸುdiyi. . . .lusu
10ಡು ಬೆಂಡ್ಯರdu bendyara
11ಯಾವ . ತಂಮನಾyāva . tammanā
12ಆಚಾರಿಕಾಮುಂಜಕ ।āchārimunjaka
13ಚನಪಾಂಡ . . .chanapānda. . .

See also

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References

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  4. "Wikimaps Warper: Viewing Map 1996". warper.wmflabs.org. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
  5. Bathuku Chitram | Special story on Medari (Mahendra) community | V6 News (18-06-2015) , retrieved 2023-12-17
  6. 1 2 H.v. Nanjundayya (1944). The Mysore Tribes And Castes Volume 4.