Malwa Province Malwa Subah | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province of Mughals | |||||||||
1568–1737 | |||||||||
Malwa Subah depicted in map of Mughal Empire by Robert Wilkinson (1805) | |||||||||
Capital | Ujjain | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
• Coordinates | 23°10′37″N75°47′10″E / 23.177°N 75.786°E | ||||||||
Government | |||||||||
Subahdar | |||||||||
• 1561 | Adham Khan Koka (first) | ||||||||
• 1732 - 1737 | Jai Singh II (last) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• First conquered from Baz Bahadur | 1561 | ||||||||
• Established | 1568 | ||||||||
• Conquered by Maratha Empire | 1737 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | India |
The Malwa Subah was one of the original twelve Subahs (provinces) of the Mughal Empire, including Gondwana, from 1568-1743. Its seat was Ujjain. It shared borders with the autonomous and tributary chiefdoms in the east, as well as Berar, Kandesh, Ahmadnagar (Deccan), Gujarat, Ajmer, Agra, and Allahabad subahs.
Before becoming part of the Mughal Empire, the Malwa region was an independent sultanate. Its last ruler, Baz Bahadur, was defeated and its capital, Mandu, was conquered in 1562 by the Mughal Emperor Akbar’s army led by Abdullah Khan, the Uzbeg. [1] He was appointed its first governor. In 1564 he was replaced by Qara Bahadur Khan. In 1568 it became a subah of Mughal empire.[ citation needed ] One of its last governors was Sawai Jai Singh, who was the governor of the Subah for three times, from 1714-17, from 1729-30 and from 28 September 1732 to 4 August 1737. [2] The Mughal hold on Malwa ended in 1743, when Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao obtained the formal grant of Naib-subahdari (deputy governorship) of Malwa.
Malwa Subah comprised 12 sarkars (districts): Ujjain, Chanderi, Raisen, Garha Mandla, Sarangpur, Bijagarh, Mandu, Handia, Nandurbar, Mandsaur, Gagron and Kotri-Parava. These sarkars are further divided into 301 parganas . The city of Ujjain was the capital of the subah. [3]
The sarkars (districts) and the parganas (tehsils) of Malwa Subah were:
Sarkar | Pargana |
---|---|
Ujjain | 10 parganas, Ujjain was the capital |
Raisen | 32 parganas |
Garha Mandla | 57 parganas |
Chanderi | 61 parganas |
Sarangpur | 24 parganas |
Bijagarh | 29 parganas |
Mandu | 16 parganas |
Handia | 23 parganas |
Nandurbar | 7 parganas |
Mandsaur | 17 parganas |
Gagron | 12 parganas |
Kotri-Pirawa | 10 parganas |
Personal Name [4] | Reign | ||
---|---|---|---|
Conquest of Malwa from Baz Bahadur by the Mughal Emperor Akbar | |||
Adham Khan Koka | 1561 | ||
Pir Muhammad Khan | 1561 | ||
Malwa retaken by Baz Bahadur | |||
Abdullah Khan Uzbek | 1562 – 1564 | ||
Abdullah Khan Uzbek revolts; Malwa retaken by Emperor Akbar | |||
Muhammad Quli Khan Barlas | 1564 – 1566 | ||
Shihab-ud-din Ahmed Khan | 1566 – 1568 | ||
Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan | 1568 – ? | ||
Muzaffar Khan Turbati | 1573? – ? | ||
Shihab-ud-din Ahmed Khan | 1574? – 1577? | ||
Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan | 1577? – ? | ||
Mirza Aziz Koka Khan-e-Azam | 1578? – 1590 | ||
Ahmed | 1590 | ||
Sultan Murad Mirza | 1590 – 1594 | ||
Mirza Shahrukh | 1594 – 1600 | ||
Sultan Daniyal Mirza | 1600 – 1604 | ||
Pir Khan Lodhi Khan Jahan II | 1627 – ? | ||
Abdullah Khan Firoz Jang | 1657 – ? | ||
Mukhtiyar Khan | 1697 – 1701 | ||
Abu Nasr Khan Shaista Khan II | 1701 – 1704 | ||
Sultan Bidar Bakht | 1704 – 1706 | ||
Ikhlas Khan Khan-e-Aalam | 1706 – 1707 | ||
Nijabat Khan | 1707 | ||
Abdullah Khan | 1707 | ||
Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh II | 1714 – 1717 | ||
Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk | 1719 – 1722 | ||
Girdhar Bahadur | 1722 – 1723 | ||
Azim-ullah Khan | 1723 – 1725 | ||
Girdhar Bahadur | 1725 – 1728 | ||
Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh II | 1729 – 1730 | ||
Muhammad Khan Bangash Ghazanfar Jang | 1730 – 1732 | ||
Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh II | 1732 – 1737 | ||
Conquered by Marathas under Baji Rao I in 1737 |
Malwa is a historical region of west-central India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin. Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland north of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, it is also synonymous with the former state of Madhya Bharat which was later merged with Madhya Pradesh. At present the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. Sometimes the definition of Malwa is extended to include the Nimar region south of the Vindhyas.
Mandu or Mandavgad is an ancient city in the present-day Mandav area of the Dhar district. It is located in the Malwa and Nimar region of western Madhya Pradesh, India, at 35 km from Dhar city. In the 11th century, Mandu was the sub division of the Tarangagadh or Taranga kingdom. This fortress town on a rocky outcrop about 100 km (62 mi) from Indore is celebrated for its architecture.
Sawai Jai Singh II, was the 29th Kachwaha Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Amber, who later founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital. He became the ruler of Amber at the age of 11, after the death of his father, Mirza Raja Bishan Singh, on 31 December 1699.
Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah, born Bahadur Khan was a sultan of the Muzaffarid dynasty who reigned over the Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval kingdom in India from 1526 to 1535 and again from 1536 to 1537. He ascended to the throne after competing with his brothers. He expanded his kingdom and made expeditions to help neighbouring kingdoms. In 1532, Gujarat came under attack of the Mughal Emperor Humayun and fell. Bahadur Shah regained the kingdom in 1536 but he was killed by the Portuguese on board a ship when making a deal with them.
The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri.
Bayezid Baz Bahadur Khan was the last Sultan of Malwa Sultanate, who reigned from 1555 to 1562. He succeeded his father, Shuja'at Khan. He is known for his romantic liaison with Roopmati.
Gwalior state was a semi-autonomous Maratha state. It was centred in modern-day Madhya Pradesh, arising due to the rise of the Maratha Empire and fragmentation of the Mughal Empire.
A Subah was the term for a province (state) in the Mughal Empire. The term was also used by other polities of the Indian subcontinent. The word is derived from Arabic and Persian. The governor/ruler of a Subah was known as a subahdar, which later became subedar to refer to an officer in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army. The subahs were established by badshah (emperor) Akbar during his administrative reforms of the years 1572–1580; initially, they numbered 12, but his conquests expanded the number of subahs to 15 by the end of his reign. Subahs were divided into Sarkars, or districts. Sarkars were further divided into Parganas or Mahals. His successors, most notably Aurangzeb, expanded the number of subahs further through their conquests. As the empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many subahs became effectively independent or were conquered by the Marathas or the British.
The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom in the Malwa region, covering the present day Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Rajasthan from 1401 to 1562. It was founded by Dilawar Khan, who following Timur's invasion and the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1401, made Malwa an independent realm.
The Gujarat Sultanate or Sultanate of Guzerat was a late medieval Indian kingdom in Western India, primarily in the present-day state of Gujarat. The kingdom was established in 1394 when Muzaffar Shah I, the Governor of Gujarat, declared independence from the Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi.
The Kingdom of Amber, also known as Kingdom of Dhundhar, and Jaipur State, was located in the north-eastern historic Dhundhar region of Rajputana and was ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan. It was established by Dulha Rai, possibly the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty of Gwalior who migrated to Dausa and started his kingdom there with the support of Chahamanas of Shakambhari in the 12th century. Mostly through 12th to 15th century, the kingdom faced stagnation, sources were scarce. Under its ruler, Raja Chandrasen of Amber became a Sisodia vassal and fought in the Battle of Khanwa under Raja Prithviraj Kachhwaha.
The Farooqi dynasty or the Farooq Shahi was the ruling dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate from its inception in 1382 till its annexation by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1601. The founder of the dynasty, Malik Ahmad participated in a rebellion against the Bahmani ruler Muhmmad Shah I in his early years. When he was compelled to flee from Deccan, he established in Thalner on the Tapti River. After receiving the grant of the fiefdoms of Thalner and Karanda from Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1370, he conquered the region around Thalner, which later became known as Khandesh. By 1382, he started ruling independently.
The Berar Subah was one of the Subahs of the Mughal Empire, the first to be added to the original twelve, in Dakhin from 1596 to 1724. It bordered Golconda, Ahmandagar, Kandesh and Malwa subahs as well as the independent and tributary chiefdoms to the east.
The Bengal Subah, also referred to as Mughal Bengal, was the largest subdivision of the Mughal Empire encompassing much of the Bengal region, which includes modern-day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and some parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha between the 16th and 18th centuries. The state was established following the dissolution of the Bengal Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world, when the region was absorbed into the Mughal Empire. Bengal was the wealthiest region in the Indian subcontinent.
Kampel is a panchayat village in the Indore block of the Indore district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was the headquarters of a pargana in Mughal Empire before the administrative center of the region was shifted to Indore city under the Holkars of the Maratha Empire.
Rao Nandlal Chaudhary was the chief of the Zamindars of Kampel, near Indore. He was a Gaur Brahmin. Under the suzerainty of the Mughals, he controlled Kampel and some of its surrounding area including Indore. He accepted the suzerainty of the Marathas, after the Nizam acceded to the Peshwa's demands in 1724.
The Mughal conquest of Malwa was a military campaign launched by the Mughal Empire in 1560 during the reign of Akbar against the Sultanate of Malwa, which had broken free from Mughal rule during the rebellion of Sher Shah Suri from the emperor Humayun. Thus, Akbar had a claim to the province. Baz Bahadur had been the governor of Malwa in the Sur Empire but broke away after the death of Sher Shah.
Rajahmundry Circar or Rajahmundry Sarkar was one of the five Northern Circars in the Golconda Sultanate, Deccan subah of Mughal empire and later in the Nizam's dominion of Hyderabad. The Northern Circars were the most prominent ones in the Deccan subah. Eastern Ghats near Pentakota village were considered the northern limit of the Rajahmundry Circar while the southern limit was demarcated by the Godavari river.
Mir Bahadur Dil, known by the title Jan Sipar Khan, was a noble of the Mughal Empire. He was active during the reign of emperor Aurangzeb, and held offices in the Deccan region of the empire. His most notable position was in the Mughal province of Hyderabad Subah, where he served as its first permanent subahdar (governor) for twelve years, dying in office.