Maneless lion

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Maneless male lion from Tsavo East National Park, Kenya, East Africa Maneless lion from Tsavo East National Park.png
Maneless male lion from Tsavo East National Park, Kenya, East Africa

The term "maneless lion" or "scanty mane lion" often refers to a male lion without a mane, or with a weak one. [1] [2]

Contents

The purpose of the mane is thought to signal the fitness of males to females. Experts disagree as to whether or not the mane defends the male lion's throat in confrontations. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Although lions are known for their mane, not all males have one. [2] This might be because of a polymorphism within males. [7]

Modern lions

In Eurasia

Men with a restrained lion in Iran, notice the lack of its mane, although it might be a young or a female lion. Antoin Sevruguin 7 Men with live lion.jpg
Men with a restrained lion in Iran, notice the lack of its mane, although it might be a young or a female lion.

The Asiatic lion is often considered to have a weak mane compared to its cousins in Africa, due to the hot climate in Asia, [9] but this does not always apply. The manes of most lions in ancient Greece and Asia Minor were also less developed and did not extend to below the belly, sides or ulnas. Lions that occurred in Mesopotamia had hair on the underbelly, unlike modern lions in the wilderness of India, [10] and also, a relief from Nineveh in the Mesopotamian Plain shows a lion with underbelly hair. Lions with such smaller manes were also known in the Syrian region, Arabian Peninsula and Egypt, [11] while in Gir Forest of India, cases of maneless lions are rarely reported.

In Iran there are often pictures of stone reliefs with Asiatic lions without a mane.

Lions with such smaller manes were also known in the Syrian region and Arabian peninsula. [12] [13]

In Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa, lions with weak manes were reported in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda.

Tsavo is a region of Kenya located at the crossing of the Uganda Railway over the Tsavo River, close to where it meets the Athi-Galana-Sabaki River. Tsavo male lions generally do not have a mane, though colouration and thickness vary. There are several hypotheses as to the reasons. One is that mane development is closely tied to climate because its presence significantly reduces heat loss. [14] An alternative explanation is that manelessness is an adaptation to the thorny vegetation of the Tsavo area in which a mane might hinder hunting. Tsavo males may have heightened levels of testosterone, which could also explain their reputation for aggression. [14]

West African lions are often seen with weak manes or none. [15] [16]

Lions in Ancient Egyptian art are usually depicted without a mane, but with a ruff around the neck. [17] The reason for this is not known. [1] [18]

Cave lions

Upper Paleolithic cave painting in the Chauvet Cave, France Lions painting, Chauvet Cave (museum replica).jpg
Upper Paleolithic cave painting in the Chauvet Cave, France

Paleolithic European cave paintings depict all cave lions (which are a distinct species most closely related to the modern lion) without manes, even if they display clear male characteristics such as the presence of a scrotum, suggesting that manes were absent in this species. [18] [20] [21]

See also

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References

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