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Nanoarchaeota is a proposed phylum in the domain Archaea that currently has only one representative, Nanoarchaeum equitans, which was discovered in a submarine hydrothermal vent and first described in 2002.
Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella, which is found in humans and other animals.
The Thermoproteota are prokaryotes that have been classified as a phylum of the Archaea domain. Initially, the Thermoproteota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic Thermoproteota environmental rRNA indicating the organisms may be the most abundant archaea in the marine environment. Originally, they were separated from the other archaea based on rRNA sequences; other physiological features, such as lack of histones, have supported this division, although some crenarchaea were found to have histones. Until recently all cultured Thermoproteota had been thermophilic or hyperthermophilic organisms, some of which have the ability to grow at up to 113°C. These organisms stain Gram negative and are morphologically diverse, having rod, cocci, filamentous and oddly-shaped cells.
The Pasteurellaceae comprise a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. Most members live as commensals on mucosal surfaces of birds and mammals, especially in the upper respiratory tract. Pasteurellaceae are typically rod-shaped, and are a notable group of facultative anaerobes. Their biochemical characteristics can be distinguished from the related Enterobacteriaceae by the presence of oxidase, and from most other similar bacteria by the absence of flagella.
In taxonomy, Ruegeria is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae. This genus was formerly known as the marine Agrobacterium before they were reclassified in 1998. It bears in fact the name of Hans-Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his contribution to the taxonomy of marine species of Agrobacterium.
The indole test is a biochemical test performed on bacterial species to determine the ability of the organism to convert tryptophan into indole. This division is performed by a chain of a number of different intracellular enzymes, a system generally referred to as "tryptophanase."
Geobacillus stearothermophilus is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the phylum Bacillota. The bacterium is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30 to 75 °C. Some strains are capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide aerobically. It is commonly used as a challenge organism for sterilization validation studies and periodic check of sterilization cycles. The biological indicator contains spores of the organism on filter paper inside a vial. After sterilizing, the cap is closed, an ampule of growth medium inside of the vial is crushed and the whole vial is incubated. A color and/or turbidity change indicates the results of the sterilization process; no change indicates that the sterilization conditions were achieved, otherwise the growth of the spores indicates that the sterilization process has not been met. Recently a fluorescent-tagged strain, Rapid Readout(tm), is being used for verifying sterilization, since the visible blue fluorescence appears in about one-tenth the time needed for pH-indicator color change, and an inexpensive light sensor can detect the growing colonies.
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. Strains of the species are currently classified into five serogroups based on capsular composition and 16 somatic serovars (1–16). P. multocida is the cause of a range of diseases in mammals and birds, including fowl cholera in poultry, atrophic rhinitis in pigs, and bovine hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. It can also cause a zoonotic infection in humans, which typically is a result of bites or scratches from domestic pets. Many mammals and birds harbor it as part of their normal respiratory microbiota.
Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes share a pairwise sequence identity of ~75% or less with those of the members of other bacterial phyla.
Mannheimia virus PHL101 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus Baylorvirus.
Pasteurella canis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. Bacteria from this family cause zoonotic infections in humans, which manifest themselves as skin or soft-tissue infections after an animal bite. It has been known to cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients.
Mannheimia varigena is a bacterial species, predominantly encountered in ruminants and historically classified within the former bacterial Pasteurella haemolytica complex, a group of bacteria involved in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). It is pathogenic.
Actinobacillus rossii is a bacterium. It was first isolated from the vaginas of postparturient sows.
Actinobacillus seminis is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with epididymitis of sheep.
Pasteurella lymphangitidis is a bacterium; it causes bovine lymphangitis. Its reclassification to Yersinia has been proposed, given it poses a 99% sequence similarity to both Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis.
Pasteurella mairii is a Gram-negative bacterium. It causes abortion in sows.
Peptoclostridium acidaminophilum is a Gram-positive bacterium species in the family Peptostreptococcaceae, notable for being an amino acid-degrading obligate anaerobe producing or utilizing H2 or formate. It is rod-shaped and motile by a polar to subpolar flagellum. Its type strain is al-2. It produces several relevant enzymes.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle in the world. It is a complex, bacterial or viral infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. The infection is usually a sum of three codependent factors: stress, an underlying viral infection, and a new bacterial infection. The diagnosis of the disease is complex since there are multiple possible causes.
Neomegalonema is a genus of bacteria. Up to now there is only one species of this genus known.
Bibersteinia is a Gram-negative and non-motile, genus of bacteria from the family of Pasteurellaceae with one known species. Bibersteinia is named after Ernst L. Biberstein. Bibersteinia trehalosi is a pathogen of sheep and can cause systemic infections in sheep.
References
- ↑ Angen, O.; Mutters, R.; Caugant, D. A.; Olsen, J. E.; Bisgaard, M. (1999). "Taxonomic relationships of the [Pasteurella] haemolytica complex as evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridizations and 16S rRNA sequencing with proposal of Mannheimia haemolytica gen. nov., comb, nov., Mannheimia granulomatis comb. nov., Mannheimia glucosida sp. nov., Mannheimia ruminalis sp. nov. and Mannheimia varigena sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (1): 67–86. doi: 10.1099/00207713-49-1-67 . ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 10028248.
- ↑ Poulsen, Louise L; Reinert, Turið M; Sand, Rikke L; Bisgaard, Magne; Christensen, Henrik; Olsen, John E; Stuen, Snorre; Bojesen, Anders M (2006). "Occurrence of haemolytic Mannheimia spp. in apparently healthy sheep in Norway". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 48 (1): 19. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-48-19 . ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 1949873 . PMID 17076903.
