March 1973 Argentine general election

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March 1973 Argentine general election
Flag of Argentina.svg
Presidential election
  1963 11 March 1973 September 1973  
 
Hector Jose Campora (1973) - 2.jpg
Ricardobalbin1.jpg
Nominee Héctor Cámpora Ricardo Balbín
Party Justicialist Party Radical Civic Union
Alliance Justicialist Liberation Front
Running mate Vicente Solano Lima Eduardo Gamond
States carried23 + City of Buenos Aires 0
Popular vote5,899,6422,535,581
Percentage49.53%21.29%

 
Francisco Manrique.png
Oscar Alende.png
Nominee Francisco Manrique Oscar Alende
Party Federal Party Popular Revolutionary Alliance
Alliance Federalist Popular Alliance
Running mateRafael Martínez RaymondaHoracio Sueldo
States carried00
Popular vote1,775,767885,274
Percentage14.91%7.43%

Elecciones presidenciales de Argentina de 1973, marzo.png
Most voted party by province.

President before election

Alejandro Lanusse
none (de facto regime)

Elected President

Héctor Cámpora
Justicialist Party

Legislative election
  1965 11 March 1973 (first round)
15 April 1973 (second round)
1983  

243 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
69 seats in the Senate
Turnout85.55%
Party%Seats
Chamber of Deputies
Justicialist Liberation Front 49.11%146
Radical Civic Union 20.33%51
Federalist Popular Alliance 11.51%20
Popular Revolutionary Alliance 6.67%12
Federal Republican Alliance 3.50%10
Others 8.88%4
Senate
Justicialist Liberation Front  %45
Radical Civic Union  %12
Federalist Popular Alliance  %5
Federal Republican Alliance  %4
Others  %3
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Elecciones legislativas de Argentina de 1973 - Resultados por distrito.svg
Chamber of Deputies results by province

The first Argentine general election of 1973 was held on 11 March. Voters chose both the President and their legislators.

Contents

Background

UCR leader Ricardo Balbin and Juan Peron, who again, in exile, became the central issue of the 1973 campaign. Peron - Balbin.jpg
UCR leader Ricardo Balbín and Juan Perón, who again, in exile, became the central issue of the 1973 campaign.

The 1966 coup d'état against the moderate President Arturo Illia was carried out largely as a reaction to Illia's decision to honor local and legislative elections in which Peronists, officially banned from political activity following the violent overthrow of President Juan Perón in 1955, did well. Five years later, however, President Alejandro Lanusse found himself heading an unpopular junta, saddled by increasing political violence and an economic wind-down from the prosperous 1960s. Seizing the initiative, he gathered leaders from across the nation's political and intellectual spectrum for a July 1971 asado , a time-honored Argentine custom as much about camaraderie as about steak.

The result was Lanusse's "Great National Agreement," a road map to the return to democratic rule, including Peronists (the first such concession the military had made since Perón's 1955 exile). The agreement, however, bore little resemblance to what had been discussed and, instead, proposed virtual veto power for the armed forces over most future domestic and foreign policy. This patently unacceptable condition led most political figures to dismiss the much-touted event as the "Great National Asado," instead.

A year later, President Lanusse made the much-anticipated announcement: elections would be held, nationally, on March 11, 1973. Retaliating for Perón's unequivocal rejection of the 1971 accords, Lanusse limited the field of candidates to those residing in Argentina as of August 25, 1972 - a clear denial of the aging Perón the right to run on his own party's ticket (the likely winners). Perón did return to Argentina, however, on November 17, when, during a month-long stay, he secured the endorsement of prominent figures such as former President Arturo Frondizi of the Integration and Development Movement, Jorge Abelardo Ramos of the Popular Leftist Front (FIP), Popular Conservative Alberto Fonrouge, Christian Democrat Carlos Imbaud, and other, mainly provincial parties. These diverse parties signed on to an umbrella ticket, led by the Justicialist Party and Perón's personal representative in Argentina, Héctor Cámpora. Partly in recognition for their support and to provide a counter-weight to the left-leaning Cámpora, Perón had the Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI) nominate for Vice President Popular Conservative leader Vicente Solano Lima, a newspaper publisher respected across most of Argentina's vastly diverse political spectrum.

Given little time to campaign by the calculating Lanusse (who fielded his own candidate, Brigadier General Ezequiel Martínez, for his ad hoc Federal Republican Alliance), the nation's myriad parties jockeyed for alliances and rushed to name candidates. The main opposition, the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR), put forth their 1958 nominee, former Congressman Ricardo Balbín (head of the party's more conservative wing). Hoping to carry the mantle of those supporting Lanusse, Social Policy Minister Francisco Manrique ran on the Federalist ticket and Américo Ghioldi, who had led a split in the Socialist Party in 1958, ran on his Democratic Socialist slate - refusing (as the traditional Socialists had done) to endorse the Popular Revolutionary Alliance headed by former Governor Oscar Alende (the runner-up in the 1963 election).

The March 11 polls went smoothly and the FREJULI, which needed 50% of the total to avoid a runoff as per Lanusse's agreement, garnered 49.53%. Realizing that the FREJULI was only less than 0,5% short of the agreed threshold, plus having a 28% margin over the runners-up (the UCR), the seasoned Balbín to petition President Lanusse for a waiver of the rule, something he granted, making the FREJULI alliance the winners of the March 11, 1973, election and paving the way for the definitive return of Juan Perón, whom Lanusse, many years later, would admit to being his "life's obsession." [1]

Candidates

Results

President

Presidential
candidate
Vice Presidential
candidate
PartyVotes%
Héctor José Cámpora Vicente Solano Lima Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI)5,899,64249.53
Ricardo Balbín Eduardo Gamond Radical Civic Union (UCR)2,535,58121.29
Francisco Manrique Rafael Martínez Raymonda Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)1,775,76714.91
Oscar Alende Horacio Sueldo Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APR)885,2747.43
Ezequiel Martínez Leopoldo Bravo Federal Republican Alliance (ARF)347,2622.92
Julio ChamizoRaúl OndartsNew Force (NF)235,1881.97
Américo Ghioldi René Balestra Democratic Socialist Party (PSD)109,0680.92
Juan Carlos Coral Nora Ciapponi Worker's Socialist Party (PST)73,7990.62
Jorge Abelardo RamosJosé Silvetti Popular Left Front (FIP)48,5710.41
Total11,910,152100
Positive votes11,910,15297.30
Blank votes279,8552.29
Invalid votes50,9050.42
Total votes12,240,912100
Registered voters/turnout14,256,99185.86
Source: [2]

Chamber of Deputies

PartyVotes %Seats
Total Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI)5,864,68349.11146
Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI)4,637,23238.83110
Integration and Development Movement (MID)670,1835.6115
Justicialist Party (PJ)529,4874.4320
Renewal Crusade 27,7810.231
Radical Civic Union (UCR)2,427,13020.3351
Total Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)1,374,50411.5120
Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)964,4038.0814
Democratic Progressive Party (PDP)144,0781.21
Popular Union (UP)114,1940.96
Federal Vanguard70,7060.592
Jujuy Popular Movement (MPJ)32,3760.271
La Pampa Federalist Movement (MOFEPA)32,1860.272
Catamarca Popular Movement 16,5610.141
Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APR)796,7056.6712
Total Federal Republican Alliance (ARF)418,2743.5010
Federal Republican Alliance (ARF)115,2380.97
Democratic Party of Mendoza (PD)104,3120.872
Liberal - Autonomist Pact93,9580.793
Blockist Party (PB)70,8010.593
Río Negro Provincial Party (PPR)19,5550.161
Provincial Popular Movement14,4100.121
Salta People's Movement30,8910.261
Neuquén People's Movement (MPN)28,8980.242
Chubut Action Party (PACh)11,9760.101
Others988,3228.28
Total11,941,383100243
Positive votes11,941,38397.60
Blank votes260,8302.13
Invalid votes33,0230.27
Total votes12,235,236100
Registered voters/turnout14,302,49785.55
Source: [3]

Senate

PartyFirst roundSecond roundTotal seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Total Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI)172845
Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI)112132
Integration and Development Movement (MID)33
Justicialist Party (PJ)6410
Renewal Crusade
Radical Civic Union (UCR)4812
Total Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)325
Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)11
Democratic Progressive Party (PDP)
Popular Union (UP)
Federal Vanguard11
Jujuy Popular Movement (MPJ)11
La Pampa Federalist Movement (MOFEPA)11
Catamarca Popular Movement 11
Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APR)
Total Federal Republican Alliance (ARF)44
Federal Republican Alliance (ARF)
Democratic Party of Mendoza (PD)11
Liberal - Autonomist Pact11
Blockist Party (PB)11
Río Negro Provincial Party (PPR)
Provincial Popular Movement11
Salta People's Movement11
Neuquén People's Movement (MPN)22
Chubut Action Party (PACh)
Others
Total274269
Positive votes
Blank votes
Invalid votes
Total votes100100
Registered voters/turnout

Provincial Governors

Election of Provincial Governors
Elected: 22 provincial governors
ProvinceElectedPartyMap
Buenos Aires Oscar Bidegain Justicialist Liberation Front Elecciones provinciales de Argentina de 1973.png
Catamarca Hugo Alberto Mott Justicialist Liberation Front
Chaco Deolindo Bittel Justicialist Liberation Front
Chubut Benito Fernández Justicialist Liberation Front
Córdoba Ricardo Obregón Cano Justicialist Liberation Front
Corrientes Julio Romero Justicialist Liberation Front
Entre Ríos Enrique Tomás Cresto Justicialist Liberation Front
Formosa Antenor Argentino Gauna Justicialist Liberation Front
Jujuy Carlos Snopek Justicialist Liberation Front
La Pampa Aquiles José Regazzoli Justicialist Liberation Front
La Rioja Carlos Menem Justicialist Liberation Front
Mendoza Alberto Martínez Baca Justicialist Liberation Front
Misiones Juan Manuel Irrazábal Justicialist Liberation Front
Neuquén Felipe Sapag Neuquén People's Movement
Río Negro Mario José Franco Justicialist Liberation Front
Salta Miguel Ragone Justicialist Liberation Front
San Juan Eloy Camus Justicialist Liberation Front
San Luis Elías Adre Justicialist Liberation Front
Santa Cruz Jorge Cepernic Justicialist Liberation Front
Santa Fe Carlos Sylvestre Begnis Integration and Development Movement
Santiago del Estero Carlos Juárez Justicialist Liberation Front
Tucumán Amado Juri Justicialist Liberation Front

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References

  1. Clarín. 11 March 1993.
  2. Elecciones (PDF). Estudios e Investigaciones Nº7. Vol. I. Dirección de Información Parlamentaria del Congreso de la Nación. April 1993. p. 227. ISBN   950-685-009-7.
  3. Elecciones (PDF). Estudios e Investigaciones Nº7. Vol. I. Dirección de Información Parlamentaria del Congreso de la Nación. April 1993. p. 229.