Margaret A. Tolbert

Last updated
Margaret A. Tolbert
Alma mater California Institute of Technology
University of California
Grinnell College
Known for Atmospheric chemistry
Spouse Owen Toon
Awards Guggenheim Fellowship
Fellow of the American Geophysical Union
Member of the National Academy of Sciences
NASA Group Achievement Award
Newcomb Cleveland Prize
Scientific career
Institutions University of Colorado Boulder
Thesis Mechanisms and Energetics of Alkane Activation by Transition Metal Ions in the Gas Phase  (1986)
Doctoral advisor Jesse L. Beauchamp
Website https://cires.colorado.edu/research-groups/margaret-tolbert-group

Margaret A. Tolbert is an American atmospheric chemist, specializing in polar stratospheric clouds.

Contents

Early life and education

Margaret Tolbert grew up in Boulder, Colorado. [1] She is the daughter of Bert Mills Tolbert, a chemistry professor at University of Colorado Boulder, and sister of Elizabeth Tolbert, Caroline Tolbert, and Sarah Tolbert. [2]

Tolbert received a bachelor degree from Grinnell College in 1979 and a master degree in chemistry from University of California in 1985. [3] [4] She received a PhD in chemistry from University of Colorado Boulder in 1986, under the direction of Jesse L. Beauchamp. [5] She completed post-doctoral research at Stanford Research Institute under the direction of David M. Golden. [6] [7]

Career

Tolbert conducted research at Stanford Research Institute before joining the faculty of University of Colorado Boulder in 1991, teaching environmental chemistry courses to nonscience majors from 1992 to 2006. [8] She was awarded Distinguished Professor in 2010. [4] She is a Fellow and Associate Director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, a joint venture between University of Colorado Boulder and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [9]

Her research focuses on study of atmospheric chemistry, in particular polar stratospheric clouds [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] and planetary atmospheres. [16] [17] [18] She co-authored the book "Stratospheric Ozone Depletion" with Ann M. Middlebrook. [19] She was featured in the book "I Want to be an Environmentalist". [20]

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfate</span> Oxyanion with a central atom of sulfur surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms

The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO2−4. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Global dimming</span> Reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching Earths surface

Global dimming is a decline in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface, a measure also known as global direct solar irradiance. It was observed soon after the first systematic measurements of solar irradiance began in the 1950s, and this weakening of visible sunlight proceeded at the rate of 4–5% per decade until 1980s. Yet, solar activity did not vary more than the usual during this period. Instead, global dimming was due to an increase in atmospheric particulate matter, predominantly sulfate aerosols, as the result of rapidly growing air pollution due to post-war industrialization. Since the 1980s, a decrease in air pollution has led to a partial reversal of the dimming trend, sometimes referred to as global brightening. The reversal of dimming is not complete and varies worldwide. Brightening in developed countries during the 1980s and 1990s was offset by increased dimming in developing countries and by the expansion of the global shipping industry. During 2010s, air pollution mitigation in developing countries has also improved rapidly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cloud condensation nuclei</span> Small particles on which water vapor condenses

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs), also known as cloud seeds, are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or one hundredth the size of a cloud droplet. CCNs are a unique subset of aerosols in the atmosphere on which water vapour condenses. This can affect the radiative properties of clouds and the overall atmosphere. Water vapour requires a non-gaseous surface to make the transition to a liquid; this process is called condensation.

Melissa G. Trainer is an American astrobiologist who in 2004 demonstrated empirically that life could have formed on Earth through the interaction of methane, carbon dioxide and ultraviolet light (sunlight). She is Assistant Chief for Science, Operations, and Strategic Planning in the Planetary Environments Laboratory at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine cloud brightening</span> Proposed cloud-seeding technique

Marine cloud brightening also known as marine cloud seeding and marine cloud engineering is a proposed solar radiation management climate engineering technique that would make clouds brighter, reflecting a small fraction of incoming sunlight back into space in order to offset anthropogenic global warming. Along with stratospheric aerosol injection, it is one of the two solar radiation management methods that may most feasibly have a substantial climate impact. The intention is that increasing the Earth's albedo, in combination with greenhouse gas emissions reduction, carbon dioxide removal, and adaptation, would reduce climate change and its risks to people and the environment. If implemented, the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly and to be reversible on fairly short time scales. However, technical barriers remain to large-scale marine cloud brightening. There are also risks with such modification of complex climate systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stratospheric aerosol injection</span> Putting particles in the stratosphere to reflect sunlight to limit global heating

Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed method of solar geoengineering to reduce global warming. This would introduce aerosols into the stratosphere to create a cooling effect via global dimming and increased albedo, which occurs naturally from volcanic winter. It appears that stratospheric aerosol injection, at a moderate intensity, could counter most changes to temperature and precipitation, take effect rapidly, have low direct implementation costs, and be reversible in its direct climatic effects. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes that it "is the most-researched [solar geoengineering] methodagreement that it could limit warming to below 1.5 °C (2.7 °F)." However, like other solar geoengineering approaches, stratospheric aerosol injection would do so imperfectly and other effects are possible, particularly if used in a suboptimal manner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Owen Toon</span> American academic

Owen Brian Toon is an American professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences. He is a fellow at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado Boulder. He received an A.B. in physics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1969 and a Ph.D. in physics at Cornell University in 1975 under Carl Sagan. His research interests are in cloud physics, atmospheric chemistry, and radiative transfer. He also works on comparing Earth and other planets such as Venus.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julia Schmale</span> German atmospheric chemist

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Cora Einterz Randall is an atmospheric scientist known for her research on particles in the atmosphere, particularly in polar regions.

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References

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  2. "Bert Tolbert Obituary (1921 - 2021) - Boulder, CO - The Daily Camera". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  3. 1 2 "Margaret Tolbert '79, Doctor of Science". Grinnell College. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  4. 1 2 jon (2010-09-21). "Three faculty members earn Distinguished Professor title". CU Connections. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  5. Tolbert, Margaret A. (1986). Mechanisms and Energetics of Alkane Activation by Transition Metal Ions in the Gas Phase (phd thesis). California Institute of Technology.
  6. Tolbert, Margaret A.; Rossi, Michel J.; Malhotra, Ripudaman; Golden, David M. (1987-11-27). "Reaction of Chlorine Nitrate with Hydrogen Chloride and Water at Antarctic Stratospheric Temperatures". Science. 238 (4831): 1258–1260. Bibcode:1987Sci...238.1258T. doi:10.1126/science.238.4831.1258. ISSN   0036-8075.
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  10. Tolbert, Margaret A.; Koehler, Birgit G.; Middlebrook, Ann M. (1992). "Spectroscopic studies of model polar stratospheric cloud films". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy. 48 (9): 1303–1313. Bibcode:1992AcSpA..48.1303T. doi:10.1016/0584-8539(92)80267-Z.
  11. Tolbert, Margaret A. (1994-04-22). "Sulfate Aerosols and Polar Stratospheric Cloud Formation". Science. 264 (5158): 527–528. Bibcode:1994Sci...264..527T. doi:10.1126/science.264.5158.527. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   17732734.
  12. Toon, Owen B.; Tolbert, Margaret A. (1995). "Spectroscopic evidence against nitric acid trihydrate in polar stratospheric clouds". Nature. 375 (6528): 218–221. Bibcode:1995Natur.375..218T. doi:10.1038/375218a0. hdl: 2060/19970004394 . ISSN   0028-0836.
  13. Tolbert, Margaret A. (1996-06-14). "Polar Clouds and Sulfate Aerosols". Science. 272 (5268): 1597. Bibcode:1996Sci...272.1597T. doi:10.1126/science.272.5268.1597. ISSN   0036-8075.
  14. Zondlo, Mark A.; Hudson, Paula K.; Prenni, Anthony J.; Tolbert, Margaret A. (2000). "Chemistry and Microphysics of Polar Stratospheric Clouds and Cirrus Clouds". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 51 (1): 473–499. Bibcode:2000ARPC...51..473Z. doi:10.1146/annurev.physchem.51.1.473. ISSN   0066-426X. PMID   11031290.
  15. Prenni, Anthony J.; Tolbert, Margaret A. (2001-07-01). "Studies of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Formation". Accounts of Chemical Research. 34 (7): 545–553. doi:10.1021/ar950186k. ISSN   0001-4842. PMID   11456472.
  16. Trainer, Melissa G.; Pavlov, Alexander A.; DeWitt, H. Langley; Jimenez, Jose L.; McKay, Christopher P.; Toon, Owen B.; Tolbert, Margaret A. (2006). "Organic haze on Titan and the early Earth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (48): 18035–18042. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608561103 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   1838702 . PMID   17101962.
  17. Trainer, Melissa G.; Tolbert, Margaret A.; McKay, Christopher P.; Toon, Owen B. (2010). "Limits on the trapping of atmospheric CH4 in martian polar ice analogs". Icarus. 208 (1): 192–197. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.006.
  18. Hörst, S. M.; Tolbert, M. A (2014-01-07). "The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Planetary Haze Formation". The Astrophysical Journal. 781 (1): 53. arXiv: 1312.5651 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...781...53H. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/53 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  19. Middlebrook, Ann M.; Tolbert, Margaret A. (2000). Stratospheric ozone depletion. Global change instruction program. Sausalito, Calif: Univ. Science Books. ISBN   978-1-891389-10-8.
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  29. Solomon, Susan; Tolbert, Margaret (1994-02-22). "Tolbert receives Macelwane medal". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 75 (8): 85–86. doi:10.1029/94EO00805. ISSN   0096-3941.
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