An unusual feature of its syntax was that expressions were constructed using the conventional infix operators, but all of them had the same precedence and evaluation went from left to right unless there were brackets. Assignment had the destination on the right and assignment was considered just another operator.
Similar to C, several language features appear to have existed to allow producing reasonably well optimised code, despite a quite primitive code generator in the compiler. These included operators similar to the +=et alter in C and explicit registerdeclarations for variables.
Notable features:
Dataflow syntax – values flow from left to right, including assignment
Most constructs could be used in expressions: blocks, IF, CASE, etc.
Text-based recursive macros
Overloaded user-defined operators, not constrained to predefined identifiers as in C++
Automatic building and dereferencing of pointers from type context
Scalar range types
Array and set enumeration in loop iterators
Dynamic array descriptors (ROW)
A book describing Mary was printed in 1974 (Fourth and last edition in 1979): Mary Textbook by Reidar Conradi & Per Holager.
Compilers were made for Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk's SM-4 and Norsk Data Nord-10/ND-100 mini-computers. The original Mary compiler was written in NU ALGOL, ran on the Univac-1100 series and was used to bootstrap a native compiler for ND-100/Sintran-III. RUNIT implemented a CHILL compiler written in Mary which ran on ND-100 and had Intel 8086 and 80286 targets. When this compiler was ported to the VAX platform, a common backend for Mary and CHILL was implemented. Later, backends for i386 and SPARC were available. Since the Mary compiler was implemented in Mary, it was possible to run the compiler on all these platforms.
Mary is no longer maintained.
Example
BEGIN INT i:= 10; %% Variable with initial value. REF INT ri:= i; %% Pointer initialized to point to i. INT j:= 11; j:- REF INT =: ri; %% Type conversion and assignment %% ri now points to j. i =: (ri:- VAL REF INT); %% Assignment and type conversion %% ri points to j so j is changed. IF j > 10 %% Conditional statement with result THEN %% used inside an arithmetic expression. 1 ELSE 2 FI + j =: j; END
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In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object that stores the memory address of another value located in computer memory. A pointer references a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as dereferencing the pointer. As an analogy, a page number in a book's index could be considered a pointer to the corresponding page; dereferencing such a pointer would be done by flipping to the page with the given page number and reading the text found on that page. The actual format and content of a pointer variable is dependent on the underlying computer architecture.
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S-algol is a computer programming language derivative of ALGOL 60 developed at the University of St Andrews in 1979 by Ron Morrison and Tony Davie. The language is a modification of ALGOL to contain orthogonal data types that Morrison created for his PhD thesis. Morrison would go on to become professor at the university and head of the department of computer science. The S-algol language was used for teaching at the university at an undergraduate level until 1999. It was also the language taught for several years in the 1980s at a local school in St. Andrews, Madras College. The computer science text Recursive Descent Compiling describes a recursive descent compiler for S-algol, implemented in S-algol.
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C++ doesn't have:
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