Mary Bucholtz | |
---|---|
Born | 29 October 1966 |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | UC Berkeley |
Academic work | |
Institutions | UC Santa Barbara |
Main interests | Sociocultural linguistics |
Notable works | Language and woman's place:text and commentaries |
Notable ideas | Tactics of intersubjectivity |
Website | http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/bucholtz/ |
Mary Bucholtz (born 29 October 1966) [1] is professor of linguistics at UC Santa Barbara. Bucholtz's work focuses largely on language use in the United States,and specifically on issues of language and youth;language,gender,and sexuality;African American English;and Mexican and Chicano Spanish.
Bucholtz received a B.A. in Classics from Grinnell College in 1990 and an M.A. and Ph.D. in linguistics from UC Berkeley in 1992 and 1997 under the supervision of Robin Lakoff. [2]
At UC Santa Barbara,where she has worked as an assistant professor (2002-2004),an associate professor (2004-2008) and a full professor (2008–present),Bucholtz is affiliated with several departments including the anthropology,the feminist studies,the Spanish and Portuguese,as well as the Gevirtz Graduate School of Education,the comparative literature program,and the Latin American and Iberian studies program. [3] She held academic positions at Stanford and Texas A&M before joining the faculty of UC-Santa Barbara.
Since 2011,she has also directed the Center for California Languages and Cultures within UC Santa Barbara's Institute for Social,Behavioral,and Economic Research. [4] Through her work at the Center for California Languages and Cultures,Bucholtz has been the director (2009-2017) and associate director (2017–present) of a community partnership program,School Kids Investigating Language in Life + Society (SKILLS),which provides linguistics research opportunities to students enrolled in Santa Barbara high schools. [5]
Bucholtz has been an editorial board member for several journals. She served as series editor for Studies in Language and Gender from 1998-2013,editor of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology from 2002-2004,and an editorial board member of Language in Society (2005-2012),Gender and Language (2005-2014),Journal of Sociolinguistics (2007-2011),American Anthropologist (2008-2012),and Text and Talk (2011-2014). She still serves as an editorial board member of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology [6] (from 1999-2001 and since 2005),Visual Communication [7] (since 2004),the International Journal on Research in Critical Discourse Analysis (since 2005),Language and Linguistics Compass [8] (since 2006),American Speech (since 2008),Research on Language and Social Interaction (since 2009),Pragmatics and Society [9] (since 2009),and Discourse,Context,and Media [10] (since 2011). She has also been an advisory board member for Gender and Language [11] since 2014.
From 2000-2001,Bucholtz was appointed as the chair of the Nominations Committee of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology. She was also elected to serve as an advisory council member and co-chair for the International Gender and Language Association from 2000-2004.
Bucholtz was recognized in 2014 by the Society for Linguistic Anthropology with the Award for Public Outreach and Community Service. [12]
In 2020,Bucholtz was inducted as a Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America. [13]
As a sociocultural linguist,Bucholtz has focused on researching how language is used in interactional contexts to create identity and culture and contribute to issues of social power. She is well known for her contributions to research on language and identity within sociocultural linguistics,and especially the tactics of intersubjectivity framework developed with Kira Hall. [14]
In the late 1990s,Bucholtz began ethnographic work on the ways adolescents and pre-adolescents construct identity. [15] Her research extended the work of Penelope Eckert,who identified three adolescent social categories (jocks,burnouts,and in-betweens) concerned with pursuing "coolness." From 1994-1996,Bucholtz studied another social category,"nerds," using a California high school in the San Francisco Bay Area as her field site. She initially presented her work on nerd girls at the 1997 International Conference on Language and Social Psychology. [16] Bucholtz positions the "nerd" as a separate and distinct community of practice set in opposition to the burnouts,jocks,and in-betweens:nerds purposely reject the burnouts',jocks',and in-betweens' pursuit of "coolness" and instead prioritize knowledge and individuality.
Bucholtz uses the concepts of positive identity practices (linguistic and social behaviors that confirm and reflect an intragroup identity) and negative identity practices (linguistic and social behaviors that distance individuals from other groups) to show how nerds construct their community of practice. [15] Her research suggests that the nerd identity is "hyperwhite", [17] [18] characterized linguistically by more infrequent use of valley girl speech and slang than other social categories;by a preference for Greco-Latinate over Germanic words;by the use of the discourse practice of punning;and by adherence to conventions of "super-standard English," or excessively formal English. [16] [15] [17] [18] Additionally,Bucholtz found that the speech of nerds often included consonant-cluster simplification,phonological reduction of unstressed vowels,careful and precise enunciation,and reading style speech (wherein nerds pronounce words more closely to how they're spelled). [18] She proposes that these linguistic practices and features are used to establish the nerds' intragroup identity marker of intelligence.
{{citation}}
: |editor-first2=
has generic name (help) Pdf. Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past century to encompass most aspects of language structure and use.
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice. Scholars working in the tradition of CDA generally argue that (non-linguistic) social practice and linguistic practice constitute one another and focus on investigating how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use. In this sense, it differs from discourse analysis in that it highlights issues of power asymmetries, manipulation, exploitation, and structural inequities in domains such as education, media, and politics.
A speech community is a group of people who share a set of linguistic norms and expectations regarding the use of language. It is a concept mostly associated with sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics.
Sociology of language is the study of the relations between language and society. It is closely related to the field of sociolinguistics, which focuses on the effect of society on language. One of its longest and most prolific practitioners was Joshua Fishman, who was founding editor of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language, in addition to other major contributions. The sociology of language studies society in relation to language, whereas sociolinguistics studies language in relation to society. For the former, society is the object of study, whereas, for the latter, language is the object of study. In other words, sociolinguistics studies language and how it varies based on the user's sociological background, such as gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class. On the other hand, sociology of language studies society and how it is impacted by language. As Trent University professor of global politics Andreas Pickel states, "religion and other symbolic systems strongly shaping social practices and shaping political orientations are examples of the social significance such languages can have." The basic idea is that language reflects, among several other things, attitudes that speakers want to exchange or that just get reflected through language use. These attitudes of the speakers are the sociologist's information.
Robin Tolmach Lakoff is a professor emerita of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. Her 1975 book Language and Woman's Place is often credited for making language and gender a major debate in linguistics and other disciplines.
Kira Hall is professor of Linguistics and Anthropology, as well as director for the Program in Culture, Language, and Social Practice (CLASP), at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Sociocultural linguistics is a term used to encompass a broad range of theories and methods for the study of language in its sociocultural context. Its growing use is a response to the increasingly narrow association of the term sociolinguistics with specific types of research involving the quantitative analysis of linguistic features and their correlation to sociological variables. The term as it is currently used not only clarifies this distinction, but highlights an awareness of the necessity for transdisciplinary approaches to language, culture and society.
Variation is a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing. Speakers may vary pronunciation (accent), word choice (lexicon), or morphology and syntax. But while the diversity of variation is great, there seem to be boundaries on variation – speakers do not generally make drastic alterations in sentence word order or use novel sounds that are completely foreign to the language being spoken. Linguistic variation does not equate with language ungrammaticality, but speakers are still sensitive to what is and is not possible in their native lect.
Research into the many possible relationships, intersections and tensions between language and gender is diverse. It crosses disciplinary boundaries, and, as a bare minimum, could be said to encompass work notionally housed within applied linguistics, linguistic anthropology, conversation analysis, cultural studies, feminist media studies, feminist psychology, gender studies, interactional sociolinguistics, linguistics, mediated stylistics, sociolinguistics, and feminist language reform and media studies.
LGBT linguistics is the study of language as used by members of LGBT communities. Related or synonymous terms include lavender linguistics, advanced by William Leap in the 1990s, which "encompass[es] a wide range of everyday language practices" in LGBT communities, and queer linguistics, which refers to the linguistic analysis concerning the effect of heteronormativity on expressing sexual identity through language. The former term derives from the longtime association of the color lavender with LGBT communities. "Language", in this context, may refer to any aspect of spoken or written linguistic practices, including speech patterns and pronunciation, use of certain vocabulary, and, in a few cases, an elaborate alternative lexicon such as Polari.
Interactional sociolinguistics is a subdiscipline of linguistics that uses discourse analysis to study how language users create meaning via social interaction. It is one of the ways in which linguists look at the intersections of human language and human society; other subfields that take this perspective are language planning, minority language studies, quantitative sociolinguistics, and sociohistorical linguistics, among others. Interactional sociolinguistics is a theoretical and methodological framework within the discipline of linguistic anthropology, which combines the methodology of linguistics with the cultural consideration of anthropology in order to understand how the use of language informs social and cultural interaction. Interactional sociolinguistics was founded by linguistic anthropologist John J. Gumperz. Topics that might benefit from an Interactional sociolinguistic analysis include: cross-cultural miscommunication, politeness, and framing.
Frances Jane Hassler Hill was an American anthropologist and linguist who worked extensively with Native American languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family and anthropological linguistics of North American communities.
Penelope "Penny" Eckert is Albert Ray Lang Professor Emerita of Linguistics at Stanford University. She specializes in variationist sociolinguistics and is the author of several scholarly works on language and gender. She served as the president of the Linguistic Society of America in 2018.
Norma Catalina Mendoza-Denton is a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, formerly of the University of Arizona. She specializes in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, including work in sociophonetics, language and identity, ethnography and visual anthropology.
Susan Gal is the Mae & Sidney G. Metzl Distinguished Service Professor of Anthropology, of Linguistics, and of Social Sciences at the University of Chicago She is the author or co-author of several books and numerous articles on linguistic anthropology, gender and politics, and the social history of Eastern Europe.
Barbara Johnstone is an American professor of rhetoric and linguistics at Carnegie Mellon University. She specializes in discourse structure and function, sociolinguistics, rhetorical theory, and methods of text analysis. She was the editor in chief of Language in Society from 2005 to 2013, and is the editor of Pittsburgh Speech & Society, a website about Pittsburgh English for non-linguists. She has published several books, including Speaking Pittsburghese (2013) and Discourse Analysis, 2nd Ed. (2008). She has also written for The New York Times.
Gender and Language is an international, peer-reviewed academic journal for language-based research on gender and sexuality from feminist, queer, and trans perspectives. Gender and Language is currently one of the few academic journals to which scholars interested in the intersection of these dimensions can turn, whether as contributors looking for an audience sharing this focus or as readers seeking a reliable source for current discussions in the field. The journal showcases research on the social analytics of gender in discourse domains that include institutions, media, politics and everyday interaction. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of .976, and a Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) of 0.76. The journal has a 2020 CiteScore of 1.2, an SRJ of 0.413. and a SNIP of 1.166
Susan Lynn Ehrlich is a Canadian linguist known for her work in both language and gender, language and the law, and the intersections between them. She studies language, gender and the law, with a focus on consent and coercion in rape trials.
Laura Miller is an American anthropologist and the Ei'ichi Shibusawa-Seigo Arai Endowed Professor of Japanese Studies and Professor of History at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. She held various academic positions and jobs in both the United States and Japan before accepting this named chair in 2010.
Lal Zimman is a linguist who works on sociocultural linguistics, sociophonetics, language, gender and identity, and transgender linguistics.
data sheet (b. 10-29-66)
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(help){{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(help)