Mason Science College

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Mason Science College
Mason Science College.png
United Kingdom England adm location map.svg
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General information
StatusDemolished
Architectural style Victorian Gothic
Address Edmund Street
Town or city Birmingham
Country England
Coordinates 52°28′48″N1°54′18″W / 52.4800°N 1.9051°W / 52.4800; -1.9051
Construction started23 February 1875
Opened1 October 1880
Demolished1964
Cost£60,000
Client Josiah Mason
Technical details
Floor count4
Design and construction
Architect(s) Jethro Cossins
References
Ballard, Phillada (2009). Birmingham's Victorian and Edwardian Architects. Oblong Creative Limited. p. 231. ISBN   978-0-9556576-2-7.

Mason Science College was a university college in Birmingham, England, and a predecessor college of the University of Birmingham. Founded in 1875 by industrialist and philanthropist Sir Josiah Mason, the college was incorporated into the University of Birmingham in 1900. Two students of the college, Neville Chamberlain and Stanley Baldwin, later went on to become prime ministers of the United Kingdom.

Contents

History

Sir Josiah Mason, the founder of Mason Science College. Bust by William Bloye, after Francis John Williamson. Josiah Mason bust - 2011-04-30 CROP.jpg
Sir Josiah Mason, the founder of Mason Science College. Bust by William Bloye, after Francis John Williamson.

The college was established by an English industrialist and philanthropist Sir Josiah Mason in 1875. [1] [2] The building of the college in Edmund Street, Birmingham was designed by Jethro Cossins [3] and opened on 1 October 1880 and was marked by a speech by Thomas Henry Huxley. [4] In the speech, Huxley considered the opening of the college as a victory for scientific cause and supported Mason's antagonistic views on the classics and theology. The college developed various liberal and vocational subjects, but forced out the artisans. The medical and scientific departments of Queen's College, Birmingham moved to the nearby Mason Science College. [5]

Mason University College Act 1897
Act of Parliament
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837).svg
Long title An Act for incorporating Mason University College and for other purposes.
Citation 60 & 61 Vict. c. xx
Dates
Royal assent 3 June 1897
Other legislation
Repealed by Birmingham University Act 1900
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted

In 1898, it became Mason University College, with Joseph Chamberlain becoming the President of Court of Governors of the college. In 1900 it was incorporated into the University of Birmingham. [6] Students at the college were awarded their degrees by the University of London until the University of Birmingham was established and received degree awarding powers in its own right.

William A. Tilden was professor of chemistry from 1880 to 1894. In September 1893, Francis William Aston began his university studies at the college, where he was taught physics by John Henry Poynting and chemistry by Frankland and Tilden. [7]

In 1881, Charles Lapworth became the first professor of geology at the college. [8] In 1891, physics professor John Henry Poynting successfully calculated the mean density of the Earth. [9]

The Mason College building housed Birmingham University's Faculties of Arts and Law for over half a century after the founding of the University in 1900. The Faculty of Arts building on the Edgbaston campus was not constructed until 1959–61. The Faculties of Arts and Law then moved to the Edgbaston Campus.

One of the last remaining traces of the former Josiah Mason College building in Edmund Street, seen in 1969. Baskerville House is visible through the archway, and the dome of the Hall of Memory rises above the ruins to the left. John Ball - Josiah Mason College and Baskerville House, Birmingham - 1969.jpg
One of the last remaining traces of the former Josiah Mason College building in Edmund Street, seen in 1969. Baskerville House is visible through the archway, and the dome of the Hall of Memory rises above the ruins to the left.

After the Second World War, the style of architecture was not as appreciated as it is now. Paul Cadbury referred to it in 1952 as a neo-gothic monstrosity and expected it to be demolished within 50 years. [10] In the event, it was demolished in 1964, along with the original Central Public Library and the Birmingham and Midland Institute, as part of the redevelopment within the inner ring road. The former Central Library stood on the site of the old college, the library having moved to a new site in 2013; the building was demolished in 2016.

Departments

During the first academic session of the college in 1880 courses in physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics were offered to students. By 1881 courses in geology and mineralogy, botany and vegetable physiology, engineering, English language and literature, Greek and Latin, and French and German language and literature were also available. From 1882 Medical students at Queen's College, Birmingham were able to attend classes in botany, physiology and chemistry, and in 1892 the medical faculty of Queen's College was transferred to Mason College. [9] There was also a short-lived department of 'Mental and Moral Science', which was not successful despite funds being gifted specifically to support the endeavor in 1882. [11]

Academics and alumni

Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain by William Orpen - 1929.jpg
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin Stanley Baldwin ggbain.35233.jpg
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
Nobel Prize Winner Francis William Aston Francis William Aston.jpg
Nobel Prize Winner Francis William Aston
Sir William Tilden William A. Tilden.jpg
Sir William Tilden
John Henry Poynting John Henry Poynting.jpg
John Henry Poynting
Constance Naden Constance Naden.JPG
Constance Naden

Notable academics and alumni of the college include: [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Birmingham</span> University in Birmingham, England

The University of Birmingham is a public research university in Birmingham, England. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Queen's College, Birmingham, and Mason Science College, making it the first English civic or 'red brick' university to receive its own royal charter, and the first English unitary university. It is a founding member of both the Russell Group of British research universities and the international network of research universities, Universitas 21.

The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science. Until 2009 it was known as the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA). The current Chief Executive is Hannah Russell. The BSA's mission is to get more people engaged in the field of science by coordinating, delivering, and overseeing different projects that are suited to achieve these goals. The BSA "envisions a society in which a diverse group of people can learn and apply the sciences in which they learn." and is managed by a professional staff located at their Head Office in the Wellcome Wolfson Building. The BSA offers a wide variety of activities and events that both recognise and encourage people to be involved in science. These include the British Science Festival, British Science Week, the CREST Awards, For Thought, The Ideas Fund, along with regional and local events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Society of Chemistry</span> Learned society in the United Kingdom

The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the Faraday Society, and the Society for Analytical Chemistry with a new Royal Charter and the dual role of learned society and professional body. At its inception, the Society had a combined membership of 49,000 in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norman Haworth</span> British chemist (1883–1950)

Sir Walter Norman Haworth FRS was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid while working at the University of Birmingham. He received the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C". The prize was shared with Swiss chemist Paul Karrer for his work on other vitamins.

Frederic Stanley Kipping FRS was an English chemist. He undertook much of the pioneering work on silicon polymers and coined the term silicone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Henry Poynting</span> English physicist

John Henry Poynting FRS was an English physicist. He was the first professor of physics at Mason Science College from 1880 to 1900, and then the successor institution, the University of Birmingham until his death.

Sir Martin Onslow Forster, FRS was a chemist and a director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Lapworth</span> Scottish chemist

Arthur Lapworth FRS was a Scottish chemist. He studied the mechanisms and kinetics of organic reactions. His most cited work was on the bromination of acetone published in 1904. He served as a professor of inorganic and physical chemistry at the University of Manchester.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William A. Tilden</span> British chemist (1846–1926)

William Augustus Tilden was a British chemist. He discovered that isoprene could be made from turpentine. He was unable to turn this discovery into a way to make commercially viable synthetic rubber.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Percy F. Frankland</span>

Percy Faraday Frankland CBE FRS was a British chemist.

The Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen is the students' representative and chairperson in the University Court of the University of Aberdeen. The position is rarely known by its full title and most often referred to simply as "Rector". The rector is elected by students of the university and serves a three-year term. Although the position has existed since 1495, it was only officially made the students' representative in 1860.

Dame Lynn Faith Gladden is the Shell Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge. She served as Pro-vice-chancellor for research from 2010 to 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Castle Rock School</span> Academy in Coalville, Leicestershire, England

The Castle Rock School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Coalville in the English county of Leicestershire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester</span>

The Department of Chemistry at the University of Manchester is one of the largest departments of Chemistry in the United Kingdom, with over 600 undergraduate and more than 200 postgraduate research students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian William Murison Smith</span>

Ian William Murison Smith was a chemist who served as a research fellow and lecturer in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge from 1963 to 1985 and Professor of Chemistry at the University of Birmingham from 1985 to 2002.

John Philip Simons is a British physical chemist known for his research in photochemistry and photophysics, molecular reaction dynamics and the spectroscopy of biological molecules. He was professor of physical chemistry at the University of Nottingham (1981–93) and Dr. Lee's Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford (1993–99).

John Joseph Sudborough was a British professor of chemistry. He specialized in physical organic chemistry with studies on steric hindrance in benzene compounds. He was the founding professor at the department of organic chemistry at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

References

  1. Eric Ives et al, The First Civic University: Birmingham 1880–1980 An Introductory History (Birmingham, 2000), p. 12
  2. Warner, D.; Palfreyman, D., eds. (2001). The State of UK Higher Education: Managing Change and Diversity. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press. p. 30. ISBN   978-0335206599.
  3. Ballard, Phillada (2009). Birmingham's Victorian and Edwardian Architects. Oblong Creative Limited. p. 231. ISBN   978-0-9556576-2-7.
  4. "Modern History Sourcebook: Thomas H. Huxley (1825–95): Science and Culture, 1880". Fordham University. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  5. Anderson, Robert (2006). British Universities Past and Present. Continuum. p. 77. ISBN   978-1852853471.
  6. "Mason College". University of Birmingham. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  7. Hevesy, G. (1948). "Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society Vol. 5, No. 16 (May, 1948), pp. 634–650". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 5 (16): 635–650. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1948.0002. JSTOR   768761. S2CID   191531223.
  8. "Professor Charles Lapworth LL D FRS". University of Birmingham. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Foundation of the University 1767 -1899". University of Birmingham. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  10. Cadbury, Paul S. (1952). Birmingham - Fifty Years On. Bournville Village Trust. p. 76.
  11. Eric Ives, Diane Drummond and L.D. Schwarz, The First Civic University: Birmingham 1880-1980 (Birmingham: Birmingham University Press, 2000), p. 35.
  12. See "Who Are Mason Science College's Most Influential Alumni?"
  13. K. Feiling, The Life of Neville Chamberlain (London, 1970), 11
  14. K. Feiling, The Life of Neville Chamberlain (London, 1970), 11-12
  15. "Lawrence Crawford biography".
  16. 1 2 "University of London General Register part 3" (PDF). Ulrls.lon.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  17. "Sir Guy Dain, F.R.C.S., Hon. M.D., Hon.L.L.D. (1870-1966)". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 38 (6): 391–2. 28 September 2015. PMC   2312112 . PMID   5329162.
  18. Dunn, PM (2002). "Sir Leonard Parsons of Birmingham (1879-1950) and antenatal paediatrics". Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 86 (1): F65–7. doi:10.1136/fn.86.1.F65. PMC   1721345 . PMID   11815555.

Sources