Artist's depiction of the Royal Navy chasing Tyrannicide up the Penobscot River. | |
History | |
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Massachusetts | |
Namesake | "Tyrant killer" |
Builder | Salisbury, Massachusetts shipyard |
Launched | July 1776 |
Homeport | Salem, Massachusetts |
Fate | Scuttled 14 August 1779 |
General characteristics | |
Sail plan | brigantine |
Complement | 75 men |
Armament | 14 × 6 or 4-pounder guns |
Tyrannicide was a 14-gun brigantine-rigged sloop of the Massachusetts State Navy. [1] The ship was built for the American Revolutionary War and participated in commerce raiding until destroyed in the Penobscot expedition.
Captain John Fisk (born in Salem 10 April 1744) was the first commanding officer, Jonathan Haraden of Gloucester was First Lieutenant, and Joseph Stockman was 2nd Lieutenant. [2] Tyrannicide sailed from the Salisbury, Massachusetts, shipyard on 8 July 1776 and returned to Salem, Massachusetts 17 July after capturing the sloop HMS Dispatch on 12 July following a 90-minute engagement at 41°26′N65°50′W / 41.433°N 65.833°W . [1] Dispatch mounted 8 carriage guns and 12 swivel guns with a crew of 31 men. [3] Dispatch lost her commander and two others killed, and five wounded. The armed ship Glasgow, the brig Saint John, and the schooner Three Brothers were captured during an August 1776 cruise between Cape Sable and Nantucket. [2] Tyrannicide narrowly avoided capture by a British frigate which retook a fourth prize. Tyrannicide was re-rigged from schooner to brigantine prior to embarking on a cruise to the West Indies on 29 October 1776. [1] Tyrannicide captured the snow Ann, the brig Henry and Ann, the 140-ton snow John, and the 100-ton brig Three Friends, before returning to Massachusetts on 14 February 1777. [2]
First Lieutenant Jonathan Haraden was promoted to command Tyrannicide when Captain Fisk assumed command of the brig Massachusetts. The two ships sailed together for the coast of Europe on 24 March 1777. They captured the brig Eagle, the snow Sally out of London with a cargo of English goods for Quebec, and then on 2 April Chalkley out of Honduras bound for Bristol with a cargo of mahogany at 41°30′N45°00′W / 41.500°N 45.000°W . On 8 April Tyrannicide captured the 500-ton barque Lonsdale after a three-hour engagement at 35° W. Massachusetts and Tyrannicide cooperated in the 22 April capture of a brig straggling from a British convoy at 48°N16°W / 48°N 16°W . Tyrannicide captured the 160-ton brig Trepassy on 30 April, but became separated from Massachusetts while being chased by a superior British squadron on 17 May. Tyrannicide escaped to Bilbao, Spain after throwing guns and stores overboard to lighten the ship, and returned to Boston on 30 August 1777. [4]
Tyrannicide sailed with Hazard on 21 November 1777 and captured the 130 ton brig Alexander on 13 December. Alexander was out of Halifax with a cargo of fish, oil, lumber and staves bound for the West Indies. The prize was retaken by HMS Yarmouth on 22 January 1778 off Barbadoes. [5] Tyrannicide captured the schooner Good Intent on 22 December and the brig Polly (both out of Newfoundland with cargoes of fish and hoops) and then the snow Swift with a cargo of flour out of Bristol. [2] On 18 February, 1778 she was fired upon by HMS Deal Castle off St. Vincent but was able to escape. [6] Tyrannicide left the West Indies on 30 March 1778 and returned to Boston in May. [1]
Tyrannicide next sailed on 10 July 1778 under the command of John Allen Hallet. On 29 September 1778 she captured the privateer brig Juno. [7] After avoiding damage in a 9 March 1779 gale, she captured the 14-gun privateer Revenge on 31 March at 28° N, 68° W. Revenge mounted fourteen 4 and 6-pounder carriage guns and two swivel guns, and had a crew of 60. [8] Tyrannicide captured two more prizes before returning to Boston on 25 April 1779. [1]
John Cathcart assumed command of Tyrannicide on 1 May 1779. She was part of the Penobscot Expedition sailing from Boston on 24 July. With the other ships of the expedition, she was burned at Bangor, Maine, on 14 August 1779 after retreating up the Penobscot River to avoid capture by a superior British fleet. [1]
USS Providence was a sloop-of-war in the Continental Navy, originally chartered by the Rhode Island General Assembly as Katy. The ship took part in a number of campaigns during the first half of the American Revolutionary War before being destroyed by her own crew in 1779 to prevent her falling into the hands of the British after the failed Penobscot Expedition.
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HMS Glasgow was a 20-gun sixth-rate post ship of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1757 and took part in the American Revolutionary War. While under command of Capt. William Maltby she ran onto rocks at Cohasset, Massachusetts on 10 December 1774. Refloated and arrived in Boston on the 15th for repairs. Capt. Maltby was relieved of command at a Court Martial and replaced by Tyringham Howe some time between 8–15 January 1775. She is most famous for her encounter with the maiden voyage of the Continental Navy off Block Island on 6 April 1776. In that action, Glasgow engaged a squadron of 6 ships of the Continental Navy, managing to escape intact. Under the command of Tho. Pasley, she captured sloop Juliana on 1 April 1777. She captured sloop Unity on 2 April 1777. She captured the sloop Betsy & Ann on 4 April. She captured sloop Volante on 5 April. She captured the brig Aurora on 10 April. She captured sloop Sally on 16 April. She captured American privateer sloop Henry on 19 April. She captured schooner Providence on 2 May. She captured schooner Nancy, probably in early May. She captured schooner Betsy 27 June. She captured brig Dolphin on unknown date. She captured sloop Rover on 24 July. She captured sloop Antonio on 21 July. She captured sloop Tryall on 25 July. She captured an unknown schooner on an unknown date. She captured schooner Gen. Thompson on an unknown date. She captured sloop Industry at an unknown date. She captured schooner Betsy & Ann on 4 November. She captured brig Sally on 8 December. She captured sloop Defiance and schooner Success on 9 December. She captured brig Minerva on 19 December. She captured schooner Happy Return on 22 December 1777. On 28 February 1778, she captured sloop Abigale 5 leagues east northeast of the Tiburon Peninsula. On 9 March 1778, she captured schooner Nancy 6 leagues off Mayaguana, Bahamas. She captured sloop Lucy on 12 March off the south east end of Mayaguana. She captured a prize in April 1778, but it sprang a leak and sank.
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